Use of comet assay to assess DNA damage in patients infected by Helicobacter pylori - Comparisons between visual and image analyses

Studies of DNA damage in gastric epithelial cells of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-infected patients are conflicting, possibly due to different methods used for scoring DNA damage by Comet assay. Therefore, we compared the sensitivity of visual microscopic analysis (arbitrary units-scores and comets%) and image analysis system (tail moment), in the gastric epithelial cells from the antrum and corpus of 122 H. pylori-infected and 32 non-infected patients. The feasibility of cryopreserved peripheral blood lymphocytes and whole-blood cells for DNA damage biomonitoring was also investigated. In the antrum, the levels of DNA damage were significantly higher in H. pylori-infected patients with gastritis than in non-infected patients with normal mucosa, when evaluated by image analysis system, arbitrary units and comets%. In the corpus, the comets% was not sufficiently sensitive to detect the difference between H. pylori-infected patients with gastritis and non-infected patients with normal mucosa. The image analysis system was sensitive enough to detect differences between non-infected patients and H. pylori-infected patients with mild gastritis and between infected patients with moderate and severe gastritis, in both antrum, and corpus, while arbitrary units and comets% were unable to detect these differences. In cryopreserved peripheral blood lymphocytes, the levels of DNA damage (tail moment) were significantly higher in H. pylori-infected patients with moderate and severe gastritis than in non-infected patients. Overall, our results indicate that the image analysis system is more sensitive and adequate to measure the levels of DNA damage in gastric epithelial cells than the other methods assayed. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

HIV attitudes and practices among professors in a Brazilian dental school.

Although there is considerable published research on Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), individual biases persist because of lack of information regarding HIV virus transmission. As a result, both infected patients and health care professionals suffer. The objective of this study was to determine if there is prejudice among university professors at the School of Dentistry at Aracatuba's Sao Paulo State University (FOA-UNESP) concerning HIV-positive patients or HIV-positive health care professionals. Out of the seventy-seven professors who responded to the questionnaire, 62.3 percent (forty-eight) stated that they advise their students not to refuse to treat a patient with HIV. Although 96.2 percent (fifty-two) of the fifty-four professors who treat patients have reported that they treat patients who are HIV-positive, only 65.3 percent of them were aware of infection control precautions, and only 32.7 percent reported that they would treat an HIV-positive patient like any other patient. There is also prejudice regarding HIV-positive professionals because only 48.1 percent (thirty-seven) of the professors responded that they would be willing to be treated by an infected professional. It can be concluded that there is prejudice among some of the FOA-UNESP university professors regarding individuals who are HIV-positive.

Dentistry and HIV: University professors' role in establishing a basis for judgment

The aim of this study was to determine whether there are differences in the attitudes of Dentistry School Professors from two universities, one private and one public concerning HIV-positive patients or HIV-positive health care professionals. A questionnaire Was handled to all profession at the Araçatuba Dental School of São Paulo State University - FOA-UNESP (public) and Lins Dental School of the Piracicaba Methodist University - FOL-UNIMEP (private). When asked if they would be willing to be treated by an HIV-infected health care professional, 38.9% of the 77 professors at FOA-UNESP replied that they would accept only non-invasive treatments and 13% would not accept any kind of treatment; the same applied to 42.4% and 15.2% of the 33 FOL-UNIMEP professors. Among the 54 professors at FOA-UNESP and 27 at FOL-UNIMEP providing clinical service, only 31.5% and 18.5% stated that they treat HIV-infected persons like any other patient. The results were very similar in both schools. Although they reported that they taught their students not to act in a discriminatory manner towards HIV-positive patient the professors themselves showed prejudice towards infected patients and professionals. Consequently, this topic trust be further debated in the academic milieu.

Prevalência e fatores associados á verrugas anogenitais em homens portadores de HIV/AIDS atendidos em serviço especializado

Pós-graduação em Doenças Tropicais - FMB

Atividade física e lipodistrofia em portadores de HIV/AIDS submetidos à terapia anti-retroviral

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Caracterização molecular do arco da alça V3 da gp 120 do HIV-1

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Perfil de resistência genótica do HIV-1 em pacientes com falha na terapia antirretroviral atendidos pela Rede Nacional de Genotipagem (RENAGENO) na região de Botucatu, SP-Brasil

Pós-graduação em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (Biotecnologia Médica) - FMB

Ferritina como marcador de risco cardiovascular em pacientes soropositivos para HIV com lipodistrofia

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Perfil nutricional de pacientes infectados por HIV hospitalizados e comparação do desempenho de diferentes indicadores de estado nutricional

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Estudo das alterações linfocitárias CD4/CD8 e carga viral em pacientes co-infectados HIV/Mycobacterium tuberculosis associadas a frequência de mutações na região Pol do HIV-1

Pós-graduação em Biociências e Biotecnologia Aplicadas à Farmácia - FCFAR

Qualidade de vida de indivíduos infectados pelo HIV com ou sem tratmento anti-retroviral

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Aplicação do instrumento HAT-QoL para análise da qualidade de vida de mulheres com infecção pelo HIV, ou com AIDS e sua correlação com variáveis sócio-demográficas, epidemiológicas e clínicas

Pós-graduação em Doenças Tropicais - FMB

Characterization of polymorphisms in the mannose-binding lectin gene promoter among human immunodeficiency virus 1 infected subjects

ABSTRACT: The present study investigated the prevalence of mutations in the -550 (H/L) and -221 (X/Y) mannose-binding lectin (MBL) gene promoter regions and their impact on infection by human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) in a population of 128 HIV-1 seropositive and 97 seronegative patients. The allele identification was performed through the sequence-specific primer polymerase chain reaction method, using primer sequences specific to each polymorphism. The evolution of the infection was evaluated through CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts and plasma viral load. The allele and haplotype frequencies among HIV-1-infected patients and seronegative healthy control patients did not show significant differences. CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts showed lower levels among seropositive patients carrying haplotypes LY, LX and HX, as compared to those carrying the HY haplotype. Mean plasma viral load was higher among seropositive patients with haplotypes LY, LX and HX than among those carrying the HY haplotype. When promoter and exon 1 mutations were matched, it was possible to identify a significantly higher viral load among HIV-1 infected individuals carrying haplotypes correlated to low serum levels of MBL. The current study shows that haplotypes related to medium and low MBL serum levels might directly influence the evolution of viral progression in patients. Therefore, it is suggested that the identification of haplotypes within the promoter region of the MBL gene among HIV-1 infected persons should be further evaluated as a prognostic tool for AIDS progression.

Polymorphism in the promoter region of the mannose-binding lectin gene among human T-cell lymphotropic virus infected subjects

ABSTRACT: The present study investigated the frequency of the mutations at positions -550 and -221 of the mannose-binding lectin (MBL) gene in a sample of 75 human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) infected patients and 96 HTLV seronegative controls, in order to evaluate the occurrence of a possible association between the polymorphism and HTLV infection. A sequence specific primer-polymerase chain reaction was used for discrimination of the polymorphism. The analysis of allele frequencies at position -550 did not show any significant differences between HTLV infected group and controls, but there was a significant difference at position -221. The comparative analysis of haplotypes frequencies were not significant, but the genotype frequencies between the two groups, revealed a higher prevalence of genotype LYLX (25.3%), associated with medium and low MBL serum levels among HTLV infected subjects. The odds ratio estimation demonstrated that the presence of genotype LYLX was associated with an increased risk of HTLV infection (p = 0.0096; 1.38 < IC95% < 7.7605). There was no association between proviral load and the promoter polymorphism, but when promoter and exon 1 mutations were matched, it was possible to identify a significant higher proviral load among HTLV infected individuals carrying haplotypes correlated to low serum levels of MBL. The present study shows that the polymorphism in the promoter region of the MBL gene may be a genetic marker associated with HTLV infection, and emphasizes the need for further studies to determinate if the present polymorphism have any impact on diseases linked to HTLV infection.

Co-infecção vírus da imunodeficiência humana e vírus da hepatite C (HIV/HCV): aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e laboratoriais de uma população atendida em um serviço de hepatopatias na cidade de Belém-Pará

A infecção pelo Vírus da imunodeficiência humana 1 (HIV -1) em associação com a do Vírus da hepatite C (HCV) representa, atualmente, uma comorbidade que pode interferir principalmente na história natural da hepatite C. Este trabalho tem como objetivo descrever aspectos demográfico, clínico e laboratorial, incluindo exame histopatológico de pacientes coinfectados HIV/RCV. No período de agosto de 2004 a dezembro de 2006, 36 pacientes coinfectados, foram selecionados para o estudo. Noventa e dois por cento desses pacientes eram procedentes de Belém, com média de idade de 42 anos. Entre as principais informações demográficas da população estudada, foram identificados 72,52% solteiros, 83,5% do sexo masculino e 61,1% relataram ser heterossexuais. Entre os fatores de risco para o HCV o uso de drogas ilícitas injetáveis foi identificado em 41,7% dos casos, o uso de cocaína intranasal foi relatado por 38,9% dos pacientes, e o compartilhamento de seringas e material pessoal, em 38,9% dos casos. A história de etilismo em 77,8% e o uso de TARV foram os possíveis fatores agravantes mais frequentes para a doença hepática. Apenas um paciente apresentou sinais clínicos de insuficiência hepática crônica. Entre os testes bioquímicos hepáticos, a mediana de ALT e AST foi de 68UI/L e 61UI/L, respectivamente. Os níveis de linfócitos T CD4+ apresentaram mediana de 327 células/mm³, a carga viral do HIV com mediana de 2,53 logl0 cópias/mL (ep=0,34), carga viral do HCV com mediana de 5,9 log10UI/mL. O genótipo 1 do HCV foi o mais frequente (58,82%). Cinqüenta e sete por cento dos pacientes submetidos à biópsia hepática apresentavam fibrose de moderada a severa, e 11% não apresentaram fibrose pela classificação MET AVIR. Houve associação entre níveis de linfócitos T CD4+ e níveis de ALT e de AST (p=0,0009 e p=0,0002, respectivamente), assim como associação entre genótipo 1 do HCV e HCV-RNA maior ou igual a 6 log10 UI/mL (p=0.0039). Foi observada também associação entre HCV-RNA e HIV-RNA (p=0,039). Os pacientes apresentam estado geral bom, imunologicamente estáveis, sem sinais de descompensação hepática, mas com alterações estruturais hepáticas importantes, sendo portanto bons candidatos à terapia antiviral para o HCV. Futuros estudos, talvez de caso controle, com casuística maior são necessários para melhor entendimento da co-infecção HIV/HCV.