Estado del arte sobre estrés laboral entre los años 2005 y 2016

El propósito de este estudio es realizar un estado del arte sobre estrés laboral entre los años 2005 y 2016 utilizando artículos publicados en las bases de datos Ebsco, Apa-Psychnet, Proquest, Psycodoc, Pubmed, Redalyc y Scielo las cuales están abaladas por la Universidad del Rosario. Se hallaron en total 2674 artículos utilizando 6 palabras claves como criterios de búsqueda los cuales fueron Estrés Laboral, Estrés ocupacional, Estrés en el Trabajo, Job Stress, Work Stress y Occupational Stress. El instrumento de recolección de información fue una ficha bibliográfica modificada la cual permitió sistematizar los datos de los artículos encontrados en diferentes dimensiones para así poder utilizar los artículos encontrados como unidades de análisis para la investigación. El análisis de los artículos arrojó una diferencia significativa entre el volumen de publicaciones hechas en español versus las hechas en inglés tanto de artículos empíricos como teóricos. También se encontraron indicadores que permiten ver como el estudio del estrés laboral ha aumentado desde el año 2012 hasta la actualidad, siendo este el lapso en el cual el 59% de los artículos han sido arbitrados y subidos a las diferentes bases de datos.

Reliability of Tethered Swimming Evaluation in Age Group Swimmers

The aim of the present study was to examine the reliability of tethered swimming in the evaluation of age group swimmers. The sample was composed of 8 male national level swimmers with at least 4 years of experience in competitive swimming. Each swimmer performed two 30 second maximal intensity tethered swimming tests, on separate days. Individual force-time curves were registered to assess maximum force, mean force and the mean impulse of force. Both consistency and reliability were very strong, with Cronbach’s Alpha values ranging from 0.970 to 0.995. All the applied metrics presented a very high agreement between tests, with the mean impulse of force presenting the highest. These results indicate that tethered swimming can be used to evaluate age group swimmers. Furthermore, better comprehension of the swimmers ability to effectively exert force in the water can be obtained using the impulse of force. Key words: swimming, training and testing, propulsive force, front crawl.

Urban public policies: towards the improvement of landscape ecological system. The case-study of the city of Évora, Portugal.

The Charter of European Planning 2013 presents a Vision for the future of European cities and regions, highlighting the sustainability of cities and the preservation of urban ecosystems, integrating the man-made environment with the natural ecosystems and contribute to the well-being and quality of life of their inhabitants and other stakeholders. Thus, urban public policies are crucial to the improvement of the landscape ecological system, achievable by city planning and design. The paper aims to analyse if public urban policies in Portugal have been integrating strategies and/or guidelines to enhance the ecological system of the landscape. Then, which new perspectives are possible, framed by the recently approved law Bases of Public Policy of Soils, Land Management and Urban Planning (2014). This new law, in contrast with the previous ones, don’t allow reserving land to urbanize, in municipal master plans. Moreover, it is possible to revert land classified for urban purposes in those plans into rustic soils (when it is not yet infra-structured or built). It allows creating new planning and design dynamics, convert several areas and including them in the urban ecological structure, essential to the enhancement of landscape ecological system. This is a filed of work where landscape architecture has huge responsibilities, by associating and harmonize man-made environment with natural systems, enlightening sustainability consistent with conservation and improvement of Nature while contributing to the well-being and quality of life of Man. A sustainability that is ethical, aesthetic, ecological and cultural. The study is supported by a case study – the city of Évora. The ultimate goal is to propose measures to promote larger and better integration of ecological component in urban public policies, framed by the new territorial management law, taking into account and highlighting the specificities of the landscape system – Man and Nature – at the local level.

Impactes do Preço da Água na Agricultura no Perímetro Irrigado do Vale de Caxito

O aumento da pressão sobre os recursos hídricos tem levado muitos países a reconsiderarem os mecanismos utilizados na indução do uso eficiente da água, especialmente na agricultura irrigada. Estabelecer o preço correto da água é um dos mecanismos de tornar mais eficiente a alocação da água. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo a análise dos impactes económicos, sociais e ambientais de políticas de preço da água. A metodologia utilizada foi a Programação Linear, aplicada ao Perímetro Irrigado do Vale de Caxito, Província do Bengo, a 45 km de Luanda, que tem como fonte o rio Dande. Foram testados três cenários relativos a políticas de tarifação de água: tarifa volumétrica simples, tarifa volumétrica variável, e tarifa fixa por superfície. As principais conclusões mostram que, do ponto de vista do uso eficiente da água na agricultura, os melhores resultados obtêm-se com a tarifa volumétrica variável; do ponto de vista social, a tarifação volumétrica simples apresenta os melhores resultados; o método de tarifa volumétrica variável foi o mais penalizador, reduzindo rapidamente a área das culturas mais consumidoras de água, sendo o melhor do ponto de vista ambiental. Qualquer um dos métodos traz aspetos negativos relativamente à redução da margem bruta total. Palavras-chaves: Recursos hídricos; Preço da água; Programação linear. Abstract: Increased pressure on water resources has led many countries to reconsider the mechanisms used in the induction of efficient water use, especially for irrigated agriculture, a major consumer of water. Establishing the correct price of water is one of the mechanisms for more efficient allocation of water. This paper aims to analyze the economic, social and essenenvironmental impacts of water price policies. The methodology used is the linear programming, applied to the Irrigated Valley Caxito, in Bengo Province, 45 kilometers from Luanda, which has the river Dande as its source. Three scenarios concerning water price policies were tested: simple volumetric rate, variable volumetric rate and flat rate per surface. The main findings show that from the point of view of the efficient use of water in agriculture, the best results are obtained with variable volumetric rate; from the social point of view, the simple volumetric rate has the best results; the volume variable rate method proved to be the most penalizing, quickly reducing the area of most water consuming cultures, being the method in which the environmental objectives would be more readily achieved. Either methods bring negative aspects in relation to the reduction of total gross margin. Key-words: Water resources; Water price; Linear programming.

A segunda vida da Praia dos Espanhóis: dançarinos, pescadores e turistas no sul de Portugal

Abstract: In this text, we deal with proccesses of appropriation of space in the Dam of Póvoa (Portugal) using a dwelling perspective (Ingold 2009) over the territory. The reconversion of innactive spaces in rural areas into leisure-related ones in a quite common practice in contemporary times.The Spaniards beach is one of the local names given by locals to the Dam of Póvoa (Castelo de Vide), in northern Alentejo (Portugal). In the collective memory of the residents, the Dam (built in the 1920’s) is remembered for the many flowers surrounding the area. This Garden-style aesthetics has outlived the initial function of the Dam (to produce electric power). From the 1960’s to the 1980’s, it was also a popular leisure space for Spanish and Portuguese people. It is not a beach, but being inland, it was the closest thing to a beach the residents had. The centrality of this leisure space in the area only decayed after the construction of swimming pools in the nearby towns. Early in the begginning of 21st century a fire destroyed part of the natural floral landscape of the dam. Abandoned for some years, the place has still been appropriated by leisured people in day-trips (for sight-seeing, pic-nics), fishing competitions, caravan soujorns, and, since 2013, in a music and dance festival named Andanças (www.andancas.net). The research that underlies this paper was carried out between 2013 and 2016 by a team of anthropologists. An ethnography of the Dam and its uses, and of the festival and its participants was carried out. In our working-paper we higlight the main research findings achieved. Key-words: Leisure; Landscape; Tourism; Music; Space; Portugal.

Régime thermique en période de maturation du raisin dans le géoclimat viticole.

Mots clés :indice de fraîcheur des nuits, amplitude thermique, Système CCM Géoviticole, zonage, qualité. Key words: cool night index, thermal amplitude, MCC System for World Viticulture, zoning, quality. RESUME Le régime thermique en période de maturation du raisin est l?une des variables déterminantes de la coloration du raisin et de la richesse en arômes, anthocyanes et polyphénols des vins. L?objectif du travail est de caractériser le régime thermique, notamment la fraîcheur des nuits et l?amplitude thermique au cours de la maturation, au niveau du climat viticole mondial, sur une base des données de 100 régions viticoles dans 30 pays, obtenue par l?intermédiaire de l?Organisation Mondiale de la Météorologie - OMM. Plusieurs indices climatiques viticoles ont été calculés: l?Indice de Fraîcheur des Nuits ?IF (ºC), l?Indice Héliothermique de Huglin ?IH (ºC) et l?Indice de Sécheresse ?IS (mm) du Système de Classification Climatique Multicritères Géoviticole, et l?amplitude thermique moyenne en août et septembre Aa-s (ºC). Egalement, sur la période véraison-récolte ?v-r(moyenne des 30 jours précédant la date de récolte, estimée sur la base d?un Indice Héliothermique de HUGLIN égal à 1.900 - approximatif pour la maturation du Cabernet-Sauvignon): la fraîcheur des nuits (FNv -r), la température moyenne de l?air (Tv-r), la température maximale de l?air (Txv-r) et l?amplitude thermique (Av-r). Les résultats montrent que IH est corrélé avec Tv-r (r=0,79**) et avec Txv-r (r=0,80**). IH représente donc bien les conditions thermiques générales de la période de maturation en ce qui concerne la température moyenne et maximale de l?air. Mais IH n?est pas corrélé ni avec Aa-s ni avec Av-r. Par contre, IF est corrélé avec Aa-s (r=-0,70**) et FNv-r est corrélé avec Av-r (r=-0,69**). Cette corrélation doit justifier, en partie, l?usage assez courant de l?amplitude thermique comme indicateur de bonnes conditions thermiques de maturation pour les régions qui présentent des valeurs élevées. Mais ce raisonnement peut amener à des caractérisations erronées. Le travail met en évidence, également, ?importance de considérer le bilan hydrique des régions (IS) dans l?analyse du régime thermique sur la qualité du raisin. On peut onclure que pour avoir une bonne caractérisation du régime thermique en période de maturation il faut considérer la fraîcheur des nuits (IF étant un bon indicateur de FNv-r moyen des régions, avec un r=0,80**), caractérisation qui peut être améliorée avec l?information des températures maximales et de sur 11l?amplitude thermique en période de maturation du raisin. Les éléments présentés peuvent servir à améliorer les indices climatiques pour estimer le potentiel qualitatif du raisin des différentes régions viticoles, notamment en complément de IF. ABSTRACT The thermal conditions during the grape ripening period are important variables related to colour of the grapes, anthocyanins, polyphenols and flavour of the wine. The main purpose of this work was to characterise the thermal conditions, especially the night coolness and the thermal amplitude during maturation, in the geoclimate of the world vine culture. A database of 100 grape-growing regions of 30 countries obtained from the World Meteorology Organisation (WMO) was used. Some climatic indexes were calculated: Cool Night Index ?IF (°C), Huglin?s Heliothermal Index ?IH (°C) and Dryness Index ?IS (mm), from the Multicriteria Climatic Classification System for World Viticulture, and the thermal amplitude in August and September Aa-s (°C). Over véraison-harvest period ?v-r(mean of the 30 days before harvesting date, estimated on the basis of HUGLIN Heliothermal Index equal to 1,900 ? approximately value to ripen Cabernet-Sauvignon) similar indexes were obtained: the cool night (FNv-r), the mean air temperature (Tv-r), the maximal air temperature (Txv-r) and the thermal amplitude (Av-r). The results showed that IH is positively correlated with Tv-r (r=0.79**), Txv-r (r=0.80)and IF (r=0.67**). Therefore, IH represents well the general thermal conditions during maturation period, specially concerning the mean and the maximal air temperature. owever, IH was correlated neither with Aa-s nor to Av-r. IF was negatively correlated with Aa-s (r= -0.70**) and FNv-r was negatively correlated with Av-r (r=-0.69**). The correlation to some extent explains the current use of the thermal amplitude to predict good ripening thermal conditions for those regions that show high values. As here we have described, this thinking may give incorrect results. This work has also showed the importance to consider the water balance of the regions (IS) in the effect of the thermal conditions in grape quality. We conclude that the characterisation of the thermal conditions during the ripening period do need the cool night index (in this case, IFis a good index to provide the mean FNv-r of the regions, r=0,80**). Factors other than cool night which influence this characterisation are both maximal air temperature and thermal amplitude data. The elements presented in this work, in addition to IF , may improve the climatic indexes to be used to predict the qualitative potential of grapes from different regions.

Zonage climatique viticole et cartographie numérique du Rio Grande do Sul - Brésil, par les indices du Système CCM Géoviticole.

Abstract: The State Rio Grande do Sul is the main producer of Brazilian fine wines, with four viticultural regions. The objective is the characterization of the viticultural climatic potential of the State (total surface of 281.749 km2). The methodology use the Géoviticulture Multicriteria Climatic Classification System (Géoviticulture MCC System), based on three climatic indices ? Dryness Index (DI), Heliotermal Index (HI) and Cool Night Index (CI). Based on latitude, longitude, altitude and distance from Atlantic Ocean, the 3 viticultural climatic indices were modeled and the algorithms applied to a DTM using GIS. The results show that Rio Grande do Sul has the following classes of viticultural climate: according to DI ? Moderately Dry, Sub-humid, Humid; according to HI ? Cool, Temperate, Temperate warm, Warm and Very Warm; according to CI ? Cool nights, Temperate nights, Warm nights. Based on the total surface, the most representatives viticultural climates are: « Humid x Temperate » (3,1%), « Humid x Temperate warm » (14,4%), « Humid x Warm » (52,6%), « Sub-humid x Warm » (20,0%) and « Sub-humid x Very warm » (5,8%). According to CI, the viticultural climates have a range of variation as a function of the interaction between « earlyness of the varieties x heliothermal availability ». Key words: climate classification, climate models, climatic Groups, zoning

Starch, growth, and development in cuttings of rootstock "Paulsen 1103" from plants infested with ground pearl.

ABSTRACT The ground pearl, Eurhizococcus brasiliensis, is considered an important pest of vineyards in southern Brazil, with affected plants exhibiting leaf chlorosis, reduction in vigor, fading, and death. This study evaluated the quality of hardwood cuttings produced from plants infected (I) and not infected (NI) by ground pearl. ?Paulsen 1103? (Vitis berlandieri × Vitis rupestris) plants were grown for 29 months in brick-built raised beds either infested or not infested by ground pearl; then, 12 one-year-old branches with a maximum of 12 buds each were cut from each plant, subdivided into three portions (4 buds cutting-1), and subjected to destructive and nondestructive testing. Destructive testing comprised determining fresh and dry weight, length, internode diameters, and percentage of starch. Nondestructive testing comprised assessing the potential for bud sprouting and shoot development. Each mother plant in the I and NI beds was considered a replicate, with a total of 360 cuttings per treatment. It was observed that cuttings from infected plants had significantly lower (P<0.05) internode diameter, length, and fresh and dry weight than those of the uninfected plants. The percentage of starch content of the cuttings did not differ significantly. All cuttings showed the same percentage (100%) of bud breaking and no changes in growth and development of seedlings regardless of source. Given these results, it was concluded that vines of ?Paulsen 1103? infested with ground pearl produce smaller cuttings than those of uninfected plants but with no reduction in bud break percentage or seedling development. Key words: Margarodidae, Vitaceae, insect?plant interaction, carbohydrates. RESUMO A pérola-da-terra, Eurhizococcus brasiliensis, tem sido considerada uma importante praga dos vinhedos no sul do Brasil, sendo que as plantas atacadas manifestam clorose foliar, redução no vigor, definhamento e morte. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a qualidade de estacas lenhosas produzidas a partir do contraste de videiras infestadas (I) e não infestadas (NI) por pérola-da-terra. Após 29 meses de cultivo em canteiros de alvenaria, em presença ou ausência de pérola-da-terra, cada planta da variedade ?Paulsen 1103? (Vitis berlandieri × Vitis rupestris) foi submetida à retirada de 12 ramos de ano, com no máximo 12 gemas cada, sendo subdivididos em três porções 4 gemas estaca-1) e submetidos a avaliações destrutivas e não destrutivas. As destrutivas consistiram em determinar massas fresca e seca, comprimento, diâmetro de entrenós e percentual de amido. As avaliações não estrutivas consistiram em testar o potencial de brotação e desenvolvimento das estacas. Cada planta matriz dos canteiros I e NI foi considerada uma repetição, totalizando 360 estacas por tratamento. As estacas das plantas infestadas tiveram uma redução (P<0,05), em relação às não infestadas, em diâmetro, comprimento e massas fresca e seca. Não houve contraste significativo do percentual de amido avaliado das estacas. Quanto à brotação, destaca-se que todas as estacas apresentaram o mesmo percentual (100%), independente da origem, sem alterações no desenvolvimento e crescimento das mudas. Diante desses resultados, salienta-se que videiras ?Paulsen 1103? infestadas por pérola-da-terra produzem estacas menores, porém não há comprometimento no percentual de brotação e desenvolvimento das mudas, quando comparadas com plantas não infestadas. Palavras-chave: Margarodidae, Vitaceae, interação inseto-planta, carboidrato

MAPAS COGNITIVOS APRENDIZAJES DESDE LA VIVENCIA ESPACIAL

El artículo integra los marcos teóricos de la Geografía de la Percepción y el aprendizaje significativo mediante una secuencia didáctica para la enseñanza de la cartografía en el curso Didáctica de los Estudios Sociales para educación Básica, de la carrera Diplomado en pedagogía con acento en I y II ciclos de la Educación general Básica, Universidad Nacional.  El objetivo general se centró en analizar la utilidad del mapa cognitivo en la enseñanza de la cartografía, para contrastar con otos métodos tradicionales.  Los resultados revelan que las configuraciones espaciales representadas en los mapas cognitivos se asemejan muy poco a las representaciones cartográficas convencionales, no obstante la metodología implementada produce aprendizaje significativoPalabras claves: Geografía de la Percepción-Aprendizaje significativo-Secuencia didáctica-Mapa cognitivo-Enseñanza de la cartografía.Abstract:The article comprises the theoretical frameworks of the Geography of Perception and significant learning by means of a didactic sequence for the teaching of cartography in the Didactic course of Social Studies for Basic education, the Diploma course of study in pedagogy with emphasis on cycles I and II of general Basic Education,  Universidad Nacional.  The general objective is focused on analyzing the usefulness of the cognitive map in the teaching of cartography in order to contrast it other traditional methods. The results reveal that the spatial configurations represented in the cognitive maps bear little resemblance to the conventional cartographic representations. Nevertheless, the methodology implemented produces significant learning.Key Words: Geography of Perception, significant learning, didactic sequence, cognitive map, cartography education, cartography.

LA PRODUCCIÓN DE SIGNIFICADOS Y REPRESENTACIONES DEL ESPACIO POR LA GEOGRAFÍA ESCOLAR: POSIBILIDADES Y LIMITACIONES EN LOS MAPAS

ResumenPresentamos en este artículo una reflexión sobre la producción de los significados y representaciones del espacio geográfico, a partir de una discusión sobre educación escolar en el componente curricular, Geografía en la Educación Básica. Proponemos una interrogación acerca de su aporte en la construcción de las percepciones espaciales, desencadenando este pensar especialmente sobre el uso, las limitaciones y las posibilidades reveladas en los mapas. De ese modo, invitamos a un cuestionamiento sobre las formas de utilización de ese recurso, que exige elecciones codificadas, simplificadas y representadas según criterios de escalas, símbolos y proyecciones cartográficas.Discutimos cómo la Geografía escolar utiliza los mapas y cómo propone los significados y representaciones de ese lenguaje en imagen, en la medida que son configuraciones producidas y cuyos contenidos son escogidos. Argumentamos que la educación escolar responde en gran parte a las representaciones construidas por las personas. Por eso, el presente texto es un ejercicio relevante para los educadores en general, una invitación al análisis de la utilización de los lenguajes específicos de cada área del conocimiento. Fortalecemos, de esa manera, el debate sobre las producciones de las representaciones, esenciales en los movimientos de la vida cotidiana de las personas que pasan por la escuela proyectando un currículo más abierto.Palabras clave: Aprendizaje escolar, significados, representaciones, Geografía escolar, mapa.AbstractWe present in this article a reflection on the production of meanings and representations in the geographical space, from a discussion on school education in the curriculum component, Geography in Basic Education. We propose a question about its contribution to the construction of spatial perceptions, triggering an analysis particularly about the use, limitations and opportunities revealed in the maps.Thus, we invite for discussion ways of utilizing that resource which requires encoded choices, simplified and represented according to criteria of scale, symbols and map projections. We discuss how the Geography student uses the maps and how the student applies the meanings and representations of that picture language in the settings as they are produced and whose contents are chosen.We argue that education is greatly due to the representations constructed by people. Therefore, this text is an important exercise for educators in general, an invitation to the analysis of the use of specific languages for each area of knowledge. In this way, we strengthen the debate over the production of essential representations in the movements of the daily life of the people passing through the school by projecting a more open curriculum.Key words: Elementary education, meanings, representations, school geography, maps.

SISTEMA DE INFORMACIÓN GEOGRÁFICA PARA EL ANÁLISIS ESPACIAL DE LA PESQUERÍA ARTESANAL ASENTADA EN LA PENÍNSULA DE ARAYA, ESTADO SUCRE – VENEZUELA

Se desarrolló un Sistema de Información Geográfica (SIG) automatizado para el análisis espacial de las capturas, del esfuerzo pesquero, de la abundancia estimada de especies mediante el índice de Captura por Unidad de Esfuerzo (CPUE) y de su relación con algunos factores ambientales (profundidad, tipo de fondo y temperatura superficial del mar) de la esquería artesanal asentada en la península de Araya, Estado Sucre, República de Venezuela. Este programa automatizado, denominado SIGPAR, fue desarrollado utilizando el lenguaje Microsoft® Visual Basic 6 y la respectiva librería del software SIG Idrisi®, a cuyo menú principal fue agregado un nuevo módulo que facilita la interacción con los usuarios.Palabras claves: Sistema de Información Geográfica (SIG); pesquería artesanal; Península de Araya, Venezuela.AbstractA Geographic Information System (GIS) application software was developed for the spatial analysis of fishing catches, the estimated abundance of species by the Catch per Unit Effort (CPUE) index, and its relationship with various environmental factors (depth, type of bottom, and surface temperature of the sea) of the artisanal fishery based in the Peninsula of Araya, State of Sucre, in Venezuela. This application, named SIGPAR, was developed using Microsoft® Visual Basic 6 and IDRISI®. A menu button was added to the GIS software IDRISI® for convenience of users.Key Words: Geographic Information System (GIS), Artisanal Fisheries, Araya, Venezuela.

EVALUACIÓN DEL RIESGO ANTE INCENDIOS FORESTALES EN LA CUENCA DEL RÍO TEMPISQUE, COSTA RICA

Los incendios forestales constituyen problemas que ocasionan grandes daños ambientales sobre los ecosistemas, uno de los mayores impactos en el ambiente son los efectos sobre el cambio climático, situación que acentúa los problemas globales que atentan la vida sobre el planeta. Notoriamente, se reconoce que los incendios son un agente constante de cambios sobre los paisajes naturales y por tanto su estudio reviste importancia, ya que afectan de una manera notable la vegetación, la fauna, el suelo y aumentan el peligro de desertificación, lo que conlleva a los problemas socioeconómicos. Este artículo tiene por objetivo determinar el riesgo ante incendios forestales en la cuenca del Río Tempisque en Costa Rica, a partir de variables explicativas como la proximidad a carreteras, tipos de usos de la tierra, focos de incendios, insolación y altitud sobre el nivel de mar, modeladas con técnicas de Evaluación Multicriterio (ECM) en un Sistema de Información Geográfica (SIG).Dado que el concepto riesgo se refiere a una condición de probabilidad, en este artículo se recrea escenarios en donde podría tener lugar el fuego, los cuales se correlacionan con eventos que se han presentando en años anteriores. Se debe advertir que no se considera la variable viento como factor dispersor del fuego, ya que el objetivo es determinar lugares con condición favorable a incendio sin mediar los factores que contribuyen en su distribución.Palabras claves: incendio forestal, problema ambiental, riesgo, modelaje, sistemas de información geográfica y evaluación multicriterio.AbstractForest fires are problems that cause environmental damage to ecosystems. One of the biggest impacts is on the atmosphere and their effects on climatic change, a situation that exacerbates globalproblems perpetrated on planet life. Historically, fires are recognized as a constant agent of change Julio César Moraga Peralta Evaluación del riesgo ante incendios forestalesen la cuenca del río Tempisque, Costa Rica on the natural landscape. Therefore, fire studies are important because of the significant effect of fire on vegetation, fauna and soils and the increased danger of desertification, leading to socioeconomicproblems.This article has as its objective to determine the risk before forest fires on the Tempisque RiverBasin in Costa Rica from explanatory variables such as proximity to roads, types of land uses, fireoutbreaks, isolation and altitude above sea level, using Multicriteria Evaluation (NDE) modeling techniques in a Geographic Information System.As the term risk refers to a condition of probability, this article recreates scenarios where a fire could occur, which correlate with events that have occurred in previous years. It should be noted that the variable of wind is not considered as a fire-scattering factor since the objective of this study is to identify places with conditions already favorable to fires without a contributing factor in their distribution.Key words: forest fire, environmental problems, risk, geographical information system, multicriteria evaluation modeling, Tempisque River Basin, Costa Rica

LA MAPOTECA VIRTUAL: UN EJEMPLO DE COLABORACIÓN BAJO UNA PLATAFORMA DE SOFTWARE LIBRE

La Mapoteca Virtual es un sitio web construido sobre la plataforma Joomla, auspiciado por la Escuela de Ciencias Geográfica de la Universidad Nacional, en colaboración con UNA VIRTUAL.Este sitio pretende apoyar la labor docente al permitirle cargar y difundir cartografía digital para los estudiantes, y a los investigadores les facilita la localización de cartografía en línea, necesaria para la realización de sus trabajos en diferentes áreas del conocimiento. Adicionalmente, es un espacio para presentar documentos actuales en relación a la práctica de la cartografía y ciencias conexas, a la vez que fomenta la colaboración y el acceso libre a cartografía digital.Palabras clave: Cartografía, Joomla, Mapas digitales, Herramientas didácticas en líneaAbstractThe Virtual Map Library, www.mapoteca.geo.una.ac.cr, is a website constructed on the Joomla platform and supported by the School of Geographic Sciences at National University, Costa Rica, in collaboration with UNAVIRTUAL. The site intends to support the work of education by allowing the teacher to load and disseminate digital cartography for the students and helping geographic investigators locate cartography needed to accomplish their works in different areas of knowledge.In addition, Mapoteca offers a space to present current  documents relating to the practice of cartography and related sciences that at the same time promotes the contribution and free access to digital cartography.Key Words: Cartography, Mapoteca Virtual, Virtual Map Library, Joomla, digital maps, online teaching tools, School of Geographic Sciences, National University, Costa Rica.