Avalia����o da gest��o de risco nas empresas paulistanas de comércio eletr��nico

O comércio eletr��nico vem crescendo de forma significativa nestes ��ltimos anos no Brasil. Isto vem fazendo com que cada vez mais empreendedores utilizem ou estudem a possibilidade de valerem-se deste canal de venda para a comercializa����o de todo tipo de produto. Mas, como todo tipo de neg��cio, o comércio eletr��nico possui suas particularidades que representam a diferen��a entre o sucesso e o fracasso desse tipo de empreendimento. Muitas dessas caracter��sticas podem se inferir consultando a literatura existente, artigos de jornais e revistas, consultando especialistas ou empresas especializadas na montagem dessas lojas e associa����es de classe do setor. Mas, ao analisar esse tipo de neg��cio sob a ��tica da gest��o de risco, muito pouca literatura �� encontrada. Encontram-se refer��ncias ou artigos tratando de algum aspecto em espec��fico do comércio eletr��nico, ou da gest��o de risco, mas muito poucos artigos tratando destes dois assuntos em conjunto. O objetivo deste trabalho foi tentar preencher esta lacuna. Como metodologia para esta pesquisa, levantamos a literatura existente, o referencial te��rico em termos de gest��o de risco e das t��cnicas de avalia����o de riscos, do comércio eletr��nico, tipos, estat��sticas, funcionamento, caracter��sticas e modelos. Como n��o encontramos par��metros j�� definidos ligando esses dois assuntos, dividimos a gest��o do risco no comércio eletr��nico em cinco grandes grupos, estrat��gico, de marketing, financeiro, de tecnologia e log��stico. Em seguida, realizamos uma pesquisa explorat��ria junto a especialistas em comércio eletr��nico que trabalham com a gest��o de risco para determinar quais fatores de risco seriam os mais importantes, ou que deveriam ser controlados para efetuar a gest��o do risco. Uma vez definidos esses fatores, realizamos pesquisas de campo junto ��s lojas virtuais na cidade de S��o Paulo para saber quais riscos estavam efetivamente sendo controlados e qual a import��ncia do controle desses riscos. Ao final destas pesquisas, definimos quais riscos s��o hoje controlados, e qual o grau de import��ncia do controle desses riscos. Emitimos uma s��rie de recomenda����es para aqueles que trabalham com o comércio eletr��nico ou que desejam empreender neste tipo de neg��cio e finalmente montamos uma proposta para hierarquiza����o da gest��o de risco em comércio eletr��nico.

Cyberbullying : a viol��ncia virtu@l conectada ao mundo real dos estudantes em contextos universit��rios do Brasil e Portugal

Tese de doutoramento, Psicologia (Psicologia da Educa����o), Universidade de Lisboa, 2016

Comercializa����o de cr��ditos de carbono no Brasil: oportunidade de inova����o nos neg��cios

Os pa��ses desenvolvidos signat��rios do Protocolo de Quioto se comprometeram a reduzir, em m��dia, 5,2% os n��veis de poluentes entre os anos de 2008 e 2012, com possibilidade de amplia����o do per��odo. Para alcan��ar tais metas, as na����es industrializadas devem instituir a����es ecol��gicas internas ou compensar os volumes de emiss��o de poluentes mediante compra de cr��ditos de carbono dos pa��ses em desenvolvimento, cujos n��veis de emiss��o s��o significativamente menores. O comércio internacional de cr��ditos de carbono pode ser visto como uma fonte de oportunidades para o Brasil, e esse fato define a import��ncia do presente estudo.

A Matriz Filos��fica do Presbiterianismo no Brasil

Os mission��rios protestantes presbiterianos que vieram para o Brasil no in��cio da segunda metade do s��culo XIX trouxeram uma interpreta����o calvinista da b��blia, pois permaneceram fieis �� forma����o princetoniana que efetivou uma s��ntese entre ortodoxia calvinista e pietismo. Estes pricetonianos tinham como base epistemol��gica a filosofia de Thomas Reid, conhecida como o Realismo do Senso Comum. Essa filosofia �� utilizada como uma epistemologia reformada, ou calvinista. Ela �� compreendida em sua forma����o escocesa e consequentemente americana, via Princeton, como a Epistemologia Providencial. Desta forma, quando ela �� assimilada pelos brasileiros por meio da prega����o e da forma����o teol��gica, a mesma se torna parte do perfil presbiteriano brasileiro como doutrina filos��fica. A Filosofia do Senso Comum se gesta como cr��tica �� filosofia empirista de David Hume que, para Reid, convergiria para um poss��vel aniquilamento da religi��o e para uma vis��o pessimista da ci��ncia, afetando o empirismo, por conseguinte, causando uma nova formula����o mais pr��xima do ceticismo. Por isso, Reid formulou a filosofia que para ele contrap��e-se a Locke e Berkeley e depois a David Hume, afirmando que a realidade �� independente de nossa apreens��o. Ou seja, na percep����o do mundo exterior n��o h�� interfer��ncia do sujeito cognoscente sobre o objeto do conhecimento. A nossa rela����o com os objetos �� direta e n��o deve ser desvirtuada por intermedia����es. Na implanta����o do protestantismo no Brasil, via mission��rios de Princeton, n��o houve uma defesa intransigente dos princ��pios calvinistas por parte de mission��rios como Fletcher e Simonton e sim uma continuidade da leitura das escrituras sagradas pelo vi��s calvinista, como era feito no Semin��rio de Princeton. N��o havia uma ��nfase acentuada na defesa da ortodoxia porque o tema do liberalismo teol��gico, ou do conflito entre modernismo e fundamentalismo n��o se fazia necess��rio na conjuntura local, onde predominava a preocupa����o pela evangeliza����o em termos pr��ticos. O conceitos da Filosofia do Senso Comum eram pr��ximos do empirismo mitigado de Silvestre Pinheiro e do Ecletismo de Victor Cousin. Por isso, no Brasil, o local em que mais se v�� a utiliza����o da filosofia do Senso Comum �� nos debates entre intelectuais, em tr��s pontos interessantes: 1��) O Senso Comum ficou restrito ao espa��o acad��mico, na forma����o de novos pastores, sendo que as obras de Charles Hodge e A. A. Hodge s��o as principais fontes de implanta����o desta mentalidade ratificadora da experi��ncia religiosa e, desta forma, delineiam o rosto do protestantismo entre presbiterianos, uma das principais denomina����es protestantes do final do s��culo XIX; 2��) Nos debates entre cl��rigos cat��licos e protestantes em pol��micas teol��gicas;. 3��) No aproveitamento utilitarista da assimila����o cultural estrangeira pelos protestantes nacionais, n��o por ��ltimo, facilitada pela simpatia dos liberais brasileiros pelo protestantismo, ao mesmo tempo que mantinham uma linha filos��fica mais pr��xima do empirismo mitigado e do ecletismo. Assim, nossa hip��tese pretende demonstrar que os protestantes trouxeram em seu bojo as formula����es epistemol��gicas que foram passadas para um grupo de intelectuais, que formaram o quadro dos primeiros pastores presbiterianos da hist��ria desta denomina����o. Eles foram convertidos e assimilaram melhor as novas doutrinas por meio de mais do que simples prega����es, mas pela sua forma filos��fica de encarar os objetos estudados, e que tais informa����es v��m por meio da base epistemol��gica do Realismo do Senso Comum, que encontra espa��o nos ideais republicanos brasileiros do s��culo XIX.

Din��micas de reprodu����o do comércio e os novos pap��is urbanos de pequenas cidades norte-rio-grandenses: um olhar a partir das redes associativistas de supermercados

The work presented here aims to make an analysis of the socio-spatial dynamics of associative supermarket chains and their importance in redefining the roles of small urban North Rio Grande cities. The theoretical approach gives priority to business as a city constituent whose understanding allows us to seize the new socio-spatial dynamics of small towns in the face of globalization and which caused changes in the scope of its commercial forms. In this sense, we understand that trade, as an essentially urban activity has a very specific characteristic, with respect to its ability to transform the content and meaning of places. Another important factor in the construction work was the context of changes in the capitalist production system with the advent of flexible production and the determinations of the economic globalization process that brought new ways of organizing trade. The empirical analysis of the research includes two associative supermarket chains, the ���Rede 10��� and the ���Rede Serid�����, bringing together basic elements for understanding the genesis and evolution of this new organizational model of trade in small towns of the state, as well as allowed -In understand the main changes in this segment of commercial activity. The methodology we used literature in books and periodicals, collected mainly secondary data collection with the SEBRAE and the ABRAS and was still a field research where interviews were conducted forwarded along to the associative network managers to supermarkets, owners of associated facilities and with consumers of the surveyed networks .Finally, we conclude that the formation and expansion of associative supermarket chains in the context of small cities potiguares is essentially in a survival alternative traditional small traders, that sharing the associative principles albeit somewhat rigidly guided by the training cooperation networks can not only stay in the market , but to impose as a new agent in the capital of the reproduction process. Thus, the associative supermarket chains in the search for new spaces, particularly within small towns end up promoting new momentum in these cities providing different flows and interconnections with different places, giving new content and urban roles. By taking not only the condition of the place of living, but also the place to reproduce the capital, small towns offer their population better able to make purchases, thus avoiding the mandatory population shifts to other urban centers in order to meet their consumption needs.

Comércio e cidade: processos e formas espaciais em Pau dos Ferros/RN

This wor k problematizou - if the relationship between trade and city, with a view to considering the role of this activity in urban dynamics of Pau dos Ferros, from the decade of 1980. From this perspective, characterized the city from a historical point of view, em phasizing the commercial dynamics in the urban context, regarding the number of establishments, typologies, specializations; identified the vectors of modernization of commercial activity in the city; it was recognized from the dissemination of trade in ur ban space, the processes and the space forms associated with this dynamic. The methodology involved bibliographic research, documentary research in organs, such as the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estat��stica (IBGE), Servi��o Brasileiro de Apoio a Mi cro e Pequenas Empresas (SEBRAE), C��mara de Dirigentes Lojistas (CDL) of Pau dos Ferros and Municipal Government, as well as field research. The results of the survey indicate that the City of Pau dos Ferros, from a historical point of view, had its origin linked to trade and has the center as the site of the genesis of this activity, because the largest number of establishments, typologies and specializations are there; the commercial activity is marked by the coexistence between traditional ways and moder n, these being allocated in the central area of the city, for example, supermarkets and specialty stores; and the dissemination of trade in the urban area of Pau dos Ferros revealed the center of the city and the Avenue Independence as the places where the y are more expressive, the processes and forms associated with this activity.

"Do alto da colina" - a prov��ncia do Rio Grande do Norte, o comércio, os rios Potengi e Jundia�� e o complexo comercial do Guarapes 1850 - 1900

The commercial complex Guarapes was during the second half of the nineteenth century most commercial street of Rio Grande do Norte province. In that time frame, you can see its flourishing as one of the central places of trade in the province in 1850, and its subsequent abandonment in 1900. This thesis aims to investigate, in its first part, the paths that help to understand, as the context of the expansion of global markets in the second half of the nineteenth century enabled the conditions for the emergence of the commercial complex. However, trade relations established in this province through the commercial complex, even participating in this global environment, reserved particular characteristics in their social and trade relations, as if dealing with a peripheral province, we look at the uniqueness of the relationship occurred in this space. In the second part, we seek to understand the importance that the rivers Potengi and Jundia�� had to install the commercial complex Guarapes in the second half of the nineteenth century. As the geographical position in relation to rivers, enabled this space became flow zone and confluence of goods distributed to the various parts of the interior of the province. We also monitor the process that made these rivers leave the role of mobility and transport relations in this space, giving way the railways and roads shooting. In the third part, we seek to understand the commercial complex Guarapes in focus. Analyzing their spatial distribution on the landscape, and how the spatial organization held at the same time traces of the Brazilian patriarchy exposed by Gilberto Freyre, but also "modern" features, due to the increase of a new culture inserted material in the province. We also seek to understand elements of material culture that was the environment of the complex, and how these materials are important sources for understanding this society under study. We treat from the biggest to the smallest fragments without hierarchize them. Understanding that, the study associated the written sources and materials provide a gain in understanding of everyday these people who lived in that area of the complex in the second half of the nineteenth century.

Padr��o de especializa����o comercial e crescimento econ��mico : uma an��lise sobre o Brasil no contexto da fragmenta����o da produ����o e das cadeias globais de valor

Globalization and technological changes that has happened since the 80s have brought remarkable changes in the industrial and commercial paradigm, which are expressed mainly in the international fragmentation of production and in the formation of Global Value Chains (GVC). This thesis sought to understand such phenomena and discuss new relevant variables in this context for a more accurate analysis of the current trade patterns not addressed by the seminal economic theories that relate trade and economic growth. It sought to evaluate how the trade specialization pattern of Brazil evolved compared to other economies (China, India, Russia, United States, Japan and selected Latin American economies) in the light of these phenomena from 1995 to 2011. Therefore, we have used the methodology of gross exports decomposition in value added measures, developed by Koopman et al. (2014), and indicators estimated from data of two global matrices I-O: a WIOT (2013) and the TiVA (2015). It was also tested two hypotheses regarding the role of these phenomena as determinants of economic growth in recent years: 1��) fragmentation and participation in GVC ensure higher growth rates for countries; 2��) the place (stage) in which the country finds itself in GVC associated with sectoral technological aspects is also important for economic growth. For this, we used dynamic panel models (Difference GMM and System GMM) for a sample of 40 countries from 2003 to 2011. The studies carried out on Brazil show that the country is no longer on the margins of these phenomena, because it shows increasing rates of participation in GVC, including in sectors considered most strategic for fragmentation. However, there is not a standard convergence of trade specialization of the country to those presented by developed countries or movements earned by China and Mexico in terms of their position and profile of participating in GVC. Another important result obtained by the thesis is the identification of these phenomena are in fact new variables relevant for economic growth, because it shows empirical evidences to support the hypothesis 1 and, partially, the hypothesis 2. A joint analysis of the estimated econometric results with the results of the descriptive analysis of the Brazilian economy, it leads us to conclude that the trade specialization pattern of the country in the context of the new trade setups is presented unfavorably to its growth strategy.

La imagen de la cultura espa��ola en Brasil

El presente documento analiza la percepci��n actual de la cultura espa��ola en Brasil, para lo que se han utilizado los datos obtenidos de una encuesta realizada al ciudadano medio; en total, 504 personas respondieron a las preguntas propuestas, de las que se puede extraer, sin duda y de una forma generalizada, que la cultura espa��ola es el punto fuerte de su imagen exterior. Aun as��, los datos disponibles sobre la imagen cultural de Espa��a en el mundo son muy reducidos. Se ha elegido Brasil, debido a la doble uni��n de inter��s que cuenta con Espa��a: las hist��ricas relaciones, que han pasado el testigo a los acuerdos econ��micos, que principalmente afloran en Brasil. Con el fin de ofrecer un mapa completo de la imagen cultural espa��ola en este pa��s, en primer lugar se enumeran los variados actores encargados de representar y diseminar las ��reas culturales por el territorio brasile��o. Ya sean administraciones p��blicas, ��mbito privado o ciudadan��a, de una forma individualizada o agrupados en redes, se esfuerzan para que las percepciones y opiniones sean lo m��s elevadas posibles.

Un Brasil suramericano y una Espa��a europeizada: relaciones en el marco iberoamericano

Este art��culo examina las relaciones entre Brasil y Espa��a en el plano bilateral, en la Comunidad Iberoamericana y en el marco interregional de las relaciones entre la Uni��n Europea y Am��rica Latina y el Caribe. Las relaciones bilaterales se han caracterizado por un r��pido desarrollo, as�� como por su continuidad y pragmatismo pese a las visibles diferencias ideol��gicas entre los gobiernos de ambas partes. Sin embargo, el creciente liderazgo de Brasil en Am��rica del Sur y el proceso de europeizaci��n de la pol��tica exterior espa��ola introducen nuevos elementos en la relaci��n que debilitan el compromiso iberoamericano de Brasil y suponen crecientes problemas de coherencia de pol��tica para Espa��a y la UE. A partir de una conclusi��n exitosa de las negociaciones UE-Mercosur, el art��culo identifica estrategias para profundizar la alianza estrat��gica entre Espa��a y Brasil.

A imprensa regional como fonte para o estudo da emigra����o para o Brasil ��� Lamego na primeira metade do s��culo XX

Oscilando entre a defesa da repress��o da sa��da daqueles que abandonam o seu pa��s em procura de melhores condi����es de vida, pelos impactos negativos que da�� advinham para Portugal, e o reconhecimento de que o desenvolvimento local dependia, quase exclusivamente, das remessas dos emigrantes ou dos que, depois de uma vida de trabalho no exterior, retornavam �� sua terra natal, a imprensa regional deve ser entendida, na primeira metade do s��culo XX, como um complexo bar��metro das sensibilidades locais relativamente �� quest��o da emigra����o. Esta ambival��ncia no posicionamento dos jornais publicados no interior do pa��s face a uma quest��o sobre a qual o discurso oficial, produzido a partir de Lisboa, apresenta, na generalidade dos casos, uma perspectiva negativa, n��o tem merecido a devida aten����o na historiografia.

An��lise metagen��mica da microbiota de ambientes aqu��ticos do estado do Rio Grande do Norte - Brasil

The screening for genes in metagenomic libraries from soil creates opportunities to explore the enormous genetic and metabolic diversity of microorganisms. Rivers are ecosystems with high biological diversity, but few were examined using the metagenomic approach. With this objective, a metagenomic library was constructed from DNA soil samples collected at three different points along the Jundia��-river (Rio Grande do Norte-Brazil). The points sampled are from open area, rough terrain and with the direct incidence of sunlight. This library was analyzed functionally and based in sequence. For functional analysis Luria-Bertani solid medium (LB) with NaCl concentration varied from 0.17M to 0.85M was used for functional analysis. Positives clones resistant to hypersaline medium were obtained. The recombinant DNAs were extracted and transformed into Escherichia coli strain DH10B and survival curves were obtained for quantification of abiotic stress resistance. The sequences of clones were obtained and submitted to the BLASTX tool. Some clones were found to hypothetical proteins of microorganisms from both Archaea and Bacteria division. One of the clones showed a complete ORF with high similarity to glucose-6-phosphate isomerase which participates in the synthesis of glycerol pathway and serves as a compatible solute to balance the osmotic pressure inside and outside of cells. Subsequently, in order to identify genes encoding osmolytes or enzymes related halotolerance, environmental DNA samples from the river soil, from the water column of the estuary and ocean were collected and pyrosequenced. Sequences of osmolytes and enzymes of different microorganisms were obtained from the UniProt and used as RefSeqs for homology identification (TBLASTN) in metagenomic databases. The sequences were submitted to HMMER for the functional domains identification. Some enzymes were identified: alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase, L-ectoina synthase (EctC), transaminase L-2 ,4-diaminobutyric acid (EctB), L-2 ,4-diaminobutyric acetyltransferase (EctA), L-threonine 3 dehydrogenase (sorbitol pathway), glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, inositol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, chaperones, L-proline, glycine betaine binding ABC transporter, myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase protein of proline simportadora / PutP sodium-and trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase These proteins are commonly related to saline environments, however the identification of them in river environment is justified by the high salt concentration in the soil during prolonged dry seasons this river. Regarding the richness of the microbiota the river substrate has an abundance of halobacteria similar to the sea and more than the estuary. These data confirm the existence of a specialized response against salt stress by microorganisms in the environment of the Jundia�� river

Padr��es temporais e espaciais na detec����o de res��duos e contaminantes na produ����o de aves e su��nos no Brasil

Disserta����o (mestrado)���Universidade de Bras��lia, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterin��ria, 2016.