Efeito da inclinação do plano de terra para antenas de microfita multicamadas com elementos parasitas fractais

This work presents the analysis of an antenna of fractal microstrip of Koch with dielectric multilayers and inclinations in the ground plane, whose values of the angles are zero degree (without inclinations), three, seven and twelve degrees. This antenna consists of three dielectric layers arranged vertically on each other, using feeding microstrip line in patch 1, of the first layer, which will feed the remaining patches of the upper layers by electromagnetic coupling. The objective of this work is to analyze the effects caused by increase of the angle of inclination of the ground plane in some antenna parameters such as return loss, resonant frequency, bandwidth and radiation pattern. The presented results demonstrate that with the increase of the inclination angle it is possible to get antennas with characteristics multiband, with bigger bandwidth, and improving the impedance matching for each case analyzed, especially the larger angle

Simulação computacional da interação fluido-estrutura em bombas de cavidades progressivas

The pumping through progressing cavities system has been more and more employed in the petroleum industry. This occurs because of its capacity of elevation of highly viscous oils or fluids with great concentration of sand or other solid particles. A Progressing Cavity Pump (PCP) consists, basically, of a rotor - a metallic device similar to an eccentric screw, and a stator - a steel tube internally covered by a double helix, which may be rigid or deformable/elastomeric. In general, it is submitted to a combination of well pressure with the pressure generated by the pumping process itself. In elastomeric PCPs, this combined effort compresses the stator and generates, or enlarges, the clearance existing between the rotor and the stator, thus reducing the closing effect between their cavities. Such opening of the sealing region produces what is known as fluid slip or slippage, reducing the efficiency of the PCP pumping system. Therefore, this research aims to develop a transient three-dimensional computational model that, based on single-lobe PCP kinematics, is able to simulate the fluid-structure interaction that occurs in the interior of metallic and elastomeric PCPs. The main goal is to evaluate the dynamic characteristics of PCP s efficiency based on detailed and instantaneous information of velocity, pressure and deformation fields in their interior. To reach these goals (development and use of the model), it was also necessary the development of a methodology for generation of dynamic, mobile and deformable, computational meshes representing fluid and structural regions of a PCP. This additional intermediary step has been characterized as the biggest challenge for the elaboration and running of the computational model due to the complex kinematic and critical geometry of this type of pump (different helix angles between rotor and stator as well as large length scale aspect ratios). The processes of dynamic generation of meshes and of simultaneous evaluation of the deformations suffered by the elastomer are fulfilled through subroutines written in Fortan 90 language that dynamically interact with the CFX/ANSYS fluid dynamic software. Since a structural elastic linear model is employed to evaluate elastomer deformations, it is not necessary to use any CAE package for structural analysis. However, an initial proposal for dynamic simulation using hyperelastic models through ANSYS software is also presented in this research. Validation of the results produced with the present methodology (mesh generation, flow simulation in metallic PCPs and simulation of fluid-structure interaction in elastomeric PCPs) is obtained through comparison with experimental results reported by the literature. It is expected that the development and application of such a computational model may provide better details of the dynamics of the flow within metallic and elastomeric PCPs, so that better control systems may be implemented in the artificial elevation area by PCP

Mecanismos de desgaste de poliuretano em ensaios de microabrasão

Wear mechanisms and thermal history of two non-conforming sliding surfaces was investigated in laboratory. A micro-abrasion testing setup was used but the traditional rotative sphere method was substituted by a cylindrical surface of revolution which included seven sharp angles varying between 15o to 180o. The micro-abrasion tests lead to the investigation on the polyurethane response at different contact pressures. For these turned counterfaces with and without heat treatment. Normal load and sliding speeds were changed. The sliding distance was fixed at 5 km in each test. The room and contact temperatures were measured during the tests. The polyurethane was characterized using tensile testing, hardness Shore A measurement, Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermomechanical Analyze (TMA). The Vickers micro-hardness of the steel was measured before and after the heat treatment and the metallographic characterization was also carried out. Worn surface of polyurethane was analysed using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and EDS (Electron Diffraction Scanning) microanalyses. Single pass scratch testing in polyurethane using indenters with different contact angles was also carried out. The scar morphology of the wear, the wear mechanism and the thermal response were analyzed in order to correlate the conditions imposed by the pressure-velocity pair to the materials in contact. Eight different wear mechanisms were identified on the polyurethane surface. It was found correlation between the temperature variation and the wear scar morphology.

Perfis de distribuição volumétrica de pontas XR 11003 e TXVK-4 em diferentes condições de pulverização

Com o objetivo de avaliar a uniformidade da distribuição volumétrica e o efeito da angulação dos bicos na barra em pulverizações, foi conduzido experimento em laboratório, com dez unidades de cada uma das pontas de jato plano XR 11003 e de jato cônico vazio TXVK-4, fabricadas pela Spraying Systems Co. As pontas XR 11003 foram avaliadas, isoladamente, em mesa de prova para bicos construída conforme a Norma ISO 5682-1:1996, a 0,30; 0,40 e 0,50 m de altura, submetidas à pressão de 200 e 300 kPa e posicionadas com ângulos de 30º e 45º no sentido horário e anti-horário e na vertical; as pontas TXVK-4 foram avaliadas nas mesmas alturas, porém a 300 e 400 kPa, e somente na vertical. A distribuição média do volume coletado em cada configuração, das dez unidades de cada ponta, foi inserida num programa computacional, desenvolvido para o estudo, que permitiu a simulação do padrão de deposição de uma barra pulverizadora, com 24 bicos, com sobreposições variáveis, obtendo-se, ao final, o coeficiente de variação da sobreposição, o desvio- padrão e a média do volume aplicado. Os resultados sugerem a necessidade de ajustes no espaçamento entre bicos para a obtenção de melhor uniformidade na distribuição, principalmente quando se utiliza ângulo na barra; há menor influência da variação da altura da barra sobre a uniformidade da distribuição quando o espaçamento entre bicos é reduzido.

Distribuição volumétrica de calda produzidas pelas pontas pulverização XR, TP e TJ sob diferentes condições operacionais

Foram avaliados os perfis de distribuição volumétrica das pontas de pulverização de jato plano Extended Range XR 8004, Teejet TP 8004 e TwinJet TJ60-8004, em mesa de teste construída segundo a norma ISO 5.682-1:1996, sendo as pontas de pulverização posicionadas a 30, 40 e 50 cm de altura da mesa coletora, submetidas à pressão de 200 e 300 kPa, e posicionadas com ângulos de 30 e 45º nos sentidos horário e anti-horário e na posição vertical (0º). As pontas TJ60-8004 foram analisadas nas mesmas alturas, porém somente na posição vertical. Avaliaram-se 10 unidades de cada tipo de ponta, instaladas isoladamente na mesa. A distribuição média do volume pulverizado, coletado nas provetas, foi inserida em programa computacional, que permitiu a simulação do perfil de distribuição de uma barra pulverizadora com 24 bicos, em espaçamentos variáveis, obtendo-se ao final o coeficiente de variação, o desvio-padrão e a média do volume. Os resultados mostraram que a uniformidade de distribuição é menos influenciada pela variação da altura da barra quando o espaçamento entre bicos é reduzido e que há necessidade de adequação do espaçamento quando se utiliza ângulo na barra pulverizadora.

Avaliação da deposição da calda de pulverização em função da densidade populacional de Brachiaria plantaginea, do volume e do ângulo de aplicação

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a quantidade de calda de pulverização depositada nas folhas de Brachiaria plantaginea, em aplicações de pós-emergência precoce, em que se variou o volume de calda de pulverização, a densidade de plantas m-2 e o ângulo de posicionamento da ponta de pulverização na barra de aplicação. Para isso, foram conduzidos três experimentos em condições de laboratório. Nestes estudos, o volume de calda de pulverização foi obtido por meio da variação da velocidade de deslocamento de um veículo composto por plataforma e quatro rolamentos tracionados por um motor elétrico. Foi utilizada a ponta de pulverização XR Teejet 8001 EVS, na pressão de 241,4 kPa. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições. No primeiro experimento, os volumes utilizados foram de 1147,57; 860,68; 573,78; 459,02; 344,27; 229,51; 114,75; e 57,37 L ha-1 de calda de pulverização, com densidade de 600 plantas m-2. No segundo experimento foram estudadas as densidades de 300, 600, 900 e 1.200 plantas m-2; neste caso, utilizou-se o volume de 229,51 L ha-1 de calda de pulverização. No terceiro experimento avaliou-se o posicionamento do ângulo da ponta de pulverização na barra de aplicação e utilizou-se a densidade de 600 plantas m-2. Estudaram-se os ângulos de -30º, -15º, 90º, +15º e +30º e os volumes de calda de pulverização de 198,76; 221,69; 229,51; 221,69; e 198,76 L ha-1, respectivamente. Foram adotados sinais negativos para o sentido de deslocamento do veículo e sinais positivos para o sentido contrário ao deslocamento. As avaliações do depósito de calda de pulverização, na planta e no solo, foram feitas utilizando-se condutividade elétrica. A porcentagem de depósito de calda de pulverização nas plantas de B. plantaginea foi incrementada com a redução do volume de calda pulverizada por hectare. O depósito de calda por planta foi maior nas densidades maiores de plantas. O ângulo de posicionamento da ponta de pulverização na barra de aplicação incrementou o depósito de calda nas plantas de B. plantaginea, quando comparado com o ângulo de 90º.

Tensão superficial dinâmica e ângulo de contato de soluções aquosas com surfatantes em superfícies artificiais e naturais

O trabalho objetivou avaliar o efeito de surfatantes em soluções aquosas sobre a tensão superficial dinâmica e ângulo de contato das gotas em diferentes superfícies: artificiais (lâmina de vidro e de óxido de alumínio) e naturais (superfícies adaxiais de folhas de Euphorbia heterophylla, Ipomoea grandifolia e Brachiaria plantaginea). Seis formulações de surfatantes (Antideriva®; Uno®; Pronto 3®; Li-700®; Supersil® e Silwet L-77®), respectivamente nas doses recomendadas do produto comercial (0,050; 0,025; 0,100; 0,250; 0,100 e 0,100 % v v-1) e o dobro delas, foram avaliadas em soluções aquosas. A tensão superficial dinâmica e o ângulo de contato formado sobre as superfícies naturais foram medidos por tensiômetro. Os ângulos de contato formados pelas gotas nas superfícies artificiais foram obtidos por análise de imagens capturadas por uma câmera digital. Os surfatantes influenciam nas propriedades físico-químicas de soluções aquosas. As soluções contendo os surfatantes Silwet L-77® e Supersil®; nas doses de 0,100 e 0,200% v v-1; proporcionaram maiores reduções na tensão superficial dinâmica e menores ângulos de contato das gotas sobre as superfícies artificiais e naturais. Os surfatantes organossiliconados em solução aquosa foram mais eficientes na redução da tensão superficial e proporcionaram maior molhamento de superfícies natural e artificial. em alvos naturais, essas propriedades obtidas com organossiliconados são dependentes das características de superfície das espécies vegetais.

Depósitos de calda de pulverização nas faces adaxial e abaxial de folhas de Eichhornia crassipes dispostas em diferentes ângulos

Estudos foram conduzidos com o objetivo de avaliar os depósitos de gotas pulverizadas através de dois tipos de pontas sobre as faces adaxial e abaxial de folhas de Eichhornia crassipes dispostas em diferentes ângulos. No primeiro estudo, os tratamentos foram dispostos no esquema fatorial 2x4x7: dois tipos de pontas (TX12 e XR11002VS), quatro ângulos verticais (0º, 30º, 60º e 90º) e sete ângulos horizontais (0º, 15º, 30º, 45º, 60º, 75º e 90º). No ângulo vertical de 90º a lâmina foliar foi posicionada paralelamente ao sentido de deslocamento do jato de pulverização; e no ângulo horizontal de 90º a folha foi posicionada perpendicularmente ao plano do solo. Como traçadores, foram utilizadas soluções de 1.000 ppm do corante Azul FDC-1 e 3.500 ppm do corante Amarelo Tartrasina para as pontas tipo leque e cone, respectivamente. No segundo estudo, os tratamentos foram dispostos no esquema fatorial 2x2x3: dois tipos de pontas (TX12 e XR11002VS), dois tipos de calda (com e sem Aterbane BR a 0,5%) e três ângulos horizontais (0º, 45º e 90º). Adotou-se o ângulo vertical de 90º como padrão para todos os tratamentos. Soluções de 1.000 ppm do corante Azul FDC-1 e 3.500 ppm do corante Amarelo Tartrasina foram utilizadas como traçadores para a calda com e sem surfatante, respectivamente. Os resultados do primeiro estudo revelaram que os depósitos observados em toda a folha e na face adaxial das lâminas foliares de aguapé diminuíram à medida que se aumentou a angulação vertical, independentemente da ponta utilizada. Os menores depósitos sempre estiveram relacionados ao ângulo vertical de 90º, independentemente do ângulo horizontal utilizado. Não foi detectado nenhum depósito na face abaxial das folhas de aguapé em todas as combinações dos fatores estudados. No segundo estudo também foram observados os mesmos decréscimos no volume de calda depositado em toda a folha e na face adaxial à medida que se aumentou a angulação vertical das lâminas foliares. As duas pontas proporcionaram depósitos nulos na face abaxial quando o surfatante não foi utilizado; entretanto, a adição do surfatante à calda incrementou significativamente os depósitos nesta face da folha do aguapé.

Avaliação qualitativa e quantitativa da deposição de calda de pulverização em Commelina diffusa

Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar a quantidade e qualidade da deposição da calda de pulverização em plantas de Commelina diffusa, considerando volumes de aplicação, pontas de pulverização e o ângulo dos bicos na barra de pulverização. Foram utilizadas cinco hastes de plantas por vaso. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com 20 repetições. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação, e a aplicação da calda foi efetuada após 40 dias do transplantio das hastes, quando estavam com 30 a 40 cm de comprimento (em pleno desenvolvimento). Foram avaliadas cinco pontas de pulverização: TX-VK 6 (100 L ha-1), TX-VK 8 (200 L ha-1), XR 11001 VS (100 L ha-1), XR 11002 VS (200 L ha¹) e TJ60 11002 VS (100 e 200 L ha-1), as quais foram testadas com diferentes ângulos de aplicação (0º e +30º), exceto a TJ60 11002 VS. Foi utilizado como traçador o corante Azul Brilhante FDC-1 na concentração de 500 ppm, na determinação da deposição da calda de pulverização. Imediatamente após a aplicação, 20 hastes foram coletadas e, em seguida, lavadas em 100 mL de água destilada, para posterior quantificação do traçador em espectrofotômetro. Os dados foram transformados em valores de depósitos por grama de massa seca e ajustados à curva de regressão pelo modelo de Gompertz. Independentemente da ponta utilizada, o volume de 200 L ha-1 proporcionou os maiores depósitos nas plantas, destacando-se a ponta TJ60. A ponta XR 11001 VS (100 L ha-1) proporcionou a melhor uniformidade quando se utilizou o ângulo de +30º.

Desenvolvimento de um destilador solar para tratamento de águas de produção de petróleo com vistas a sua utilização na agricultura e geração de vapor

The production of petroleum is frequently accomplished with great volumes of water, that it is carried of the underground with the oil. It is a challenge of the present century the development of technologies that allow the use of waste water for purposes that consume great amounts of water and don't demand as rigid as the one of the drinking water requirements. The solar distillation has been configuring as an alternative of clean technology for desalination of brine and saline. Besides causing the minimum possible damage to the environment, it takes advantage of an abundant and free energy source: the solar energy. That study aims to develop a Solar Distillator for treatment of the produced water of the oil wells, to obtain an efluent to use in agriculture and vapor generation. The methodology for collection, conservation and analysis of the physical-chemical parameters obeyed the norms in APHA (1995). The sampling was of the composed type. Experiments were accomplished in the solar distillation pilot and simulation in thermostatic bathing. The operation was in batch system and for periods of 4, 6 and 12 h. The developed Distillator is of the type simple effect of two waters. It was still tested two inclination angles for covering; 20º and 45º. The Distillator presented minimum of 2,85 L/m2d revenues and maximum of 7,14 L/m2d. The removals of salts were great than 98%. The removal of TOC in the simulation was great than 90%. In agreement with the data of energy and mass balance, it was verified that the developed solar Distillator presented compatible revenues with those found in literature for similar types. It can be inferred that the obtained distilled water assists to the requirements CONAMA in almost all the points and could be used for irrigation of cultures such as cotton and mamona. As the distilled water has characteristics of fresh water it can be used in the generation of vapor

Avaliação da molhabilidade de soluções de tensoativos em aço inoxidável

With the increasing industrialization of the planet caused by globalization, it has become increasingly common to search for highly resistant and durable materials for many diverse branches of activities. Thus, production and demand for materials that meet these requirements have constantly increased with time. In view of this, stainless steel is presented as one of the materials which are suitable applications, due to many features that are interesting for several segments of the industry. Concerns of oil companies over heavy oil reservoirs have grown steadily for the last decades. Rheological properties of these oils impair their transport in conventional flow systems. This problem has created the need to develop technologies to improve flow and transport, reducing operation costs so as to enable oil production in the reservoir. Therefore, surfactant-based chemical systems are proposed to optimize transport conditions, effected by reduction of interfacial tensions, thereby enhancing the flow of oil in ducts and reducing load losses by friction. In order to examine such interactions, a study on the wettability of metallic surfaces has been undertaken, represented by measuring of contact angle of surfactant solutions onto flat plates of 304 stainless steel. Aqueous solutions of KCl, surfactants and mixtures of surfactants, with linear and aromatic hydrocarbon chain and ethoxylation degrees ranging between 20 to 100, have been tested. The wettability was assessed by means of a DSA 100 krüss goniometer. The influence of roughness on the wettability was also investigated by machining and polished the stainless steel plates with sandpapers of references ranging between 100 of 1200. The results showed that sanding and polishing plates result in decrease of wettability. As for the solutions, they have provided better wettability of the stainless steel than the KCl solutions tested. It was also been concluded that surfactant mixtures is an option to be considered, since they promote interactions that generate satisfactory contact angles for a good wettability on the stainless steel plate. Another conclusion refers to the influence of the ethoxylation degree of the nonionic surfactant molecules on wettability. It has been observed that contact angles decrease with decreasing ethoxylation degrees. This leads us to conclude that molecules with higher ethoxylation degree, being more hydrophobic, decrease the interaction of water with the ducts, thereby reducing friction and improving the flow

Estudo da viabilidade da destilação solar para polimento de águas produzidas de petróleo

This work study of solar distillation feasibility in effluent of petroleum industry: produced water, making possible your reuse for irrigation of oleaginous cultures or fodder crops or in steam generation, as well the transport phenomena involved. The methodology for development of this project was to characterize the effluent to be treated and to accomplish physical and chemical analysis in the distilled, to build distillation equipment, concomitant operation of both equipments and implementation of data processing and economical evaluation. The methodology used for all parameters is outlined in APHA (1998) and sampling of the type compound. The feeding of distillation equipment was performed with treated effluent from UTPF of Guamaré. The temperature was monitored throughout the distillers and during the time of operation. The distillers feed occur, as a rule, for sifon. The distillers were operated by a period of 17 months between July 2007 and February 2009, in which 40 experiments were performed. The radiation and temperature datas were acquired in the INPE s site and the temperature inside of the distillers was registered by DATALOGGER Novus. The rates of condensation (mL / min) were determined by measuring of the flow in a graduate test tube of 10 mL and a chronometer. We used two simple solar effect distillers of passive type with different angles in coverage: 20 ° and 45 °. The results obtained in this study and the relevant discussions are divided into six topics: sample characterization and quality of distilled; construction of distillers; operation (data, temperature profile), climatic aspects, treatment of data and economical analysis. Results obtained can be inferred that: the energy loss by the adoption of vessel glass was not significant, however, complicates the logistics of maintenance the equipment on a large scale. In the other hand, the surface of the tub with a glass shield on the equipment deterioration, both devices showed similar performance, so there is not justified for use of equipment 450. With regard to the climatological study it was verified that the Natal city presents monthly medium radiation varying in a range between 350 and 600 W/m2, and medium of wind speed of 5 m / s. The medium humidity is around 70% and rainfall is very small. The regime of the system is transient and although it has been treated as a stationary system shows that the model accurately represents the distillers system's 20 degrees. The quality of the distilled with regard to the parameters evaluated in this study is consistent with the Class 3 waters of CONAMA (Resolution 357). Therefore we can conclude that solar distillation has viability for treat oilfield produced water when considered the technical and environmental aspects, although it is not economically viable

Estimativa da radiação global incidente em superfícies inclinadas por modelos isotrópicos e índice de claridade

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho de modelos isotrópicos de estimativa do total de radiação incidente em superfícies inclinadas e propor estimativas com base nas correlações entre os índices de claridade horizontais e inclinados, em diferentes condições de cobertura de céu, em Botucatu, SP. Foram avaliadas superfícies com inclinação de 12,85º, 22,85º e 32,85º, pelos modelos isotrópicos propostos por Liu & Jordan, Revfeim, Jimenez & Castro, Koronakis, a teoria Circunsolar, e a correlação entre os índices de claridade horizontais e inclinados, para diferentes condições de cobertura de céu. O banco de dados de radiação global utilizado corresponde ao período de 1998 a 2007, com intervalos de 4/1998 a 8/2001 para a inclinação de 22,85º, de 9/2001 a 2/2003 para 12,85º e de 1/2004 a 12/2007 para 32,85º. O desempenho dos modelos foi avaliado pelos indicadores estatísticos erro absoluto médio, raiz quadrada do quadrado médio do erro e índice d de Wilmott. Os modelos de Liu & Jordan, Koronakis e de Revfeim apresentaram os melhores desempenhos em dias nublados, em todas as inclinações. As coberturas de céu parcialmente difuso e parcialmente aberto, nos maiores ângulos de inclinação, apresentaram as maiores dispersões entre valores estimados e medidos, independentemente do modelo. As equações estatísticas apresentaram bons resultados em aplicações com agrupamentos de dados mensais.

Um hipermídia sobre fases da lua para o ensino de astronomia a distância

The interdisciplinary nature of Astronomy makes it a field of great potential to explore various scientific concepts. However, studies show a great lack of understanding of fundamental subjects, including models that explain phenomena that mark everyday life, like the phases of the moon. Particularly in the context of distance education, learning of such models can be favored by the use of technologies of information and communication. Among other possibilities, we highlight the importance of digital materials that motivate and expand the forms of representation available about phenomena and models. It is also important, however, that these materials promote the explicitation of student's conceptions, as well as interaction with the most central aspects of the astronomical model for the phenomenon. In this dissertation we present a hypermedia module aimed at learning about the phases of the moon, drawn from an investigation on the difficulties with the subject during an Astronomy course for teaching training at undergraduate level at UFRN. The tests of three semesters of course were analyzed, taking into account also the alternative conceptions reported in the literature in astronomy education. The product makes use of small texts, questions, images and interactive animations. Emphasizes questions about the illumination of the Moon and other bodies, and their relationship to the sun, the perception from different angles of objects illuminated by a single source, the cause of the alternation between day and night, the identification of Moon's orbit around the Earth and the occurrence of the phases as a result of the position of observing it, and the perception of time involved in the phenomenon. The module incorporated considerations obtained from interviews with students in two poles where its given presential support for students of the course, and subjects from different pedagogical contexts. The final form of the material was used in a real situation of learning, as supplementary material for the final test of the discipline. The material was analyzed by 7 students and 4 tutors, among 56 users, in the period in question. Most students considered that the so called "Lunar Module" made a difference in their learning, the animations were considered the most prominent aspect, the images were indicated as stimulating and enlightening, and the text informative and enjoyable. The analysis of learning of these students, observing their responses to issues raised at the last evaluation, suggested gains in key aspects relating to the understanding of the phases, but also indicates more persistent difficulties. The work leads us to conclude that it is important to seek contributions for the training of science teachers making use of new technologies, with attention to the treatment of computer as a complementary resource. The interviews that preceded the use of the module, and the way student has sought the module if with questions and/or previous conflicts - established great difference in the effective contribution of the material, indicating that it should be used with the mediation of teacher or tutor, or via strategies that cause interactions between students. It is desirable that these interactions are associated with the recovery of memories of the subjects about previous observations and models, as well as the stimulus to new observations of phenomena

Geometrias não-eucludianas como anomalias: implicações para o ensino de geometria e medidas

This present research the aim to show to the reader the Geometry non-Euclidean while anomaly indicating the pedagogical implications and then propose a sequence of activities, divided into three blocks which show the relationship of Euclidean geometry with non-Euclidean, taking the Euclidean with respect to analysis of the anomaly in non-Euclidean. PPGECNM is tied to the line of research of History, Philosophy and Sociology of Science in the Teaching of Natural Sciences and Mathematics. Treat so on Euclid of Alexandria, his most famous work The Elements and moreover, emphasize the Fifth Postulate of Euclid, particularly the difficulties (which lasted several centuries) that mathematicians have to understand him. Until the eighteenth century, three mathematicians: Lobachevsky (1793 - 1856), Bolyai (1775 - 1856) and Gauss (1777-1855) was convinced that this axiom was correct and that there was another geometry (anomalous) as consistent as the Euclid, but that did not adapt into their parameters. It is attributed to the emergence of these three non-Euclidean geometry. For the course methodology we started with some bibliographical definitions about anomalies, after we ve featured so that our definition are better understood by the readers and then only deal geometries non-Euclidean (Hyperbolic Geometry, Spherical Geometry and Taxicab Geometry) confronting them with the Euclidean to analyze the anomalies existing in non-Euclidean geometries and observe its importance to the teaching. After this characterization follows the empirical part of the proposal which consisted the application of three blocks of activities in search of pedagogical implications of anomaly. The first on parallel lines, the second on study of triangles and the third on the shortest distance between two points. These blocks offer a work with basic elements of geometry from a historical and investigative study of geometries non-Euclidean while anomaly so the concept is understood along with it s properties without necessarily be linked to the image of the geometric elements and thus expanding or adapting to other references. For example, the block applied on the second day of activities that provides extend the result of the sum of the internal angles of any triangle, to realize that is not always 180° (only when Euclid is a reference that this conclusion can be drawn)