Copernicus In Situ TAC, Real Time Quality Control for WAVES

In April 2017, CMEMS plans to launch the WAVES NRT products. This document is focused in the automatic RTQC of the collected wave data. The validation procedure includes the delayed mode quality control of the data and will be specified in another guideline. To perform any kind of quality control to wave data, first it’s necessary to know the nature of the measurements and the analysis performed to those measurements to obtain the wave parameters. For that reason next chapter is dedicated to show the usual wave analysis and the different parameters and estimators obtained.

La participación ciudadana en la planificación urbana y los procedimientos derivados del reglamento del paisaje de la Comunidad Valenciana. ¿Una posibilidad para cambiar de modelo?

La aprobación del Reglamento del paisaje de la Comunidad Valenciana (D. 120/2006, de 11 de agosto de la Generalitat Valenciana) introdujo los estudios del paisaje en la planificación territorial. La base de los estudios del paisaje se asienta en la participación ciudadana, por lo que este hecho ha supuesto un nuevo planteamiento para abordar la planificación territorial a diversas escalas. En esta comunicación, el principal objetivo es mostrar las posibilidades y limitaciones de la gestión territorial participativa emanadas del Reglamento del Paisaje de la Comunidad Valenciana.

Plano de comunicação integrada de marketing para a empresa Extra Time Solutions, Lda

Mestrado em Marketing

Revisión metodológica para escribir y publicar casos clínicos: aplicaciones en el ámbito de la nutrición

Introducción: en la actualidad, los casos clínicos suponen una importante herramienta docente con aplicaciones prácticas y contribuyen a la expansión del conocimiento de los profesionales de la salud. Objetivos: revisar la metodología de elaboración de casos clínicos, mostrando las similitudes y diferencias en los criterios de formato y contenido que son solicitados para que los reportes de casos sean publicados. Metodología: revisión bibliográfica en PubMed y Scielo entre 2005-2015, y rastreo manual de aquellas referencias más relevantes de los artículos seleccionados. Criterios de inclusión: artículos originales/revisiones bibliográficas en inglés/español/portugués publicados en cualquier país y que incluyan guías o recomendaciones sobre la redacción de casos clínicos. Resultados: se encontraron 131 artículos, de ellos, 20 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión, añadiendo cinco artículos por rastreo manual. Las variables descritas fueron: objetivo, recomendaciones y conclusiones, presentadas en tres tablas: 1. Publicaciones referentes internacionales; 2. Revistas internacionales y 3. Revistas latinoamericanas. Discusión: existen referentes internacionales que proporcionan directrices muy concretas cuando se precisa escribir y publicar un caso clínico. Tanto los referentes internacionales como las recomendaciones analizadas son coincidentes en su utilidad, aunque no existe una estandarización en su metodología. Son muy pocas las directrices que mencionan incluir el tratamiento dietético, el seguimiento y la evolución del mismo durante la situación clínica. Conclusiones: se recomienda a los autores interesados en describir un caso clínico cuyo tratamiento sea principalmente nutricional, seguir una guía ajustada a la situación clínica a presentar, siendo la guía CARE una buena opción.

Ingestion rates of Artemia nauplii for different larval stages of Macrobrachium rosenbergii

The functional response between ingestion rate and food concentration was determined for each larval stage of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Artemia franciscana nauplii were supplied at 2,4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 per milliliter. The nauplii were counted by sight using a Pasteur pipette and transferred to Petri dishes containing 40 ml of brackish water (12 parts per thousand) lying on the top of black plastic. One larva at each stage was individually placed into each Petri dish containing different food density. After 24 h, each larva was removed from the Petri dish and the leftover nauplii were counted. The amount consumed was determined by the difference between the initial and final number of nauplii. Ingestion rate (I) increased as food density (P) increased and was defined by the model I=I-m(1-e(-kP)). The results suggest four levels of ingestion during larval development. The first level includes stages II, III and IV, with average maximum consumption of about 40 nauplii/day; the second level includes stages V and VI, with consumption of approximately 55 nauplii/day; the third level includes stages VII and VIII, with consumption of 80-100 nauplii/day. The fourth level includes stages IX, X and XI, in which the high values for maximum ingestion (Im) exceed the load capacity of the medium. The low values for constant k (that may correspond to the adaptability of the food to prey characteristics, such as, size, mobility, etc.) obtained for stages IX, X and XI indicated that Artemia is not an adequate prey and there is necessity of a supplementary diet. The best relationship between predator and prey seemed to occur during stage IV Results obtained in the present work may subsidize future researches and serve as a guideline for practical considerations of feeding rates. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. B.V. All rights reserved.

Enseñanza de la multiplicación desde un enfoque constructivista en tercero y cuarto año de Educación General Básica

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo demostrar teóricamente la importancia de la enseñanza de la multiplicación a partir de un enfoque constructivista en el tercero y cuarto año de Educación General Básica, años en los que esta enseñanza se profundiza. En efecto, este trabajo monográfico busca responder a las siguientes interrogantes: ¿En qué consiste la multiplicación y su proceso? ¿Cuál es la diferencia de enseñar la multiplicación desde un enfoque tradicional y un enfoque constructivo? Según la Actualización y Fortalecimiento Curricular (2010): ¿Cómo se debe desarrollar su proceso de enseñanza? ¿Qué estrategias se pueden utilizar para trabajar en la comprensión de la multiplicación en el tercero y cuarto año de Educación General Básica? Para responder estas preguntas se recurre a la revisión de información bibliográfica procedente de revistas, libros y artículos de diferentes autores, que facilitan cumplir con los objetivos planteados. Finalmente, se concluye que la enseñanza - aprendizaje basada en los lineamientos del enfoque pedagógico constructivista tiene como resultado la comprensión que los estudiantes necesitan tener hacia la multiplicación para poder utilizarla en su vida académica y cotidiana. Por tal razón se afirma que, la importancia de enseñar la multiplicación desde un enfoque constructivista se fundamenta en que este lineamiento pedagógico propende el uso de dicha operación matemática en la resolución de problemas, desarrollando así su pensamiento lógico – matemático y el razonamiento, a diferencia de lo que ocurre con el tradicionalismo en el que se memoriza por corto plazo.

Modèles organisationnels et compétences infirmières en gestion de lits

Travail dirigé présenté à la Faculté des sciences infirmières en vue de l’obtention du grade de Maître ès sciences (M.Sc.) en sciences infirmières option formation des sciences infirmières

Site Specifc Growth of Metal Catalyzed Silica Nanowires for Biological and Chemical Sensing

In this research the integration of nanostructures and micro-scale devices was investigated using silica nanowires to develop a simple yet robust nanomanufacturing technique for improving the detection parameters of chemical and biological sensors. This has been achieved with the use of a dielectric barrier layer, to restrict nanowire growth to site-specific locations which has removed the need for post growth processing, by making it possible to place nanostructures on pre-pattern substrates. Nanowires were synthesized using the Vapor-Liquid-Solid growth method. Process parameters (temperature and time) and manufacturing aspects (structural integrity and biocompatibility) were investigated. Silica nanowires were observed experimentally to determine how their physical and chemical properties could be tuned for integration into existing sensing structures. Growth kinetic experiments performed using gold and palladium catalysts at 1050 ˚C for 60 minutes in an open-tube furnace yielded dense and consistent silica nanowire growth. This consistent growth led to the development of growth model fitting, through use of the Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) and Bayesian hierarchical modeling. Transmission electron microscopy studies revealed the nanowires to be amorphous and X-ray diffraction confirmed the composition to be SiO2 . Silica nanowires were monitored in epithelial breast cancer media using Impedance spectroscopy, to test biocompatibility, due to potential in vivo use as a diagnostic aid. It was found that palladium catalyzed silica nanowires were toxic to breast cancer cells, however, nanowires were inert at 1µg/mL concentrations. Additionally a method for direct nanowire integration was developed that allowed for silica nanowires to be grown directly into interdigitated sensing structures. This technique eliminates the need for physical nanowire transfer thus preserving nanowire structure and performance integrity and further reduces fabrication cost. Successful nanowire integration was physically verified using Scanning electron microscopy and confirmed electrically using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy of immobilized Prostate Specific Antigens (PSA). The experiments performed above serve as a guideline to addressing the metallurgic challenges in nanoscale integration of materials with varying composition and to understanding the effects of nanomaterials on biological structures that come in contact with the human body.

Modèles organisationnels et compétences infirmières en gestion de lits

Travail dirigé présenté à la Faculté des sciences infirmières en vue de l’obtention du grade de Maître ès sciences (M.Sc.) en sciences infirmières option formation des sciences infirmières

Biomethane production from macroalgae

Irish brown seaweeds have been identified as a potential bio-resource with potentially high specific methane yields. Anaerobic digestion is deemed the most feasible technology due to its commercial viability for handling such wet feedstock. However, the biomethane potential of seaweed is highly dependent on its chemical composition which can vary by species type, cultivation method, and time of harvest. This study aims to investigate and optimize the process for the production of biomethane from Irish brown seaweeds focusing on the key technology bottlenecks including for seaweed characterization, biomethane potential assessment, optimization of long-term anaerobic digestion and suitable pre-treatment technologies to enhance potential gas yields. Laminaria digitata and Ascophyllum nodosum were tested for seasonal variation. From the characterization and batch digestion of L. digitata, August was found to be the optimal month for harvest due to high organic matter content, low level of ash and ultimately highest biomethane yield. The specific methane yield of 53 m3 CH4 t-1 wwt in August was 4.5 times higher than the yield in December (12 m3 CH4 t-1 wwt), with ash content the key factor in seasonal variation. For A. nodosum, the optimal harvest month was October with polyphenol content found to be a more influential factor than ash. The gross energy yields from both species were evaluated in the range of 116-200 GJ ha-1 yr-1. Continuous digestion trials were subsequently designed for S. latissima and L. digitata to optimize the key digestion parameters. Results from mono-digestion and co-digestion with dairy slurry revealed that both seaweeds could be digested at maximum biomethane efficiency to a loading rate of 4 kg VS m-3 d-1. Accumulation of salt in the digesters was a concern for long term digestion and it was reasoned that suitable pretreatment may be required prior to digestion. Various pre-treatments were subsequently tested on L. digitata to enhance the gas yield. It was found that maceration after hot water washing yielded 25% more specific methane and up to 54% salt removal as compared to untreated L. digitata. The experiments undertaken aim to assist in providing a basic guideline for feasible design and operation of seaweed digesters in Ireland.

Exploring the relationship between patterns of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and cardiometabolic health in middle-aged Irish adults

Background and Study Rationale Being physically active is a major contributor to both physical and mental health. More specifically, being physically active lowers risk of coronary heart disease, high blood pressure, stroke, metabolic syndrome (MetS), diabetes, certain cancers and depression, and increases cognitive function and wellbeing. The physiological mechanisms that occur in response to physical activity and the impact of total physical activity and sedentary behaviour on cardiometabolic health have been extensively studied. In contrast, limited data evaluating the specific effects of daily and weekly patterns of physical behaviour on cardiometabolic health exist. Additionally, no other study has examined interrelated patterns and minute-by-minute accumulation of physical behaviour throughout the day across week days in middle-aged adults. Study Aims The overarching aims of this thesis are firstly to describe patterns of behaviour throughout the day and week, and secondly to explore associations between these patterns and cardiometabolic health in a middle-aged population. The specific objectives are to: 1 Compare agreement between the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) and GENEActiv accelerometer-derived moderate-to-vigorous (MVPA) activity and secondly to compare their associations with a range of cardiometabolic and inflammatory markers in middle-aged adults. 2 Determine a suitable monitoring frame needed to reliably capture weekly, accelerometer-measured, activity in our population. 3 Identify groups of participants who have similar weekly patterns of physical behaviour, and determine if underlying patterns of cardiometabolic profiles exist among these groups. 4 Explore the variation of physical behaviour throughout the day to identify whether daily patterns of physical behaviour vary by cardiometabolic health. Methods All results in this thesis are based on data from a subsample of the Mitchelstown Cohort; 475 (46.1% males; mean aged 59.7±5.5 years) middle-aged Irish adults. Subjective physical activity levels were assessed using the IPAQ-SF. Participants wore the wrist GENEActiv accelerometer for 7 consecutive days. Data was collected at 100Hz and summarised into a signal magnitude vector using 60s epochs. Each time interval was categorised based on validated cut-offs. Data on cardiometabolic and inflammatory markers was collected according to standard protocol. Cardiometabolic outcomes (obesity, diabetes, hypertension and MetS) were defined according to internationally recognised definitions by World Health Organisation (WHO) and Irish Diabetes Federation (IDF). Results The results of the first chapter suggest that the IPAQ-SF lacks the sensitivity to assess patterning of activity and guideline adherence and assessing the relationship with cardiometabolic and inflammatory markers. Furthermore, GENEActiv accelerometer-derived MVPA appears to be better at detecting relationships with cardiometabolic and inflammatory markers. The second chapter examined variations in day-to-day physical behaviour levels between- and within-subjects. The main findings were that Sunday differed from all other days in the week for sedentary behaviour and light activity and that a large within-subject variation across days of the week for vigorous activity exists. Our data indicate that six days of monitoring, four weekdays plus Saturday and Sunday, are required to reliably estimate weekly habitual activity in all activity intensities. In the next chapter, latent profile analysis of weekly, interrelated patterns of physical behaviour identified four distinct physical behaviour patterns; Sedentary Group (15.9%), Sedentary; Lower Activity Group (28%), Sedentary; Higher Activity Group (44.2%) and a Physically Active Group (11.9%). Overall the Sedentary Group had poorer outcomes, characterised by unfavourable cardiometabolic and inflammatory profiles. The remaining classes were characterised by healthier cardiometabolic profiles with lower sedentary behaviour levels. The final chapter, which aimed to compare daily cumulative patterns of minute-by-minute physical behaviour intensities across those with and without MetS, revealed significant differences in weekday and weekend day MVPA. In particular, those with MetS start accumulating MVPA later in the day and for a shorted day period. Conclusion In conclusion, the results of this thesis add to the evidence base regards an optimal monitoring period for physical behaviour measurement to accurately capture weekly physical behaviour patterns. In addition, the results highlight whether weekly and daily distribution of activity is associated with cardiometabolic health and inflammatory profiles. The key findings of this thesis demonstrate the importance of daily and weekly physical behaviour patterning of activity intensity in the context of cardiometabolic health risk. In addition, these findings highlight the importance of using physical behaviour patterns of free-living adults observed in a population-based study to inform and aid health promotion activity programmes and primary care prevention and treatment strategies and development of future tailored physical activity based interventions.