Genetic Codes with No Dedicated Stop Codon: Context-Dependent Translation Termination

The prevailing view of the nuclear genetic code is that it is largely frozen and unambiguous. Flexibility in the nuclear genetic code has been demonstrated in ciliates that reassign standard stop codons to amino acids, resulting in seven variant genetic codes, including three previously undescribed ones reported here. Surprisingly, in two of these species, we find efficient translation of all 64 codons as standard amino acids and recognition of either one or all three stop codons. How, therefore, does the translation machinery interpret a “stop” codon? We provide evidence, based on ribosomal profiling and “stop” codon depletion shortly before coding sequence ends, that mRNA 3′ ends may contribute to distinguishing stop from sense in a context-dependent manner. We further propose that such context-dependent termination/readthrough suppression near transcript ends enables genetic code evolution.

Instruction morale et civique, l'homme, le citoyen, a l'usage de l'enseignement primaire ...

Mode of access: Internet.

Research and development opportunities for improved transportation energy usage. Summary technical report.

Transportation Department, Washington, D.C.

Analysis of the future effects of the fuel shortage and increased small car usage upon traffic deaths and injuries. Final report. Executive summary.

Transportation Department, Office of Systems Engineering, Washington, D.C.

Automatic safety belt usage in 1981 Toyotas. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Automatic safety belt systems: changes in owner usage over time in GM Chevettes and VW Rabbits. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Final report -- a survey of software tools usage /

S/N 003-003-02378-7

IFR altitude usage peak day 1960 /

Cover title.

Impact of motorcycle helmet usage in Colorado : final report /

September 1978.

La clé du caveau : à l'usage de tous les chansonniers française, des amateurs, auteurs, acteurs du vaudeville, et de tous les amis de la chanson /

Includes index.

Précis d'anatomie à l'usage des artistes /

Mode of access: Internet.

The Greek Testament : with a critically revised text, a digest of various readings, marginal references to verbal and idiomatic usage, prolegomena, and a critical and exegetical commentary, for the use of theological students and ministers / by Henry Alford.

Bibliography in each volume.