Publishing in the Networked World: Transforming the Nature of Communication, 14th International Conference on Electronic Publishing 16-18 June 2010, Helsinki, Finland

The title of the 14th International Conference on Electronic Publishing (ELPUB), “Publishing in the networked world: Transforming the nature of communication”, is a timely one. Scholarly communication and scientific publishing has recently been undergoing subtle changes. Published papers are no longer fixed physical objects, as they once were. The “convergence” of information, communication, publishing and web technologies along with the emergence of Web 2.0 and social networks has completely transformed scholarly communication and scientific papers turned to living and changing entities in the online world. The themes (electronic publishing and social networks; scholarly publishing models; and technological convergence) selected for the conference are meant to address the issues involved in this transformation process. We are pleased to present the proceedings book with more than 30 papers and short communications addressing these issues. What you hold in your hands is a by-product and the culmination of almost a Year long work of many people including conference organizers, authors, reviewers, editors and print and online publishers. The ELPUB 2010 conference was organized and hosted by the Hanken School of Economics in Helsinki, Finland. Professors Turid Hedlund of Hanken School of Economics and Yaşar Tonta of Hacettepe University Department of Information Management (Ankara, Turkey) served as General Chair and Program Chair, respectively. We received more than 50 submissions from several countries. All submissions were peer-reviewed by members of an international Program Committee whose contributions proved most valuable and appreciated. The 14th ELPUB conference carries on the tradition of previous conferences held in the United Kingdom (1997 and 2001), Hungary (1998), Sweden (1999), Russia (2000), the Czech Republic (2002), Portugal (2003), Brazil (2004), Belgium (2005), Bulgaria (2006), Austria (2007), Canada (2008) and Italy (2009). The ELPUB Digital Library, http://elpub.scix.net serves as archive for the papers presented at the ELPUB conferences through the years. The 15th ELPUB conference will be organized by the Department of Information Management of Hacettepe University and will take place in Ankara, Turkey, from 14-16 June 2011. (Details can be found at the ELPUB web site as the conference date nears by.) We thank Marcus Sandberg and Hannu Sääskilahti for copyediting, Library Director Tua Hindersson – Söderholm for accepting to publish the online as well as the print version of the proceedings. Thanks also to Patrik Welling for maintaining the conference web site and Tanja Dahlgren for administrative support. We warmly acknowledge the support in organizing the conference to colleagues at Hanken School of Economics and our sponsors.

Polarization Caging in Diffusion-Controlled Electron Transfer Reactions in Solution

In some bimolecular diffusion-controlled electron transfer (ET) reactions such as ion recombination (IR), both solvent polarization relaxation and the mutual diffusion of the reacting ion pair may determine the rate and even the yield of the reaction. However, a full treatment with these two reaction coordinates is a challenging task and has been left mostly unsolved. In this work, we address this problem by developing a dynamic theory by combining the ideas from ET reaction literature and barrierless chemical reactions. Two-dimensional coupled Smoluchowski equations are employed to compute the time evolution of joint probability distribution for the reactant (P-(1)(X,R,t)) and the product (p((2))(X,R,t)), where X, as is usual in ET reactions, describes the solvent polarization coordinate and R is the distance between the reacting ion pair. The reaction is described by a reaction line (sink) which is a function of X and R obtained by imposing a condition of equal energy on the initial and final states of a reacting ion pair. The resulting two-dimensional coupled equations of motion have been solved numerically using an alternate direction implicit (ADI) scheme (Peaceman and Rachford, J. Soc. Ind. Appl. Math. 1955, 3, 28). The results reveal interesting interplay between polarization relaxation and translational dynamics. The following new results have been obtained. (i) For solvents with slow longitudinal polarization relaxation, the escape probability decreases drastically as the polarization relaxation time increases. We attribute this to caging by polarization of the surrounding solvent, As expected, for the solvents having fast polarization relaxation, the escape probability is independent of the polarization relaxation time. (ii) In the slow relaxation limit, there is a significant dependence of escape probability and average rate on the initial solvent polarization, again displaying the effects of polarization caging. Escape probability increases, and the average rate decreases on increasing the initial polarization. Again, in the fast polarization relaxation limit, there is no effect of initial polarization on the escape probability and the average rate of IR. (iii) For normal and barrierless regions the dependence of escape probability and the rate of IR on initial polarization is stronger than in the inverted region. (iv) Because of the involvement of dynamics along R coordinate, the asymmetrical parabolic (that is, non-Marcus) energy gap dependence of the rate is observed.

Discrete-Time Controlled Markov Processes with Average Cost Criterion: A Survey

This work is a survey of the average cost control problem for discrete-time Markov processes. The authors have attempted to put together a comprehensive account of the considerable research on this problem over the past three decades. The exposition ranges from finite to Borel state and action spaces and includes a variety of methodologies to find and characterize optimal policies. The authors have included a brief historical perspective of the research efforts in this area and have compiled a substantial yet not exhaustive bibliography. The authors have also identified several important questions that are still open to investigation.

Effects of Ultrafast Solvation on the Rate of Adiabatic Outer-Sphere Electron Transfer Reactions

Recent studies have demonstrated that solvation dynamics in many common dipolar liquids contain an initial, ultrafast Gaussian component which may contribute even more than 60% to the total solvation energy. It is also known that adiabatic electron transfer reactions often probe the high-frequency components of the relevant solvent friction (Hynes, J. T. J. Phys. Chem. 1986, 90, 3701). In this paper, we present a theoretical study of the effects of the ultrafast solvent polar modes on the adiabatic electron transfer reactions by using the formalism of Hynes. Calculations have been carried out for a model system and also for water and acetonitrile. It is found that, in general, the ultrafast modes can greatly enhance the rate of electron transfer, even by more than an order of magnitude, over the rate obtained by using only the slow overdamped modes usually considered. For water, this acceleration of the rate can be attributed to the high-frequency intermolecular vibrational and librational modes. For a weakly adiabatic reaction, the rate is virtually indistinguishable from the rate predicted by the Marcus transition state theory. Another important result is that even in this case of ultrafast underdamped solvation, energy diffusion appears to be efficient so that electron transfer reaction in water is controlled essentially by the barrier crossing dynamics. This is because the reactant well frequency is-directly proportional to the rate of the initial Gaussian decay of the solvation time correlation function. As a result, the value of the friction at the reactant well frequency rarely falls below the value required for the Kramers turnover except when the polarizability of the water molecules may be neglected. On the other hand, in acetonitrile, the rate of electron transfer reaction is found to be controlled by the energy diffusion dynamics, although a significant contribution to the rate comes also from the barrier crossing rate. Therefore, the present study calls for a need to understand the relaxation of the high-frequency modes in dipolar liquids.

Non-exponentiality in electron transfer kinetics: Static versus dynamic disorder models

Non-exponential electron transfer kinetics in complex systems are often analyzed in terms of a quenched, static disorder model. In this work we present an alternative analysis in terms of a simple dynamic disorder model where the solvent is characterized by highly non-exponential dynamics. We consider both low and high barrier reactions. For the former, the main result is a simple analytical expression for the survival probability of the reactant. In this case, electron transfer, in the long time, is controlled by the solvent polarization relaxation-in agreement with the analyses of Rips and Jortner and of Nadler and Marcus. The short time dynamics is also non-exponential, but for different reasons. The high barrier reactions, on the other hand, show an interesting dynamic dependence on the electronic coupling element, V-el.

Crystallization of SrCO3 on a self-assembled monolayer substrate: an in-situ synchrotron X-ray study

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of alkanethiols on gold surfaces show great promise in controlling the nucleation and growth of inorganic minerals from solution. In doing so, they mimic the role of some biogenic macromolecules in natural biomineralisation processes. Crystallization on SAM surfaces is usually monitored ex-situ; by allowing the process to commence and to evolve for some time, removing the substrate from the mother solution, and then examining it using microscopy, diffraction etc. We present here for the first time, the use of high energy monochromatic synchrotron X-radiation in conjunction with a two dimensional detector to monitor in situ, in a time resolved fashion, the growth of SrCO3 (strontianite) crystals on a SAM substrate.

Solvent Sensitivity of Protein Unfolding: Dynamical Study of Chicken Villin Headpiece Subdomain in Water Ethanol Binary Mixture

We carry out a series of long atomistic molecular dynamics simulations to study the unfolding of a small protein, chicken villin headpiece (HP-36), in water-ethanol (EtOH) binary mixture. The prime objective of this work is to explore the sensitivity of protein unfolding dynamics toward increasing concentration of the cosolvent and unravel essential features of intermediates formed in search of a dynamical pathway toward unfolding. In water ethanol binary mixtures, HP-36 is found to unfold partially, under ambient conditions, that otherwise requires temperature as high as similar to 600 K to denature in pure aqueous solvent. However, an interesting course of pathway is observed to be followed in the process, guided by the formation of unique intermediates. The first step of unfolding is essentially the separation of the cluster formed by three hydrophobic (phenylalanine) residues, namely, Phe-7, Phe-11, and Phe-18, which constitute the hydrophobic core, thereby initiating melting of helix-2 of the protein. The initial steps are similar to temperature-induced unfolding as well as chemical unfolding using DMSO as cosolvent. Subsequent unfolding steps follow a unique path. As water-ethanol shows composition-dependent anomalies, so do the details of unfolding dynamics. With an increase in cosolvent concentration, different partially unfolded intermediates are found to be formed. This is reflected in a remarkable nonmonotonic composition dependence of several order parameters, including fraction of native contacts and protein-solvent interaction energy. The emergence of such partially unfolded states can be attributed to the preferential solvation of the hydrophobic residues by the ethyl groups of ethanol. We further quantify the local dynamics of unfolding by using a Marcus-type theory.

La luz del intelecto agente en los principios de la razón práctica según San Alberto Magno

Resumen: La Antigone de Sófocles y el Corpus Hippocraticum delinean ya los rasgos propios del derecho natural. La ética de Aristóteles, luego, ofrece una primera noción explícita del derecho natural, que San Alberto Magno comenta en Super ethica. Sin embargo, en De inventione de Cicerón el teólogo alemán encuentra su definición de derecho natural: “lo que cierta fuerza innata introdujo”. En De bono V q. 1 San Alberto determina los alcances de esta definición y completa una presentación acabada de la noción de derecho natural. También advierte San Alberto que el hombre, con respecto a la ciencia del intelecto práctico, se encuentra doblemente en potencia. Primero, está en potencia de conocer los principios primeros de esta ciencia y, segundo, una vez conocidos éstos, se encuentra en potencia de inferir a partir de ellos las conclusiones de la ciencia práctica. Poseídas estas conclusiones, finalmente, el hombre está en potencia de aplicarlas en la acción práctica. Intrigado por el modo en que los primeros principios son conocidos, San Alberto advierte que el conocimiento de las nociones correspondientes a estos principios sólo accidentalmente debe ser atribuido al descubrimiento o determinación de los nombres con los que llamamos a estos principios. En verdad, es necesaria la intervención de la luz del intelecto agente para llevar al acto el conocimiento de los principios. En este punto el discurso de San Alberto retorna a la definición ciceroniana: aquella fuerza innata que introduce el derecho natural no es otra que la luz del intelecto agente.

La política en la actualidad : ¿más cerca de la virtud o del vicio?

Resumen: En este artículo se expone en forma sucinta dos formas muy diferentes de concebir la política, a saber: la de algunos autores denominados clásicos, cuyos principales representantes son Platón, Aristóteles, Cicerón y Tomás de Aquino, y la forma moderna representada por Maquiavelo. Los primeros, salvando algunas diferencias, entienden la política como un saber moral práctico, como una noble actividad que debe ser ejercida por los mejores en vistas al bien de todos. Maquiavelo, por su parte, la entiende como una técnica, totalmente desarraigada de la moral, cuyo fin es obtener, mantener y acrecentar el poder. Al parecer, y es lo que se intentará demostrar en la exposición, hay indicios suficientes para afirmar que el maquiavelismo se ha «impuesto» a los clásicos. La perspectiva desde la cual se abordara esta pregunta, es la del Magisterio reciente de la Iglesia Católica

Portais de governo : uma avaliação na Câmara dos Deputados

Apresenta um método de avaliação de portais eletrônicos de compras públicas - no contexto da interação G2B e na perspectiva do usuário externo - e mostra os resultados da aplicação desse método ao portal de compras da Câmara dos Deputados. Contribui para ampliar a discussão sobre avaliação de sistemas e sítios web de governo, visto que ressalta a importância dos aspectos contexto e usuário final externo no processo e identifica alguns dos problemas que podem ocorrer ao se utilizar tal abordagem.

Socialização organizacional : o processo de integração de novos servidores na Câmara dos Deputados

Analisa o programa de ambientação de novos servidores na Câmara dos Deputados. Discute em que medida este processo de socialização é abrangente e acompanha o servidor ao longo de sua trajetória na instituição, e o quanto ele é utilizado como um dos estímulos à motivação profissional. Apresenta sugestões e recomendações sobre o tema.

O exame da admissibilidade financeira e orçamentária de proposições na Assembleia Nacional da França

Analisa o controle da admissibilidade financeira de proposições legislativas, com impacto nas contas públicas na Assembleia Nacional da França. Compara, subsidiariamente, com o caso brasileiro referente à Câmara dos Deputados. Expõe a atuação das diferentes instituições do Estado francês envolvidas no exame de admissibilidade financeira. Investiga as competências e o processo legislativo relacionados, especificamente no que tange à Assembleia Nacional. Detalha os critérios e os conceitos relativos ao exame, adotados por aquela casa legislativa e consigna a evolução histórica recente dos principais aspectos do controle de admissibilidade na França.

Ferramentas computacionais aplicadas aos trabalhos de auditoria interna

Discute a funcionalidade dos softwares específicos de auditoria e as técnicas de auditoria a eles associados e captura a essência de sua aplicação em órgãos de controle interno da administração pública federal. Primeiramente, com fulcro em pesquisas bibliográficas, chega-se ao entendimento de como são aplicadas essas ferramentas e quais são suas vantagens competitivas em relação aos procedimentos tradicionais de auditoria. Posteriormente, por meio de pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa, busca-se corroborar os estudos e conclusões acadêmicas com as melhores práticas desenvolvidas por outros órgãos de controle interno. Dessa forma, foi possível obter um quadro claro sobre a aplicabilidade de ferramentas computacionais aos trabalhos executados por órgãos de controle interno da administração pública federal.

Transparência orçamentária efetiva e Internet : um estudo a partir dos portais eletrônicos de orçamento da Câmara dos Deputados e do Senado Federal

Avalia a qualidade das informações disseminadas pelos portais Orçamento Brasil e Orçamento da União, mantidos pelo Congresso Nacional, no sentido da sua contribuição para a transparência efetiva do processo orçamentário. Como objetivos secundários, a intenção foi contribuir para: (1) a discussão sobre transparência formal, aparente e efetiva; (2) o desenvolvimento e a aplicação de instrumentos operacionais para a mensuração da transparência orçamentária; (3) a avaliação da qualidade da informação em sítios eletrônicos de governo. A abordagem metodológica foi um estudo multicaso do tipo avaliativo. Um levantamento telemático e bibliográfico e um questionário de avaliação. foram utilizados como instrumentos de pesquisa.

A contribuição da Legimática para a qualidade formal do texto legislativo

O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar como as ferramentas propostas pela Legimática podem contribuir para diminuir as deficiências dos textos legislativos apontadas pela Legística. A preocupação com o processo de criação e com a qualidade do texto legislativo por ele produzido é o foco principal da Legística Formal. Esta atividade encontra amparo nas ferramentas propostas pela Legimática que auxiliam a elaboração de normas legais por meio de processadores eletrônicos de textos concebidos especificamente para este propósito, ou seja, redação de leis. Tais ferramentas garantem o emprego de regras formalmente estabelecidas para um texto legal, e de forma mais abrangente, facilitam a clareza, o rigor e a uniformidade da linguagem legislativa do documento produzido. A realização de pesquisas qualitativa e bibliográfica permitiu propor a criação de um software que auxilie no processo de elaboração normativa dos órgãos legislativos federais brasileiros baseando-se em considerações de especialistas, análise de ferramentas semelhantes e referências na literatura.