Aspectos linguístico-ergonômicos em rótulos: avaliação da linguagem verbo-visual de rótulos de embalagens para alimentos achocolatados

We have been living in a world of packed products. The package and the labels support the companies to communicate with the customers in addition to give protection, storage and convenience in proportion to the products that move in the price list. The labels mainly add up a value which helps the companies differ their products and increase the value of the brands among the final customers. However, the information given in the label are not clear sometimes. It displays a verbal-visual defective language resulted from a poor visibility, legibleness and comprehensibleness of the verbal and visual marks. The aim of this research is to verify, according to the costumers‟ view, the level of the clarity in the informative texts, harmony and ergonomic conformity of the package labels in the chocolate powder of the Claralate brand, considering the linguistic aspects presented on the labels. The criteria to evaluate the chocolate package selected were based on the linguistic field: the organization and the structure of the text derided from the classification of the textual genre; the clarity and the comprehension of the language utilized on those labels. From the ergonomic view, the informative and ergonomic conformity, based on the following requirements: legibility, symbols, characters, reading fields and intermission of the written lines. Therefore, the research done july 2007 and added july 2011 had a structured questionnaire in the interview put to the 118 customers of the chocolate package that go shopping in one of the two supermarkets in Floriano, Piauí São Jorge and/or Super Quaresma. The main results of the investigation show that the linguistic aspects in the informative texts of the labels provide the customers‟ expectancy partially, while the consideration of the informative ergonomic analyzed can contribute to the improvement of the information and consequent visual progress of those, on the labels of chocolate package investigated. As recommendation towards the maker of the product, the outcome of the research indicates: harmonize the proportion of the letters and numbers; enlarge the letters size; make the visual information more comprehensive determined by the reading field; put the expiry date in a better visual place

Controle vetorial de velocidade de uma máquina de indução sem mancais trifásica com bobinado dividido utilizando estimação neural de fluxo

This work describes the study and the implementation of the vector speed control for a three-phase Bearingless induction machine with divided winding of 4 poles and 1,1 kW using the neural rotor flux estimation. The vector speed control operates together with the radial positioning controllers and with the winding currents controllers of the stator phases. For the radial positioning, the forces controlled by the internal machine magnetic fields are used. For the radial forces optimization , a special rotor winding with independent circuits which allows a low rotational torque influence was used. The neural flux estimation applied to the vector speed controls has the objective of compensating the parameter dependences of the conventional estimators in relation to the parameter machine s variations due to the temperature increases or due to the rotor magnetic saturation. The implemented control system allows a direct comparison between the respective responses of the speed and radial positioning controllers to the machine oriented by the neural rotor flux estimator in relation to the conventional flux estimator. All the system control is executed by a program developed in the ANSI C language. The DSP resources used by the system are: the Analog/Digital channels converters, the PWM outputs and the parallel and RS-232 serial interfaces, which are responsible, respectively, by the DSP programming and the data capture through the supervisory system

Metodologia para modelagem, validação e programação de controladores lógicos industriais usando statecharts básicos

Due of industrial informatics several attempts have been done to develop notations and semantics, which are used for classifying and describing different kind of system behavior, particularly in the modeling phase. Such attempts provide the infrastructure to resolve some real problems of engineering and construct practical systems that aim at, mainly, to increase the productivity, quality, and security of the process. Despite the many studies that have attempted to develop friendly methods for industrial controller programming, they are still programmed by conventional trial-and-error methods and, in practice, there is little written documentation on these systems. The ideal solution would be to use a computational environment that allows industrial engineers to implement the system using high-level language and that follows international standards. Accordingly, this work proposes a methodology for plant and control modelling of the discrete event systems that include sequential, parallel and timed operations, using a formalism based on Statecharts, denominated Basic Statechart (BSC). The methodology also permits automatic procedures to validate and implement these systems. To validate our methodology, we presented two case studies with typical examples of the manufacturing sector. The first example shows a sequential control for a tagged machine, which is used to illustrated dependences between the devices of the plant. In the second example, we discuss more than one strategy for controlling a manufacturing cell. The model with no control has 72 states (distinct configurations) and, the model with sequential control generated 20 different states, but they only act in 8 distinct configurations. The model with parallel control generated 210 different states, but these 210 configurations act only in 26 distinct configurations, therefore, one strategy control less restrictive than previous. Lastly, we presented one example for highlight the modular characteristic of our methodology, which it is very important to maintenance of applications. In this example, the sensors for identifying pieces in the plant were removed. So, changes in the control model are needed to transmit the information of the input buffer sensor to the others positions of the cell

Especificação e implementação de um modelo assíncrono para replicação, propagação e conciliação de bases de dados distribuídas

This graduate thesis proposes a model to asynchronously replicate heterogeneous databases. This model singularly combines -in a systematic way and in a single project -different concepts, techniques and paradigms related to the areas of database replication and management of heterogeneous databases. One of the main advantages of the replication is to allow applications to continue to process information, during time intervals when they are off the network and to trigger the database synchronization, as soon as the network connection is reestablished. Therefore, the model introduces a communication and update protocol that takes in consideration the environment of asynchronous characteristics used. As part of the work, a tool was developed in Java language, based on the model s premises in order to process, test, simulate and validate the proposed model

Controle vetorial de velocidade de um motor de indução trifásico com estimação neural de fluxo

This work describes the study and the implementation of the speed control for a three-phase induction motor of 1,1 kW and 4 poles using the neural rotor flux estimation. The vector speed control operates together with the winding currents controller of the stator phasis. The neural flux estimation applied to the vector speed controls has the objective of compensating the parameter dependences of the conventional estimators in relation to the parameter machine s variations due to the temperature increases or due to the rotor magnetic saturation. The implemented control system allows a direct comparison between the respective responses of the speed controls to the machine oriented by the neural rotor flux estimator in relation to the conventional flux estimator. All the system control is executed by a program developed in the ANSI C language. The main DSP recources used by the system are, respectively, the Analog/Digital channels converters, the PWM outputs and the parallel and RS-232 serial interfaces, which are responsible, respectively, by the DSP programming and the data capture through the supervisory system

Análise de desempenho de sistemas distribuídos de grande porte na plataforma Java

The lava Platform is increasing1y being adopted in the development of distributed sys¬tems with higb user demando This kind of application is more complex because it needs beyond attending the functional requirements, to fulfil1 the pre-established performance parameters. This work makes a study on the Java Vutual Machine (JVM), approaching its intemal aspects and exploring the garbage collection strategies existing in the literature and used by the NM. It also presents a set of tools that helps in the job of optimizing applications and others that help in the monitoring of applications in the production envi¬ronment. Doe to the great amount of technologies that aim to solve problems which are common to the application layer, it becomes difficult to choose the one with best time response and less memory usage. This work presents a brief introduction to each one of tbe possible technologies and realize comparative tests through a statistical analysis of the response time and garbage collection activity random variables. The obtained results supply engineers and managers with a subside to decide which technologies to use in large applications through the knowledge of how they behave in their environments and the amount of resources that they consume. The relation between the productivity of the technology and its performance is also considered ao important factor in this choice

Ambiente para desenvolvimento de aplicações fuzzy industriais

This paper describes the design, implementation and enforcement of a system for industrial process control based on fuzzy logic and developed using Java, with support for industrial communication protocol through the OPC (Ole for Process Control). Besides the java framework, the software is completely independent from other platforms. It provides friendly and functional tools for modeling, construction and editing of complex fuzzy inference systems, and uses these logical systems in control of a wide variety of industrial processes. The main requirements of the developed system should be flexibility, robustness, reliability and ease of expansion

Utilização de modelos de programação não-linear para sistematização de terras para irrigação em áreas regulares

Objetivou-se com este trabalho, desenvolver modelos de programação não-linear para sistematização de terras, aplicáveis para áreas com formato regular e que minimizem a movimentação de terra, utilizando o software GAMS para o cálculo. Esses modelos foram comparados com o Método dos Quadrados Mínimos Generalizado, desenvolvido por Scaloppi & Willardson (1986), sendo o parâmetro de avaliação o volume de terra movimentado. Concluiu-se que, ambos os modelos de programação não-linear desenvolvidos nesta pesquisa mostraram-se adequados para aplicação em áreas regulares e forneceram menores valores de movimentação de terra quando comparados com o método dos quadrados mínimos.

Modelo de programação linear para seleção de pulverizadores agrícolas de barras

A seleção de pulverizadores agrícolas que se adaptem às necessidades da propriedade, é um processo trabalhoso, sendo uma das etapas mais importantes dentro do processo produtivo. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi o de desenvolver e utilizar um modelo de programação linear para auxiliar na seleção de pulverizadores agrícolas de barras, baseado no menor custo horário do equipamento. Foram utilizadas as informações técnicas referentes a 20 modelos de pulverizadores disponíveis no mercado, sendo quatro autopropelidos, oito de arrasto e oito do tipo montado. A análise de sensibilidade dos componentes dos custos operacionais mostrou que as taxas de reparo e depreciação foram os fatores que mais interferiram na variação do custo horário do conjunto trator-pulverizador. O modelo matemático desenvolvido facilitou a realização da análise de sensibilidade que foi processada em um tempo muito pequeno.

Distribuição da carga hidráulica em linhas de derivação otimizadas por programação linear

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Estudo e implementação em plantas físicas de um controlador preditivo generalizado com restrições

This work shows a study about the Generalized Predictive Controllers with Restrictions and their implementation in physical plants. Three types of restrictions will be discussed: restrictions in the variation rate of the signal control, restrictions in the amplitude of the signal control and restrictions in the amplitude of the Out signal (plant response). At the predictive control, the control law is obtained by the minimization of an objective function. To consider the restrictions, this minimization of the objective function is done by the use of a method to solve optimizing problems with restrictions. The chosen method was the Rosen Algorithm (based on the Gradient-projection). The physical plants in this study are two didactical systems of water level control. The first order one (a simple tank) and another of second order, which is formed by two tanks connected in cascade. The codes are implemented in C++ language and the communication with the system to be done through using a data acquisition panel offered by the system producer

Ambiente de desenvolvimentoweb multiplataforma configurável para robótica educacional

We propose an online configurable multiplatform development environment specifically developed for educational robotics applications. The environment, which appears as an extension of RoboEduc software, allows the programming of several programmable robots to be performed using the R-Educ language. We make it possible for the user to program in the language R-Educ and then translate the code to a language previously registered, compiled and then sent or executed by the robot. To develop this work, we conducted a bibliographic research about the main programming languages used in robotics, as well as their definitions and paradigms, from which it was possible to define a set of patterns considered important for the creation of this environment. Then, in the software development phase, we implemented the development environment, bearing in mind the requirements and functionality defined in the design phase. Finally, to validate the platform, we conducted some trials of programming languages and verificate if the complete cycle was satisfied - registration of language, programming in R-Educ, compilation for the registered language, compilation to the machine code and send the code for the robot

Otimização de um sistema de distribuição predial de água fria: estudo de caso

This dissertation presents a methodology to the optimization of a predial system of cold water distribution. It s about a study of a case applied to the Tropical Buzios Residential Condominium, located in the Búzio s Beach, Nísia Floresta city, the east coast of the Rio Grande do Norte state, twenty kilometers far from Natal. The design of cold water distribution networks according to Norm NBR 5626 of the ABNT - Brazilian Association of Techniques Norms, does not guarantee that the joined solution is the optimal solution of less cost. It s necessary the use of an optimization methodology, that supplies us, between all the possible solutions, the minimum cost solution. In the optimization process of the predial system of water distribution of the Tropical Búzios Condominium, is used Method Granados, that is an iterative algorithm of optimization, based on the Dynamic Programming, that supplies the minimum cost s network, in function of the piezometric quota of the reservoir. For the application of this Method in ramifies networks, is used a program of computer in C language. This process is divided in two stages: attainment of the previous solution and reduction of the piezometric quota of headboard. In the attainment of the previous solution, the minors possible diameters are used that guarantee the limit of maximum speed and the requirements of minimum pressures. The piezometric quota of headboard is raised to guarantee these requirements. In the second stage of the Granados Method, an iterative process is used and it objective is to reduce the quota of headboard gradually, considering the substitution of stretches of the network pipes for the subsequent diameters, considering a minimum addition of the network cost. The diameter change is made in the optimal stretch that presents the lesser Exchange Gradient. The process is locked up when the headboard quota of desired is reached. The optimized network s material costs are calculated, and is made the analysis of the same ones, through the comparison with the conventional network s costs

Linguagem matemática: uma proposta de ensino e avaliação da compreensão leitora dos objetos da matemática

This paper discusses aspects related to the mathematical language and its understanding, in particular, by students of final years of elementary school. Accordingly, we aimed to develop a proposal for teaching, substantiated by mathematical modeling activities and reading, which takes advantage of the student of elementary school a better understanding of mathematical language for the content of proportion. We also aim to build / propose parameters for the assessment of reading proficiency of the language of the student in analyzing and modeling process, its ability to develop/improve/enhance this proficiency. For this purpose, we develop a qualitative research, with procedures for an action research whose analysis of the data is configured as Content Analysis. We refer to epistemological and didactic, in the studies: Piaget (1975, 1990), Vygotsky (1991, 2001), Bakhtin (2006), Freire (1974, 1994), Bicudo and Garnica (2006), Smole and Diniz (2001), Barbosa (2001), Burak (1992), Biembengut (2004), Bassanezi (2002), Carrasco (2006), Becker (2010), Zuin and Reyes (2010), among others. We understand that to acquire new knowledge one must learn to read and reading to learn it, this process is essential for the development of reading proficiency of a person. Modeling, in turn, is a process which enables contact with different forms of reading providing elements favorable to the development here mentioned. The evaluation parameters we use to analyze the level of reading proficiency of mathematical language proved to be effective and therefore a valuable tool that allows the teacher an efficient evaluation and whose results can guide you better in the planning and execution of their practice

Expressão e conhecimento: a linguagem na Fenomenologia da Percepção

Este artigo destina-se ao estudo das análises que o filósofo Maurice Merleau-Ponty dedica ao tema da linguagem no livro Fenomenologia da percepção. O filósofo parte da discussão de pesquisas relativas à psicopatologia da linguagem. Nelas, afirma-se que os doentes estariam limitados a uma atitude concreta e, portanto, impedidos de efetuar as formas do comportamento simbólico. Merleau-Ponty adota uma postura crítica em relação à inspiração intelectualista que perpassa essa caracterização e estende suas críticas à psicologia genética de Piaget. É ao registro do gesto que o filósofo vincula a linguagem, enfatizando o seu caráter intencional.