Le Tot��misme hier : obsessions na��ves d'un d��bat anthropologique

Les Carnets de B��rose. (1913. La Recomposition de la science de l'Homme,sous la direction de Christine Lauri��re).

Estudo das Perce����es dos profissionais I-D sobre a qualidade da Informa����o e o seu impacto no desempenho dos servi��os

O estudo da perce����o dos Profissionais I-D sobre a qualidade da informa����o no desempenho das suas fun����es insere-se numa estrat��gia de investiga����o emergente em Portugal de gest��o baseada em evid��ncias, em que se pretende estudar e debater a problem��tica da qualidade da informa����o na forma����o dos futuros Profissionais da Informa����o. O universo estudado �� o grupo de licenciados em Ci��ncias da Informa����o e da Documenta����o pela Universidade Aberta que colaborou por meio da realiza����o de um question��rio atrav��s do Google Drive. �� objetivo deste trabalho determinar a import��ncia das dimens��es da qualidade de informa����o em v��rios e heterog��neos dom��nios, nomeadamente; na tomada de decis��o, na gest��o da informa����o e no impacto no desempenho, seja em contexto privado ou laboral. As dimens��es consideradas relevantes pelos respondentes foram as seguintes: qualidade da informa����o, quantidade de informa����o, acessibilidade, disponibilidade, usabilidade, compreens��o, relev��ncia, formato, concis��o, impacto individual, aprendizagem, efic��cia na decis��o, impacto organizacional, tempo de resposta, objetividade e credibilidade da informa����o. Existe uma perce����o generalizada na amostra estudada para que a qualidade da informa����o seja associada ��s caracter��sticas de fiabilidade, organiza����o, concis��o, facilidade de obten����o, pertin��ncia, rapidez e seguran��a. Com efeito, �� relevante e de indesment��vel import��ncia discutir no contexto acad��mico o valor da informa����o por meio da avalia����o dos seus atributos de qualidade, a fim de se dinamizarem novos indicadores e desempenhos que apontem para a efetividade das informa����es que s��o disponibilizadas em m��ltiplas situa����es informacionais.

Hepatitis D virus infection in the Western Brazilian Amazon - far from a vanishing disease

INTRODUCTION: A decline in hepatitis D virus (HDV) occurrence was described in Europe and Asia. We estimated HDV prevalence in the Brazilian Amazon following hepatitis B vaccination. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional survey of HDV measured by total antibodies to HDV (anti-HD T). RESULTS: HDV prevalence was 41.9% whiting HBsAg carries and was associated with age (PR = 1.96; 95% CI 1.12-3.42; p = 0.01), hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (PR = 4.38; 95% CI 3.12-6.13; p < 0.001), and clinical hepatitis (PR =1.44; 95% CI 1.03-2.00; p = 0.03). Risk factors were related to HDV biology, clinical or demographic aspects such as underlying HBV infection, clinical hepatitis and age. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated that HDV infection continues to be an important health issue in the Brazilian Amazon and that the implementation of the HBV vaccination in rural L��brea had little or no impact on the spread of HDV. This shows that HDV has not yet disappeared from HBV hyperendemic areas and reminding that it is far from being a vanishing disease in the Amazon basin.

Overcoming the ���European Paradox���: The role of Regional Innovation Systems (RIS) in translating R&D investments into economic and employment growth

The emergence of the so-called ���European Paradox��� shows that R&D investment is not maximally effective and that increasing the scale of public R&D expenditures is not sufficient to generate employment and sustained economic growth. Increasing Governmental R&D Investment is far from being a ���panacea��� for stagnant growth. It is worth noting that Government R&D Investment does not have a statistically significant impact on employment, indicating the need to assess the trade-offs of policies that could lead to significant increases in government expenditure. Surprisingly, Governmental R&D Employment does not contribute to ���mass-market��� employment, despite its quite important role in reducing Youth-Unemployment. Despite the negative side-effects of Governmental R&D Employment on both GVA and GDP, University R&D Employment appears to have a quite important role in reducing Unemployment, especially Youth-Unemployment, while it also does not have a downside in terms of economic growth. Technological Capacity enhancement is the most effective instrument for reducing Unemployment and is a policy without any downside regarding sustainable economical development. In terms of wider policy implications, the results reinforce the idea that European Commission Research and Innovation policies must be restructured, shifting from a transnational framework to a more localised, measurable and operational approach.

Indeterminate RIBA results were associated with the absence of hepatitis C virus RNA (HCV-RNA) in blood donors

Introduction: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is diagnosed by the presence of antibodies and is supplemented by confirmatory testing methods, such as recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA) and HCV-RNA detection. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of RIBA testing to diagnose HCV infection in blood donors positive for anti-HCV antibodies. Methods: A total of 102 subjects positive for anti-HCV determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at the Hematology and Hemotherapy Foundation of Bahia (HEMOBA) were later assessed with new samples using the Abbott Architect anti-HCV test (Abbott Diagnostics, Wiesbaden, Germany), the RIBA III test (Chiron RIBA HCV 3.0 SIA, Chiron Corp., Emeryville, CA, USA), the polymerase chain reaction (PCR; COBAS&#174; AMPLICOR HCV Roche Diagnostics Corp., Indianapolis, IN, USA) and line probe assay (LiPA - Siemens, Tarrytown, NY, USA) genotyping for HCV diagnosis. Results: Of these new samples, 38.2% (39/102) were positive, 57.8% (59/102) were negative and 3.9% (4/102) were indeterminate for anti-HCV; HCV-RNA was detected in 22.5% (23/102) of the samples. RIBA results were positive in 58.1% (25/43), negative in 9.3% (4/43) and indeterminate in 32.6% (14/43) of the samples. The prevailing genotypes were 1 (78.3%, 18/23), 3 (17.4%, 4/23) and 2 (4.3%, 1/23). All 14 samples with indeterminate RIBA results had undetectable viral loads (detection limit &#8804;50 IU/mL). Of these samples, 71.4% (10/14) were reevaluated six months later. Eighty percent (8/10) of these samples remained indeterminate by RIBA, and 20% (2/10) were negative. Conclusions: In this study, individuals with indeterminate RIBA results had no detectable HCV-RNA.

Design and characterization of novel biopolymeric structure using biocompatible ionic liquids

The main objective of this thesis was the development of polymeric structures from the dissolution of FucoPol, a bacterial exopolysaccharide (EPS), in a biocompatible ionic liquid, choline acetate. The FucoPol was produced by the bacteria Enterobacter A47 using glycerol as carbon source at controlled temperature and pH (30��C and 7, respectively). At the end of 3 days it was produced 7 g/L of FucoPol. The net yield of Fucopol in glycerol (YP/S) was 0.22 g/g and the maximum productivity 2.37 g/L.d This polymer was characterized about its composition in sugars and acyl groups (by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography - HPLC), containing fucose (35 % mol), galactose (21 % mol), glucose (29 % mol), rhamnose (3% mol) and glucuronic acid (12% mol) as well as acetate (14.28 % mol), pyruvate (2.15 % mol) and succinate (1.80 % mol). Its content of water and ash was 15% p/p and 2% p/p, respectively, and the chemical bonds (determined by Infrared Spectroscopy - FT-IR) are consistent to the literature reports. However, due to limitations in Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) equipment it was not possible to determine the glass transition temperature. In turn, the ionic liquid showed the typical behavior of a Newtonian fluid, glass transition temperature (determined by DSC) -98.03��C and density 1.1031 g/cm3. The study of chemical bonds by FT-IR showed that amount of water (8.80%) influenced the visualization of the bands predicted to in view of their chemical structure. After the dissolution of the FucoPol in the ionic liquid at different temperatures (50, 60, 80 and 100 �� C) it was promoted the removal of this by the phase inversion method using deionized water as a solvent, followed by drying in an oven at 70 �� C. The mixtures before and after the phase inversion method were characterized through the studies mentioned above. In order to explore possible application field���s biocompatibility assays and collage on balsa wood tests were performed. It was found that the process of washing with water by the phase inversion method was not totally effective in removing the biocompatible ionic liquid, since all FucoPol ��� IL mixtures still contained ionic liquid in their composition as can be seen by the DSC results and FT-IR. In addition, washing the mixtures with water significantly altered the composition of FucoPol. However, these mixtures, that developed a viscous behavior typical of a non-Newtonian fluid (shear-thinning), have the potential to be applied in the biomedical field as well as biological glues.

Ontogeny of swimming capacity in plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) larvae

Little is known regarding the swimming ability of the larvae of European plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) in relation to changes in total length (TL), dry weight (DW) and developmental stage, which is surprising given the importance of transport processes to the recruitment dynamics of this species in the North Sea and elsewhere. We investigated ontogenetic changes in the critical swimming speed (Ucrit) of plaice from hatching to the onset of metamorphosis (50 days post-hatch, dph) at 8 ��C. The mean (��SD) TL and DW growth rates were 1.59 �� 0.81 and 7.7 �� 0.35 % d���1, respectively. Larvae were unable to swim at against a minimum current speed of <0.5 cm s���1 until 10 dph (7 mm TL), after which Ucrit significantly increased with increasing TL until the onset of metamorphosis and subsequent settlement. Mean (��SD) Ucrit was 0.38(0.35), 1.59(0.54), 2.27(0.49) and 2.99(0.37) cm s���1 for stage I (6.61 �� 2.64 mm TL), stage II (7.75 �� 0.60 mm TL), stage III (9.10 �� 1.00 mm TL) and stage IV (11.59 �� 0.85 mm TL) larvae, respectively. Larval TL, DW, DNA content, RNA content and Ucrit significantly increased, whereas sRD significantly declined as larvae developed from stage I to V. Although inter-individual differences in Ucrit (coefficient of variation, CV = 33 %) were as large as those in biochemical and morphological condition (CV���s of 21���42 %), differences in Ucrit were not significantly related to those in nutritional condition and larvae with lower DNA/DW had also better swimming abilities. These estimates should be useful to ongoing efforts to create individual- based models of the transport, foraging and growth of plaice larvae in the North Sea.

Prevalence of hypovitaminosis D and its association with oral lesions in HIV-infected Brazilian adults

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: This study assessed the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D and its association with oral candidiasis and clinical parameters of periodontitis (CPP) in HIV-infected patients. METHODS: Periodontal examinations for the 113 HIV-infected patients were recorded using the Community Periodontal Index. A cytological smear from the lateral borders of the tongue was performed to evaluate candidiasis. RESULTS: The frequency of hypovitaminosis D was 23.9%. In multivariate analysis, only the duration of exposure to HIV was associated with CPP [OR 4.72 (95% CI: 0.97-23.00)]. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D was 23.9% and was not related with oral candidiasis or CPP.

Estudo e interven����o no livro de Consultas e Decretos da Rainha D. Maria I ��� Aplica����o e m��todos de remo����o de refor��os e adesivos

O presente trabalho tem como principal prop��sito selecionar novas metodologias de interven����o a aplicar na obra ���Livro de Consultas e Decretos da Rainha D. Maria I��� pertencente �� Chancelaria R��gia do Arquivo Municipal de Lisboa. Para tal, desenvolveu-se a contextualiza����o hist��rica do livro e do Fundo e realizou-se o levantamento das problem��ticas como as tintas ferrog��licas, manchas causadas por macro e microorganismos no papel, e refor��os com pap��is transparentes resultantes de restauros antigos nos manuscritos do livro. Realizou-se ainda a caracteriza����o material dos substratos presentes no livro recorrendo a diferentes m��todos de exame e an��lise. A escolha dos m��todos para a remo����o dos refor��os teve como principal preocupa����o a substitui����o de m��todos aquosos tradicionais, que n��o s��o control��veis, por novas metodologias de interven����o mais controladas. Estes m��todos consistem na aplica����o de humidade controlada atrav��s de t��cnicas como: humidificador ultras��nico com temperatura, Gore-tex, g��is r��gidos, cataplasma enzim��tico, e um ensaio experimental com di��xido de carbono supercr��tico (CO2). Os resultados mais relevantes incidem na identifica����o do tipo de adesivo utilizado nos restauros antigos, e na operabilidade dos g��is r��gidos e cataplasma que se revelaram favor��veis no tratamento deste tipo de manuscritos. Tendo-se seleccionado os m��todos com melhor operabilidade, realizaram-se interven����es de restauro em apenas alguns f��lios, a partir do m��todo mais adequado para cada tipo de substrato, tendo em conta o estado de conserva����o. Por fim desenvolveram-se propostas de interven����o para os restantes manuscritos e encaderna����o, assim como a execu����o de um acondicionamento adequado, proposta de conserva����o preventiva e uma ficha de restri����o de acesso �� obra.

"O banquete nupcial��� num mosaico hispano-romano do s��c. II d. C.

Funda����o para a Ci��ncia e a Tecnologia (FCT), Funda����o Calouste Gulbenkian, Funda����o Millennium bcp, Direc����o Geral do Livro e das Bibliotecas/MC

O Livro de Horas de D. Duarte e o ms. Lat. 10538 (BNF, Paris): as liga����es com o ateli�� do Mestre de Mazarine

A constitui����o de bibliotecas privadas a partir de D. Jo��o I ir��, depois, relacionar-se com a import��ncia da corte da Borgonha, como centro art��stico de Filipe o Bom e de Isabel de Portugal. Neste contexto, assume alguma relev��ncia o caso de dois manuscritos, que, embora atribu��dos a ateli��s diferentes, possuem rela����es intr��nsecas entre si: o Livro de Horas de D. Duarte (DGARQ/Torre do Tombo, C.F.140), atribu��do ao ateli�� do Mestre aux rinceaux d���or, a operar na regi��o de Bruges e datado de in��cios do s��culo XV e o Livro de Horas dito de ���Joseph Bonaparte��� (BNF, Paris, manuscrito lat. 10538), atribu��do por Gabrielle Bartz ao ateli�� do Mestre de Mazarine, situado na regi��o de Paris e datado de ca. de 1415. A sua proced��ncia �� confirmada, designadamente, pelos calend��rios neles contidos. No entanto, a an��lise de certas imagens, entre as quais as do Of��cio dos Mortos e de Pentecostes, revestiu-se de uma import��ncia decisiva, pois permitiu-nos evidenciar este conjunto, assim definido pelas semelhan��as que apresentam, constituindo o seu estudo o cerne deste artigo.

O ���Museu de Antiguidades��� da Ajuda: numism��tica e ourivesaria das colec����es reais ao tempo de D. Lu��s

Iniciativa paralela �� galeria de pintura criada pelo rei D. Lu��s no Pal��cio da Ajuda, em 1867, o ���museu de antiguidades��� conservou e exp��s o essencial das colec����es de numism��tica e ourivesaria daquele monarca, acrescidas com diversas pe��as pertencentes ao tesouro da Casa Real, parte das quais provenientes dos conventos extintos pelo Liberalismo. Hoje disperso por diferentes institui����es museol��gicas, colec����es particulares ou em paradeiro incerto, aquele acervo pretende ser dado a conhecer ao longo deste artigo, sobretudo no que diz respeito aos seus n��cleos mais representativos, procurando-se simultaneamente reconstituir a apagada mem��ria do espa��o que o albergou, o papel desempenhado pelo seu conservador, Teixeira de Arag��o, e as aquisi����es efectuadas. Em foco estar��o tamb��m os cat��logos editados, a ced��ncia de pe��as para exposi����es nacionais e internacionais e a aten����o dada por D. Lu��s aos novos processos fotogr��ficos como forma de documentar e divulgar a colec����o real.

A Chancelaria R��gia de D. Dinis: breves observa����es diplom��ticas

Neste artigo, o autor prop��e-se refletir sobre a chancelaria do rei D. Dinis apresentando novas perspetivas para o seu entendimento do ponto de vista diplom��tico, ao mesmo tempo que valoriza, d�� not��cia e publica um conjunto de documenta����o, pouco divulgada, que permite reavaliar a dimens��o e o significado hist��ricos da produ����o documental dionisina.

A exposi����o 'A Rainha D. Leonor' no quadro das exposi����es evocativas do Estado Novo

A Exposi����o A Rainha D. Leonor foi organizada pela Funda����o Calouste Gulbenkian, tendo sido inaugurada em Dezembro de 1958 no Mosteiro da Madre de Deus. Desde logo foi assumida a necessidade de proceder a repara����es no Mosteiro fundado por D. Leonor, tendo em vista n��o s�� a realiza����o da exposi����o evocativa da obra mecen��tica e caritativa da Rainha, mas tamb��m a instala����o naquele edif��cio centen��rio do futuro Museu do Azulejo. Por��m, as consequ��ncias deste evento s��o mais amplas, pelo desenho dos elementos expositivos e pelo pensamento global que o orientou e tamb��m pelo que manifesta da ac����o da nova Funda����o, criada em 1956. Esta institui����o enuncia, atrav��s da Exposi����o da Madre de Deus, a aten����o que ir�� dedicar �� preserva����o do patrim��nio hist��rico, investindo simultaneamente numa representa����o de si pr��pria junto do p��blico. A sua imagem ret��m-se na novidade da montagem da exposi����o e na identifica����o da miss��o da Funda����o com o papel protagonizado pela Rainha D. Leonor no apoio ��s artes e na assist��ncia.