Studies on extracting solutions of endohedral rare-earth metallofullerenes by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Thirteen extracting solutions of rare-earth metallofullerenes containing La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm and Yb respectively have been investigated by means of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-night, mass spectrometry. The influences of the positive-ion/negative-ion mode, laser intensity, matrix and mass discrimination to the analytical results are studied, based on which the optimal analytical conditions have been determined. The results show that the extracting solutions contain large quantities of rare-earth metallofullerenes brs;des empty fullerenes, On the basis of comparing their relative intensities, the different structure stabilities and solubilities of metallofullerenes with different rare-earth metals encapsulated into the fullerene cages, as well as some possible reasons to those differences, are discussed.

Luminescence properties of the ternary rare earth complexes with beta-diketones and 1,10-phenanthroline incorporated in silica matrix by a sol-gel method

Ternary complexes of rare earth Eu(dbm)(3).phen and Tb(acac)(3).phen (dbm = dibenzoylmethanide, acac = acetylacetone and phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) were introduced into silica gel by the sol-gel method. The result indicated that the rare earth ions (EU3+ and Tb3+) showed fewer emission lines and slightly lower emission intensities in the silica gel than in the pure rare earth complexes. The lifetimes of rare earth ions in silica gel (Eu3+ and Tb3+) doped with Eu(dbm)(3).phen and Tb(acac)(3).phen were longer than those in purl Eu(dbm)(3).phen and Tb(acac)(3).phen. A very small amount of rare earth complexes doped in a silica gel matrix can retain excellent luminescence properties. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A.

Luminescence properties of the ternary terbium complexes with (ortho and para) aminobenzoic acids and 1,10-phenanthroline incorporated in silica matrix by a sol-gel method

Ternary complexes of terbium with ortho (and pam) aminobenzoic acid and 1,10-phenanthroline were introduced into silica gel by the sol-gel method. The luminescence behavior of the solid-state samples was studied during the sol-gel aging process by means of emission. excitation spectra, lifetimes and quantum efficiencies.

Red color filter in an organo-soluble polyamide matrix for liquid crystal displays

A red color filter was laminated from a solution of red color pigment and an organo-soluble polyamide, based on 1,4-bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenoxy) benzene dianhydride (HQDPA) and 2,2'-dimethyl-4,4'-methylene dianiline (DMMDA). The red color filter in a polyamide matrix with negative birefringence plays an important role in twisted nematic liquid crystal displays (TN-LCDs). The red color filter, and also compensation films, extend the viewing angle of LCDs. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A.

Electron transfer between Eu3+ and Tb3+ in BaB4O7 matrix

The BaB4O7:Eu, Tb phosphors are first synthesized in air atmosphere. We investigate their luminescent properties, and find that europium(II) and europium(III) can coexist in the BaB4O7:Eu phosphor. We observed that the relative intensity of europium(II) is increased when terbium(III) is incorporated. The electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra are carried out. The intensity of ESR peaks corresponding to europium(II) is also increased when terbium(III) is increased, so the valency state of europium is influenced by terbium(III). We explain these phenomena by an electron transfer mechanism. (C) 1996 Academic Press, Inc.

Electron transfer between Eu3+ and Ce3+ in SrM-F-4 matrix

Emissions of europium (II) and europium (III) have been observed in SrMgF4:Eu and SrMgF4:Eu,Ce phosphors which are synthesized in Ar flow, It is notable that the intensity of the ESR peaks corresponding to Eu2+ is increased when cerium ion is incorporated which can be explained by electron transfer mechanism.

EXTENDED ADJACENCY MATRIX INDEXES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS

In this paper, new topological indices, EA Sigma and EAmax, are introduced. They are based on the extended adjacency matrices of molecules, in which the influences of factors of heteroatoms and multiple bonds were considered. The results show that EA Sigm

Bioorganic/inorganic hybrid composition of sponge spicules: Matrix of the giant spicules and of the comitalia of the deep sea hexactinellid Monorhaphis

The giant basal spicules of the siliceous sponges Monorhaphis chuni and Monorhaphis intermedia (Hexactinellida) represent the largest biosilica structures on earth (up to 3 m long). Here we describe the construction (lamellar organization) of these spicules and of the comitalia and highlight their organic matrix in order to understand their mechanical properties. The spicules display three distinct regions built of biosilica: (i) the outer lamellar zone (radius: >300 mu m), (ii) the bulky axial cylinder (radius: <75 mu m), and (iii) the central axial canal (diameter: <2 mu m) with its organic axial filament. The spicules are loosely covered with a collagen net which is regularly perforated by 7-10 mu m large holes; the net can be silicified. The silica layers forming the lamellar zone are approximate to 5 mu m thick; the central axial cylinder appears to be composed of almost solid silica which becomes porous after etching with hydrofluoric acid (HF). Dissolution of a complete spicule discloses its complex structure with distinct lamellae in the outer zone (lamellar coating) and a more resistant central part (axial barrel). Rapidly after the release of the organic coating from the lamellar zone the protein layers disintegrate to form irregular clumps/aggregates. In contrast, the proteinaceous axial barrel, hidden in the siliceous axial cylinder, is set up by rope-like filaments. Biochemical analysis revealed that the (dominant) molecule of the lamellar coating is a 27-kDa protein which displays catalytic, proteolytic activity. High resolution electron microscopic analysis showed that this protein is arranged within the lamellae and stabilizes these surfaces by palisade-like pillars. The mechanical behavior of the spicules was analyzed by a 3-point bending assay, coupled with scanning electron microscopy. The load-extension curve of the spicule shows a biphasic breakage/cracking pattern. The outer lamellar zone cracks in several distinct steps showing high resistance in concert with comparably low elasticity, while the axial cylinder breaks with high elasticity and lower stiffness. The complex bioorganic/inorganic hybrid composition and structure of the Monorhaphis spicules might provide the blueprint for the synthesis of bio-inspired material, with unusual mechanical properties (strength, stiffness) without losing the exceptional properties of optical transmission. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Matrix-bound phosphine: A new form of phosphorus found in sediment of Jiaozhou Bay

Matrix-bound phosphine (PH3), a new form of phosphorus, was found in sediment of Jiaozhou Bay in December 2001. Concentration and distribution of PH3 in different layers of sediment with different stations were analyzed. The results show that PH3 concentrations are various with different layers and different stations. PH3 concentrations in the bottom layer of sediment (20-30 cm) are usually higher than those in the surface layer (0-4 cm). The highest PH3 concentration in our investigation reaches 685 ng/kg (dry), which is much higher than those in terrestrial paddy soil, marsh and landfill that have been reported up to now. The correlation analysis indicates that there is no apparent correlation between the concentrations of PH3 and inorganic phosphorus in sediment. However, the correlation between the concentrations of phosphine and organic phosphorus in the bottom layer of sediment is remarkable (R-2=0.83). It is mainly considered that PH3 in sediment of Jiaozhou Bay is produced from the decomposition of organic phosphorus in the anaerobic condition, and so PH3 concentrations are related to organic phosphorus concentration and anaerobic environment in sediment. The discovery of PH3 in sediment will give people some new ideas on the mechanisms of phosphorus supplement and biogeochemical cycle in Jiaozhou Bay.

Distribution characteristics of matrix-bound phosphine along the coast of China and possible environmental controls

Matrix-bound phosphine (MBP) concentrations in surface sediments collected from 37 stations along the coast of China in 2006 are reported. MBP was found in all samples and the average concentration was 6.30 ng kg(-1) dry weight (dw). The distribution of MBP showed certain spatial variation characteristics with high MBP concentrations at stations near to the coast. The average concentrations of MBP in the northern Yellow Sea (NYS), the southern Yellow Sea (SYS), the northern area of East China Sea (NECS), the southern area of East China Sea (SECS), and South China Sea (SCS) were 5.57 +/- 3.78, 3.78 +/- 2.81, 5.27 +/- 3.07, 5.48 +/- 4.05 and 13.52 +/- 7.86 ng kg(-1) dw. respectively. The correlations between MBP and influencing factors, such as the sedimentary environmental characteristics (sediment type, the grain size, contents of phosphorous, organic matters and redox potential) and the aquatic environmental characteristics (temperature, salinity, depth and hydrodynamics) were studied. The results indicated that MBP was strongly influenced by various factors, such as total phosphorus (TP), organic phosphorus (OP), organic carbon (OC), the grain size and hydrodynamics, all of which not only offered reasonable interpretations for the distribution characteristics of MBP but also provided evidence to support the viewpoint that phosphine originated from OP decomposition. This work is the first comprehensive study of the distribution of MBP along the coast of China and its relationships with environmental factors which will lead to a better understanding of the phosphorus (P) biogeochemical cycle in the sea. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Seasonal and spatial distribution of matrix-bound phosphine and its relationship with the environment in the Changjiang River Estuary, China

Sediment is commonly considered as a source of phosphine, which is a highly toxic and reactive atmospheric trace gas. This study aims to investigate the seasonal and spatial distribution of matrix-bound phosphine (MBP) and its relationship with the environment in the Changjiang River Estuary. A total of 43 surface sediments were collected in four seasons of 2006, and concentrations of MBP and relative environmental factors were analyzed. MBP ranged from 1.93 to 94.86 ng kg(-1) dry weight (dw) with an average concentration of 17.14 ng kg(-1) dw. The concentrations of MBP in the tipper estuary were, higher than those in the lower estuary, which could be attributed to greater pollutant inputs in the upper estuary. The concentrations of MBP also varied with season, with November > August > May > February. Significant correlations existed between MBP and total phosphorus (TP), organic phosphorus (OP), inorganic phosphorus (W), organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN), the grain size, and redox potential (Eh), suggesting that these sedimentary environmental characteristics played an important role in controlling the MBP levels in the sediments. Notably, there were positive linear relationships between the concentrations of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), TP, and chlorophyll a (Chl a) in bottom water and MBP in sediments. These relationships might be very complicated and need further exploration. This work is the first comprehensive study of the seasonal and spatial distribution of MBP in sediments and its relationships with environmental factors in a typical estuary, and will lead to deeper understanding of the phosphorus (P) biogeochemical cycle. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Three dimensional fluorescence excitation-emission on matrix spectrum of dissolved organic substance in marine microalgaes growth process

The three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum was used to detect the changes in dissolved organic substances from the cultured Skeletonema costatum, Alexandrium tamarense, Alexandrium mimutum, Scrippsiella trochodea, Prorocentrum donghaiense and Prorocentrum micans. The result indicates that all of the microalgaes can produce FDOM in the growth courses. Diatom such as Skeletonema costatum can produce humic-like FDOM. However dinoflagellate can produce protein-like FDOM at exponential growth phase. When the algae grows into decadency phase, the intensity of humic-like and protein-like fluorescence augments rapidly, which may be due to a mass of FDOM realeased by the old or dead cell fragmentation and the degradation of bacteria by using non-FDOM. The fluorescent intensity of Alexandrium tamarense, Alexandrium mimutum, Prorocentrum donghaiense and Prorocentrum micans can reduce at anaphase of decadency phase because of the degradation of bacteria and light. The same genus of algae can produce similar FDOM, for example: Alexandrium tamarense, and Alexandrium mimutum, Prorocentrum donghaiense and Prorocentrum micans, but the positions of the fluorescence peaks are different.

基于状态构形矢量和状态构形矩阵的可重构模块星球机器人构形水

可重构模块星球机器人系统由母体和多个子机器人模块组成,单个模块可以独立运动和操作,多个模块可以重构组合成不同构形,模块采用非对称式轮手一体机构,具有姿态方位性和运动方向性,重构目的是组成在某种环境下更好地完成有向性运动的构形。基于此,提出矢量构形概念,将运动趋势方向和方位性融合到构形拓扑结构中。在模块矢量分析模型基础上,提出并构建状态构形矢量(State configuration vector,SCV)和状态构形矩阵(State configuration matrix,SCM),对非对称式单模块和整体构形的状态信息进行描述,同时支持预定义的数学变换操作,可以表达并触发模块的基础动作、构形重构。提出离散模块组合重构成目标构形的优化分析算法,通过实例仿真计算获得优化分析的选择结果。

A study on the dependence of the micro-pore configurations on the volatilization and the burn processes of the organic compounds in the matrix of molten carbonate fuel cells

The micro-pore configurations on the matrix surface were studied by SEM. The matrix of molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) performance was also improved by the better coordination between the reasonable radius of the micro-pores and the higher porosity of the cell matrix. The many and complicated micro-pore configurations in the cell matrix promoted the volatilization of the organic additives and the burn of polyvinyl butyral (PVB). The smooth volatilization of the organic additives and the complete burn of PVB were the significant factors for the improved MCFC performance. Oxygen diffusion controlled-burn mechanism of PVB in the cell matrix was proposed. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.