Effects of a 12-week aerobic exercise intervention on eating behaviour, food cravings and 7-day energy intake and energy expenditure in inactive men

This study examined effects of 12 weeks of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on eating behaviour, food cravings and weekly energy intake and expenditure in inactive men. Eleven healthy men (mean ± SD: age, 26 ± 5 years; body mass index, 24.6 ± 3.8 kg/m2; maximum oxygen uptake, 43.1 ± 7.4 mL/kg/min) completed the 12-week supervised exercise programme. Body composition, health markers (e.g. blood pressure), eating behaviour, food cravings and weekly energy intake and expenditure were assessed before and after the exercise intervention. There were no intervention effects on weekly free-living energy intake (p=0.326, d=-0.12) and expenditure (p=0.799, d=0.04), or uncontrolled eating and emotional eating scores (p>0.05). However, there was a trend with a medium effect size (p=0.058, d=0.68) for cognitive restraint to be greater after the exercise intervention. Total food cravings (p=0.009, d=-1.19) and specific cravings of high-fat foods (p=0.023, d=-0.90), fast-food fats (p=0.009, d=-0.71) and carbohydrates/starches (p=0.009, d=-0.56) decreased from baseline to 12 weeks. Moreover, there was a trend with a large effect size for cravings of sweets (p=0.052, d=-0.86) to be lower after the exercise intervention. In summary, 12 weeks of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise reduced food cravings and increased cognitive restraint, however, these were not accompanied by changes in other eating behaviours and weekly energy intake and expenditure. The results indicate the importance of exercising for health improvements even when reductions in body mass are modest.

On the Incorporation of Psychologically-Driven 'Music' Preference Models for Music Recommendation

There are hundreds of millions of songs available to the public, necessitating the use of music recommendation systems to discover new music. Currently, such systems account for only the quantitative musical elements of songs, failing to consider aspects of human perception of music and alienating the listener’s individual preferences from recommendations. Our research investigated the relationships between perceptual elements of music, represented by the MUSIC model, with computational musical features generated through The Echo Nest, to determine how a psychological representation of music preference can be incorporated into recommendation systems to embody an individual’s music preferences. Our resultant model facilitates computation of MUSIC factors using The Echo Nest features, and can potentially be integrated into recommendation systems for improved performance.

Closing Pandora's box: a defence of Alvin Plantinga's epistemology of religious belief

I argue (1) that Alvin Plantinga’s theory of warrant is plausible and (2) that, contrary to the Pandora’s Box objection, there are certain serious world religions that cannot successfully use Plantinga’s epistemology to demonstrate that their beliefs could be warranted in the same way that Christian belief can be warranted. In arguing for (1), I deploy Ernest Sosa’s Swampman case to show that Plantinga’s proper function condition is a necessary condition for warrant. I then engage three objections to Plantinga’s theory of warrant, each of which attempts to demonstrate that his conditions for warrant are neither necessary nor sufficient. Having defended the plausibility of Plantinga’s theory of warrant, I present and expand his key arguments to the effect that naturalism cannot make use of it. These arguments provide the conceptual tools that are needed to argue for (2): that there are certain world religions that cannot legitimately use Plantinga’s theory of warrant to demonstrate that their beliefs could be warranted in the same way that Christian belief can be warranted.

Wardroom-galley concept for a shuttle launched, artificial gravity modular space station.

"MSC-03992."

Caracterização Hematológica e Imunofenotípica em Pacientes com Leucemia Linfoblástica Aguda

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Análisis contrastivo del español y el inglés como lenguas de instrucción en la educación superior: estrategias discursivas del profesor en un corpus oral

El amplio dominio del inglés como lengua global también está dejando huella en el mundo académico. En un principio fue la lengua a través de la cual se realizaba gran parte de la investigación y la publicación de los conocimientos específicos de cada disciplina académica. Actualmente también se está convirtiendo gradualmente en lengua de instrucción. A pesar de que en numerosos contextos a lo largo de la historia la enseñanza a través de una lengua extranjera ha sido más la regla que la excepción, las repercusiones que está causando a todos los niveles (político, económico, social, educativo y pedagógico) hacen de este fenómeno educativo un objeto necesario de investigación. Uno de los principales factores que han llevado a la adopción del inglés como lengua de instrucción en la educación superior ha sido la internacionalización de la universidad. Además, puesto que su implementación ya constituye una práctica extendida y aceptada en previos niveles educativos debido a la expansión del aprendizaje integrado de contenidos y lengua (AICLE) en primaria y secundaria (Dafouz & Guerrini, 2009; Dalton-Puffer, Nikula & Smit, 2010), continuar con este enfoque parece una elección lógica y, en principio, no muy costosa y problemática (Coleman, 2013: XIV). A este hecho hay que sumarle el factor competitivo que lleva a las universidades a atraer a estudiantes nacionales e internacionales, a profesores e investigadores con vocación y éxito de todas las partes del mundo y a alumnos de postgrado con talento con el objeto de incentivar la reputación y el prestigio de la universidad (Graddol, 2006; Ramos, 2013; Dafouz, 2015)...

Una geografía del deseo en Los pobres de Roberto Sosa

Los pobres, por el autor hondureño Roberto Sosa, es un libro clave en la historia de la literatura centroamericana. Publicado en 1968, ganó el Premio Adonais y estableció a Roberto Sosa como uno de los poetas preeminentes de Centroamérica. Es un libro delgado de 21 poemas cuyo poder está tanto en lo que no dice como en lo que dice. Aunque sus temas de la pobreza, la opresión y el desamparo de las masas eran muy au courant por su tiempo, el evitar de la ideología estridente, del explícito historicismo acusador y del pensamiento estructuralista distingue a Sosa de sus contemporáneos centromericanos de la época como Ernesto Cardenal, Otto René Castillo y Roque Dalton. De hecho, embuye los poemas de una calidad que trasciende el tiempo y el espacio.

Efeito do manejo alimentar no desempenho do matrinxã Brycon amazonicus em tanques de cultivo

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito do horário, taxa e freqüência de alimentação no desempenho do matrinxã (Brycon amazonicus) em tanques de cultivo. O trabalho foi realizado no Centro de Aqüicultura da UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, no período de outubro de 1997 a janeiro de 1998 sendo realizados três ensaios, em tanques de 200m² subdivididos em 4 de 50 m². No ensaio I foram medidos em 3 períodos (manhã-m; meio do dia-md e tarde-t) o consumo de ração, índice de ingestão, tempo de saciação e velocidade de ingestão em peixes com peso médio de 232,13 g, alimentados com ração extrusada (32% de PB). Não foi observada diferença significativa nos parâmetros analisados. No ensaio II, em peixes com peso médio de 233,98 g, foi medido o consumo médio de ração, em intervalos de duas horas, das 07 às 19 horas. O maior consumo ocorreu quando o matrinxã foi alimentado às 17 horas. No ensaio III, durante 57 dias, os peixes foram alimentados uma vez ao dia (m); uma vez ao dia (t); duas vezes ao dia(m/t) e três vezes ao dia (m,md,t). Peixes com peso médio inicial de 322,25 g receberam ração com 32% de PB, na quantidade de 2% do PV. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas no ganho de peso diário (3,17; 2,80; 3,04 e 2,81 g) e na conversão alimentar aparente (2,11; 2,48; 2,16 e 2,31:1). Concluiu-se que a freqüência de alimentação de uma vez ao dia, em qualquer horário, mostrou ser suficiente.

Effects of down-regulating ornithine decarboxylase upon putrescine-associated metabolism and growth in Nicotiana tabacum L.

Transgenic plants of Nicotiana tabacum L. homozygous for an RNAi construct designed to silence ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) had significantly lower concentrations of nicotine and nornicotine, but significantly higher concentrations of anatabine, compared with vector-only controls. Silencing of ODC also led to significantly reduced concentrations of polyamines (putrescine, spermidine and spermine), tyramine and phenolamides (caffeoylputrescine and dicaffeoylspermidine) with concomitant increases in concentrations of amino acids ornithine, arginine, aspartate, glutamate and glutamine. Root transcript levels of S-adenosyl methionine decarboxylase, S-adenosyl methionine synthase and spermidine synthase (polyamine synthesis enzymes) were reduced compared with vector controls, whilst transcript levels of arginine decarboxylase (putrescine synthesis), putrescine methyltransferase (nicotine production) and multi-drug and toxic compound extrusion (alkaloid transport) proteins were elevated. In contrast, expression of two other key proteins required for alkaloid synthesis, quinolinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase (nicotinic acid production) and a PIP-family oxidoreductase (nicotinic acid condensation reactions), were diminished in roots of odc-RNAi plants relative to vector-only controls. Transcriptional and biochemical differences associated with polyamine and alkaloid metabolism were exacerbated in odc-RNAi plants in response to different forms of shoot damage. In general, apex removal had a greater effect than leaf wounding alone, with a combination of these injury treatments producing synergistic responses in some cases. Reduced expression of ODC appeared to have negative effects upon plant growth and vigour with some leaves of odc-RNAi lines being brittle and bleached compared with vector-only controls. Together, results of this study demonstrate that ornithine decarboxylase has important roles in facilitating both primary and secondary metabolism in Nicotiana.

Octahedral molybdenum cluster complexes with aromatic sulfonate ligands

This article describes the synthesis, structures and systematic study of the spectroscopic and redox properties of a series of octahedral molybdenum metal cluster complexes with aromatic sulfonate ligands (nBu4N)2[{Mo6X8}(OTs)6] and (nBu4N)2[{Mo6X8}(PhSO3)6] (where X- is Cl-, Br- or I-; OTs- is p-toluenesulfonate and PhSO3 - is benzenesulfonate). All the complexes demonstrated photoluminescence in the red region and an ability to generate singlet oxygen. Notably, the highest quantum yields (>0.6) and narrowest emission bands were found for complexes with a {Mo6I8}4+ cluster core. Moreover, cyclic voltammetric studies revealed that (nBu4N)2[{Mo6X8}(OTs)6] and (nBu4N)2[{Mo6X8}(PhSO3)6] confer enhanced stability towards electrochemical oxidation relative to corresponding starting complexes (nBu4N)2[{Mo6X8}X6].

Técnicas de plantio direto.

Neste artigo são apresentados os avanços nas pesquisas com diversas modalidades de plantio direto de pasto (PDP) na reforma de pastagens degradadas no Acre. A intenção é motivar outros grupos de pesquisa a trabalhar no aprimoramento e validação destas técnicas para diferentes regiões do Brasil.

Métodos de manejo do solo e densidade de plantio no estabelecimento do consórcio de grama-estrela-roxa e amendoim forrageiro por mudas.

Objetivou-se avaliar a influência do método de manejo do solo e densidade de plantio sobre a composição botânica do pasto (CBP) e evolução da cobertura do solo (CS).

Soil management and planting methods effects on tangolagrass and forage peanut establishment.

This study aimed to compare four establishment methods of mixed swards of Tangolagrass and forage peanut (Arachis pintoi).

Manejo da pastagem para uma pecuária empresarial.

Objetiva-se neste texto discutir a importância do manejo responsável, racional e eficiente da pastagem como forma de elevar a atividade pecuária de um patamar amador, para um patamar profissional, ou seja, transformar a produção animal a pasto, independentemente da grandeza do empreendimento pecuário, em uma atividade de cunho empresarial.

Seeding forage peanut in established Brachiaria humidicula pastures in the western Amazon.

This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that forage peanut (Arachis pintoi cv BRS Mandobi) can be successfully introduced into a Brachiaria humidicula pasture.