Influence of Processing Variables on Protein Quality and Frozen Storage Stability of Two Commercially Important Species of Squid (Loligo duvaucelii and Doryteuthis sibogae )

Cephalopods are utilized as an important food item in various countries because of its delicacy as raw consumed food. Mainly sepia and loligo are consumed raw by Japanese and Russians. The freshness of the products is very important when the product is consumed raw. The major species that dominate our squid catch are Loligo duvaucelii and Doryteuthis sibogae. There is a noticeable difference in the quality of both the species. The needle squid (Doryteuthis sibogae ) contributes about 35% of the total squid landing. Due to the fast deterioration , a major portion of the needle squid, which is caught during the first few hauls, is thrown back to sea. The catch in the last hauls only are taken to the landing centers. At present the needle squid is processed as blanched rings and the desired quality is not obtained if it is processed as whole, whole cleaned or as tubes. In this study an attempt is made to investigate the biochemical characteristics in both the species of squid in relation to their quality and, the process control measures to be adopted. The effect of various treatments on their quality and the changes in proteolytic and lysosomal enzymes under various processing conditions are also studied in detail.Thus this study can provide the seafood industry with relevant suggestions and solutions for effective utilization of both the species of squid with emphasis on needle squid.

Career Advancement of MBAs: A study on the effect of personal, professional,organisational and environmental variables

School of Management Studies, Cochin University of Science and Technology

Some Properties of Weighted Distributions for Truncated Random Variables

The present study gave emphasis on characterizing continuous probability distributions and its weighted versions in univariate set up. Therefore a possible work in this direction is to study the properties of weighted distributions for truncated random variables in discrete set up. The problem of extending the measures into higher dimensions as well as its weighted versions is yet to be examined. As the present study focused attention to length-biased models, the problem of studying the properties of weighted models with various other weight functions and their functional relationships is yet to be examined.

Hysteresis in a system driven by either generalized force or displacement variables: martensitic phase transition in single-crystalline Cu-Zn-Al

We report on experiments aimed at comparing the hysteretic response of a Cu-Zn-Al single crystal undergoing a martensitic transition under strain-driven and stress-driven conditions. Strain-driven experiments were performed using a conventional tensile machine while a special device was designed to perform stress-driven experiments. Significant differences in the hysteresis loops were found. The strain-driven curves show reentrant behavior yield point which is not observed in the stress-driven case. The dissipated energy in the stress-driven curves is larger than in the strain-driven ones. Results from recently proposed models qualitatively agree with experiments.

Influence of compounding and process variables on quality of condams made from natural rubber latex

Condoms are widely accepted as a contraceptive for family planning and population control. It is also accepted as the most effective barrier against sexually transmitted diseases, especially AIDS, the incurable disease. But presence of pinholes and low film strength of condoms make it unsuitable for the purpose. Quality improvement of condoms by reducing the pinhole formation and increasing the film strength is thus an essential requirement for population control as well as for preventing the spread of sexually transmitted diseases. Strict implementation of WHO specification of condoms further increases the rejection percentage. This causes higher rejection loss to condom manufacturers because the defects could be identified only at the final stage of processing. If the influence of various factors which cause these defects is known, manufacturers can take remedial measures to reduce the defectives so that rejection loss can be decreased and quality of condoms increased. In the present study, it was proposed to conduct experiments to improve the quality of condoms by reducing the pinhole rejection percentage and increasing the tensile properties, burst volume, and burst pressure. Ageing property improvement also was an important target among other parameters. Until a cure for AIDS is found, a high quality latex condom is the only effective device in the prevention of the spread of HIV, AIDS and STD's. Hence it is all the more necessary to have high quality condoms.

Matemáticas Empresariales II: Función real de varias variables y Óptimos de una función escalar. Material didáctico de soporte

Material didáctico de soporte para la asignatura Matemáticas Empresariales I de la Diplomatura en Ciencias Empresariales de la Universitat de Barcelona

Characterizations of Life Distributions Using Conditional Expectations of Doubly (Interval) Truncated Random Variables

In this article, we study reliability measures such as geometric vitality function and conditional Shannon’s measures of uncertainty proposed by Ebrahimi (1996) and Sankaran and Gupta (1999), respectively, for the doubly (interval) truncated random variables. In survival analysis and reliability engineering, these measures play a significant role in studying the various characteristics of a system/component when it fails between two time points. The interrelationships among these uncertainty measures for various distributions are derived and proved characterization theorems arising out of them

Identification of models using failure rate and mean residual life of doubly truncated random variables

In this paper, we study the relationship between the failure rate and the mean residual life of doubly truncated random variables. Accordingly, we develop characterizations for exponential, Pareto 11 and beta distributions. Further, we generalize the identities for fire Pearson and the exponential family of distributions given respectively in Nair and Sankaran (1991) and Consul (1995). Applications of these measures in file context of lengthbiased models are also explored

Product autoregressive models for non-negative variables

When variables in time series context are non-negative, such as for volatility, survival time or wave heights, a multiplicative autoregressive model of the type Xt = Xα t−1Vt , 0 ≤ α < 1, t = 1, 2, . . . may give the preferred dependent structure. In this paper, we study the properties of such models and propose methods for parameter estimation. Explicit solutions of the model are obtained in the case of gamma marginal distribution

Interannual and interdecadal oscillations in hydrological variables: Sources and modeling of the persistence in the Elbe River Basin

Wenn man die Existenz von physikalischen Mechanismen ignoriert, die für die Struktur hydrologischer Zeitreihen verantwortlich sind, kann das zu falschen Schlussfolgerungen bzgl. des Vorhandenseins möglicher Gedächtnis (memory) -Effekte, d.h. von Persistenz, führen. Die hier vorgelegte Doktorarbeit spürt der niedrigfrequenten klimatischen Variabilität innerhalb den hydrologischen Zyklus nach und bietet auf dieser "Reise" neue Einsichten in die Transformation der charakteristischen Eigenschaften von Zeitreihen mit einem Langzeitgedächtnis. Diese Studie vereint statistische Methoden der Zeitreihenanalyse mit empirisch-basierten Modelltechniken, um operative Modelle zu entwickeln, die in der Lage sind (1) die Dynamik des Abflusses zu modellieren, (2) sein zukünftiges Verhalten zu prognostizieren und (3) die Abflusszeitreihen an unbeobachteten Stellen abzuschätzen. Als solches präsentiert die hier vorgelegte Dissertation eine ausführliche Untersuchung zu den Ursachen der niedrigfrequenten Variabilität von hydrologischen Zeitreihen im deutschen Teil des Elbe-Einzugsgebietes, den Folgen dieser Variabilität und den physikalisch basierten Reaktionen von Oberflächen- und Grundwassermodellen auf die niedrigfrequenten Niederschlags-Eingangsganglinien. Die Doktorarbeit gliedert sich wie folgt: In Kapitel 1 wird als Hintergrundinformation das Hurst Phänomen beschrieben und ein kurzer Rückblick auf diesbezügliche Studien gegeben. Das Kapitel 2 diskutiert den Einfluss der Präsenz von niedrigfrequenten periodischen Zeitreihen auf die Zuverlässigkeit verschiedener Hurst-Parameter-Schätztechniken. Kapitel 3 korreliert die niedrigfrequente Niederschlagsvariabilität mit dem Index der Nord-Atlantischen Ozillations (NAO). Kapitel 4-6 sind auf den deutschen Teil des Elbe-Einzugsgebietes fokussiert. So werden in Kapitel 4 die niedrigfrequenten Variabilitäten der unterschiedlichen hydro-meteorologischen Parameter untersucht und es werden Modelle beschrieben, die die Dynamik dieser Niedrigfrequenzen und deren zukünftiges Verhalten simulieren. Kapitel 5 diskutiert die mögliche Anwendung der Ergebnisse für die charakteristische Skalen und die Verfahren der Analyse der zeitlichen Variabilität auf praktische Fragestellungen im Wasserbau sowie auf die zeitliche Bestimmung des Gebiets-Abflusses an unbeobachteten Stellen. Kapitel 6 verfolgt die Spur der Niedrigfrequenzzyklen im Niederschlag durch die einzelnen Komponenten des hydrologischen Zyklus, nämlich dem Direktabfluss, dem Basisabfluss, der Grundwasserströmung und dem Gebiets-Abfluss durch empirische Modellierung. Die Schlussfolgerungen werden im Kapitel 7 präsentiert. In einem Anhang werden technische Einzelheiten zu den verwendeten statistischen Methoden und die entwickelten Software-Tools beschrieben.

Effects of transformation processes in 'jubraka' agroforestry systems of the Nuba Mountains, Sudan, on nutrient fluxes

Intensification processes in homegardens of the Nuba Mountains, Sudan, raise concerns about strongly positive carbon (C) and nutrient balances which are expected to lead to substantial element losses from these agroecosystems, in particular via soil gaseous emissions. Therefore, this thesis aimed at the quantification of C, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) input and output fluxes with a special focus on soil gaseous losses, and the calculation of respective element balances. A further focus in this thesis was rainfall, a valuable resource for rain-fed agriculture in the Nuba Mountains. To minimize negative consequences of the high variability of rainfall, risk reducing mechanisms were developed by rain-fed farmers that may lose their efficacy in the course of climate change effects predicted for East Africa. Therefore, the second objective of this study was to examine possible changes in rainfall amounts during the last 60 years and to provide reliable risk and probability statements of rainfall-induced events of agricultural importance to rain-fed farmers in the Nuba Mountains. Soil gaseous emissions of C (in form of CO2) and N (in form of NH3 and N2O) of two traditional and two intensified homegardens were determined with a portable dynamic closed chamber system. For C gaseous emission rates reached their peak at the onset of the rainy season (2,325 g CO2-C ha-1 h-1 in an intensified garden type) and for N during the rainy season (16 g NH3-N ha-1 h-1 and 11.3 g N2O-N ha-1 h-1, in a traditional garden type). Data indicated cumulative annual emissions of 5,893 kg CO2-C ha-1, 37 kg NH3-N ha-1, and 16 kg N2O-N ha-1. For the assessment of the long-term productivity of the two types of homegardens and the identification of pathways of substantial element losses, a C and nutrient budget approach was used. In three traditional and three intensified homegardens observation plots were selected. The following variables were quantified on each plot between June and December in 2010: soil amendments, irrigation, biomass removal, symbiotic N2 fixation, C fixation by photosynthesis, atmospheric wet and dry deposition, leaching and soil gaseous emissions. Annual balances for C and nutrients amounted to -21 kg C ha-1, -70 kg N ha-1, 9 kg P ha-1 and -117 kg K ha-1 in intensified homegardens and to -1,722 kg C ha-1, -167 kg N ha-1, -9 kg P ha-1 and -74 kg K ha-1 in traditional homegardens. For the analysis of rainfall data, the INSTAT+ software allowed to aggregate long-term daily rainfall records from the Kadugli and Rashad weather stations into daily, monthly and annual intervals and to calculate rainfall-induced events of agricultural importance. Subsequently, these calculated values and events were checked for possible monotonic trends by Mann-Kendall tests. Over the period from 1970 to 2009, annual rainfall did not change significantly for either station. However, during this period an increase of low rainfall events coinciding with a decline in the number of medium daily rainfall events was observed in Rashad. Furthermore, the availability of daily rainfall data enabled frequency and conditional probability calculations that showed either no statistically significant changes or trends resulting only in minor changes of probabilities.

Repetidores del Ciclo Medio : trabajo experimental acerca de su perfil aptitudinal y variables socio-ambientales.

Determinar el peso de algunos factores que pudieran estar incidiendo en el fracaso escolar en el Ciclo Medio. 18 colegios públicos ubicados en zonas urbanas, semiurbanas y rurales de Asturias. 404 alumnos en total, divididos en dos grupos: experimental y de control. El grupo experimental lo formaron alumnos nacidos en el año 1972 que estuviesen repitiendo o hubiesen repetido algún curso en el Ciclo Medio y cursaran cuarto o quinto nivel. El grupo de control lo formaron alumnos nacidos en 1972 y que estaban en sexto nivel. Variables independientes: haber tenido o no Educación Preescolar, utilización de transporte, nivel cultural familiar, nivel socioeconómico, participación de los padres en las tareas escolares y expectativas familiares. Variables dependientes: inteligencia y velocidad y comprensión lectora. 2 cuestionarios elaborados 'ad hoc'. Test de inteligencia general G-2 de Cattell. Test de aptitudes TEA-1. Prueba de comprensión lectora de P. Pérez González. Prueba de cálculo. Cuestionario de adaptación P-5 de la escala EOS-5. Análisis de diferencias significativas entre los datos del grupo experimental y del grupo control utilizando el cálculo de la Chi-cuadrado y el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson. Los factores que más parecen incidir favorablemente en un buen rendimiento escolar son: expectativa de los padres, participación de éstos en las tareas escolares y el nivel cultural y socioeconómico de la familia. Los alumnos del grupo experimental pertenecían, en mayor numero que los del grupo de control, a familias de nivel cultural y socioeconómico bajo y sus padres muestran un nivel bajo de preocupación y colaboración con el quehacer educativos y pocas expectativas. Del estudio de personalidad se deduce que el grupo de control tiene siempre una mejor adaptación en los factores personal, familiar, social y escolar que el grupo experimental. Se constatan diferencias significativas a favor del grupo de control en los siguientes aspectos: inteligencia general, comprensión lectora y cálculo operativo. Propone como alternativa el facilitar una atención individualizada a los niños que, por sus características psicosociales, la necesitan de forma imperiosa puesto que si no, están abocados al fracaso escolar. Los factores extraescolares tienen un gran peso en el rendimiento académico y la mejora del mismo no es sólo problema de la escuela, sino que también es problema de cambio en las condiciones socioambientales y socioculturales que rodean al niño antes y durante el proceso educativo.

Incidencia predictiva de las variables intelectuales en el rendimiento académico durante el período inicial de escolarización.

Análisis de la incidencia de las variables intelectuales en el rendimiento académico, con la finalidad de comprobar en qué medida las diferencias pueden explicarse a través de la ejecución de tests aptitudinales y, en su caso, qué factores y/o variables responden mejor a este fenómeno. Hipótesis 1: las diferencias en rendimiento académico son más acusadas a medida que el nivel de las variables intelectuales de los sujetos presentan mayor variabilidad en sus ejecuciones. Hipótesis 2: las variables intelectuales inciden y nos ayudan a predecir el rendimiento académico y las diferencias que en él se observen. 232 alumnos del ciclo inicial de escolarización, conformada a partir del criterio basado en la media de las puntuaciones en los distintos tests y sus desviaciones típicas. Se extraen tres grupos: el de puntuaciones más bajas, el de puntuaciones intermedias y el de puntuaciones más altas. Variables predictoras: tratan de establecer las características personales aptitudinales y las habilidades psicolingüísticas. Variable criterio: se centra en la calificación escolar final. Test de Boehm. Wisc. MPC de Raven. Test de habilidades psicolingüísticas de Illinois. Calificación escolar final. Se confirma la hipótesis 1. La hipótesis 2 se confirma solamente para las asignaturas instrumentales. Las diferencias observadas entre los grupos de puntuaciones extremas indican la posibilidad de que estas se agraven progresivamente durante la escolarización. Las materias no instrumentales parecen conformar un currículo suplementario, en tanto que ponen de manifiesto la incidencia de otros factores. Las variables intelectuales muestran incidencia predictiva en este período de escolarización. Los porcentajes parciales de varianza explicada por cada una de las variables intelectuales, tomadas individualmente, indican la presencia de dos tipos de materias distintas: de un lado, las instrumentales, en las que se pondrían en juego las enseñanzas del razonamiento, solución de problemas y aptitudes verbales y, de otro lado, las no instrumentales, en las que se mantiene una orientación curricular diferente. Los resultados obtenidos indican la posibilidad, de un lado, de que en estas materias no se enseñe lo que realmente debe enseñarse o, de otro lado, que los resultados, al tomar una calificación 'subjetiva' proporcionada por el profesor que imparte la docencia, esté sesgada por algo que no deja de ser un número, sin reflejar para nada la verdadera adquisición que de esta materia se produce.