Avaliação do potencial de formigas (Hymenoptera: formicidae) como vetores mecânicos de bactérias do gêneroSstaphylococcus no ambiente hospitalar.

In a hospital environment, these bacteria can be spread by insects such as ants, which are characterized by high adaptability to the urban environment. Staphylococcus is a leading cause of hospital infection. In Europe, Latin America, USA and Canada, the group of coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) is the second leading cause of these infections, according to SENTRY (antimicrobial surveillance program- EUA). In this study, we investigated the potential of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) as vehicle mechanics of Staphylococcus bacteria in a public hospital, in Natal-RN. The ants were collected, day and night, from June 2007 to may 2008, in the following sectors: hospitals, laundry, kitchen, blood bank. The ants were identified according to the identification key of Bolton, 1997. For the analysis of staphylococci, the ants were incubated in broth Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB) for 24 hours at 35 º C and then incubated on Mannitol Salt Agar. The typical colonies of staphylococci incubated for 24 hours at 35 ° C in Tryptic Soy Agar for the characterization tests (Gram stain, catalase, susceptibility to bacitracin and free coagulase). The identification of CoNS was performed through biochemical tests: susceptibility to novobiocin, growth under anaerobic conditions, presence of urease, the ornithine decarboxylation and acid production from the sugars mannose, maltose, trehalose, mannitol and xylose. The antimicrobial susceptibility examined by disk-diffusion technique. The technique of Polymerase Chain Reaction was used to confirm the presence of mecA gene and the ability to produce biofilm was verified by testing in vitro using polystyrene inert surface, in samples of resistant staphylococci. Among 440 ants, 85 (19.1%) were carrying coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) of the species Staphylococcus saprophyticus (17), Staphylococcus epidermidis (15), Staphylococcus xylosus (13), Staphylococcus hominis hominis (10), Staphylococcus lugdunensis (10), Staphylococcus warneri (6), Staphylococcus cohnii urealyticum (5), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (3), Staphylococcus simulans (3), Staphylococcus cohnii cohnii (2), and Staphylococcus capitis (1). No Staphylococcus aureus was found. Among the isolates, 30.58% showed resistance to erythromycin. Two samples of CoNS (2.35%), obtained from the ant Tapinoma melanocephalum collected in the post-surgical female ward, S. Hominis hominis and S. lugdunensis harbored the mecA gene and were resistant to multiple antibiotics, and the specie S. hominis hominis even showed to be a biofilm producer. This study proves that ants act as carriers of multidrug-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococci and biofilm producers and points to the risk of the spreading of pathogenic microorganisms by this insect in the hospital environment

Variação temporal da riqueza de táxons, abundância e biomassa de artrópodes em ambiente de restinga do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil

Arthropods are abundant organisms possess great wealth and diversity representing about 82% of all known animal species. Contribute as a source of biomass and their abundance is an indicator of ecological change. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biomass and abundance found in the salt marsh environment throughout the year and relate them to the climatic factors (temperature, precipitation and relative humidity) that can influence the abundance and biomass of arthropods. The study was conducted at the Centro de Lançamento de Foguetes Barreira do Inferno, city of Parnamirim, Rio Grande do Norte, in the period February 2011 to January 2012, using pitfall traps, stationary window and beating tray. Among the 26 orders found, the most abundant were: Hymenoptera, Orthoptera, Araneae. Taxa Hymenoptera, Blattodea and Orthoptera showed higher biomass volume. Climatic factors did not influence the fall of Arthropods in the traps, however, the lowest abundance during the rainy season the action of raindrops, reduced the activity of these arthropods on vegetation, reducing its capture in traps (pitfall traps and stationary window ) and method of collection(entomological umbrella)

Relação entre ambiente familiar e capacidade funcional de idosos residentes no município de Jequié-BA

(Objective) Assess the functional capacity and determine the difference between the means of functional capacity (basic and instrumental activities of daily living) and the age groups of elderly residents in an outlying area in the hinterland of Bahia/Northeast of Brazil. (Methods) Analytical study with cross-sectional design and a sample of 150 elderly individuals enrolled in four Health Units in the municipality of Jequié, Bahia, Brazil. The instrument consisted of sociodemographic and health data, the Barthel Index and the Lawton scale. (Results) In all, 78.00% of the elderly were classified as dependent in the basic activities and 65.33% in the instrumental activities of daily living. Using the Kruskal- Wallis test, we found a statistically significant difference between the means of instrumental activities and the age groups (p= 0.011). (Conclusion) An elevated number of elderly were classified as dependent in terms of functional capacity and increased age is related to greater impairment in the execution of instrumental activities of daily living

QUANTIFICAÇÃO DE AÇÚCARES em PÊSSEGOS da VARIEDADE BIUTI, ARMAZENADOS SOB CONDIÇÕES DE AMBIENTE E REFRIGERAÇÃO

O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar e quantificar os açúcares em frutos de pessegueiro da variedade 'Biuti', armazenados sob condições de ambiente (27,3ºC; 70% UR) e sob refrigeração (4ºC; 90%), comparar as diferenças entre os teores de açúcares nas duas condições de armazenamento. A identificação e a quantificação precisa dos açúcares (glicose, frutose e sacarose) foi realizada por cromatografia em fase líquida HPLC. Verificou-se que a sacarose foi o açúcar encontrado em maior quantidade, sendo verificado apenas traços de glicose e frutose em alguns frutos. Sob condições ambientais, os teores de sacarose do 3º até o 9º dia de armazenamento não diferiram significativamente entre si; entretanto, no 12º dia, os frutos obtiveram baixos teores de sacarose, pois os mesmos já estavam em processo de senescência. Sob refrigeração, o aumento nos teores de açúcares dos frutos ocorreu gradativamente durante todo o armazenamento, e ao final do mesmo, verificaram-se os maiores teores de sacarose, frutose e glicose, os quais eram mais elevados do que os encontrados nos frutos armazenados sob condições ambientais.

Fermentação alcoólica de substrato amiláceo e hidrolisado enriquecido com melaço de cana

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Estimativa da área foliar de plantas daninhas de ambiente aquático: Pistia stratiotes

A área foliar é uma das principais características para avaliar o crescimento vegetal. Objetivou-se neste trabalho determinar uma equação matemática para estimar a área foliar de Pistia stratiotes a partir de dimensões lineares dos limbos foliares. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida na Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal-SP, Brasil. Cem folhas, coletadas no ambiente natural, foram eletronicamente medidas em comprimento (C), largura máxima (L) e área foliar (AF). Os dados de AF e C × L foram submetidos à análise de regressão linear, determinando-se uma equação matemática para estimar a área foliar da espécie. A análise de variância sobre a regressão linear e a análise de correlação entre os valores de área foliar e estimada foram significativas (p < 0,01). A área foliar de P. stratiotes pode ser estimada pela equação: AF = 0,79499 (CL).

Avaliação da sensibilidade de diversas espécies de plantas daninhas aquáticas ao carfentrazone-ethyl, em ambiente controlado

Plantas aquáticas, especialmente macrófitas, tornam-se sério problema em hidrelétricas, afetando a múltipla utilização dos corpos d'água, incluindo produção de peixes e atividades de pesca, perdas d'água por evapotranspiração, esportes aquáticos, canoagem, irrigação e produção de energia nas usinas hidrelétricas. Com o objetivo de analisar o potencial de uso do carfentrazone-ethyl no controle das principais plantas daninhas aquáticas no Brasil, foi instalado um experimento em vasos com água. Utilizaram-se os seguintes tratamentos herbicidas (g i.a. ha-1): carfentrazone-ethyl a 15, 30 e 60; glyphosate a 4.536; 2,4-D a 4.690; imazapyr a 1.250; e uma testemunha sem herbicida. Esses tratamentos foram testados nas seguintes espécies: Eichhornia crassipes, Salvinia auriculata, Pistia stratiotes, Myriophyllum aquaticum, Brachiaria arrecta, Hydrocotyle umbellata, Typha sp. e Echinochloa polystachya. As avaliações foram efetuadas aos 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias após os tratamentos. Os resultados mostraram que o carfentrazone-ethyl foi eficiente no controle de E. crassipes (maior dose) e P. stratiotes (duas maiores doses), com efeito supressivo sobre S. auriculata. Foi observado que nas outras plantas daninhas estudadas não houve eficiência de controle.

Desenvolvimento, pobreza e meio ambiente no seridó potiguar: um estudo centrado nas micro-regiões do seridó oriental e ocidental

This research work intends to carry out a study focused on the dynamic between development, poverty reduction and conservation of natural resources. To consider this relationship to the region chosen was the micro-region of Eastern and Western Seridó in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. In recent years, several studies (Araújo, 2011; BASTOS, 2009) have pointed out that after a period of economic crisis in its tripodproductive, formed by the activities of farming, cotton farming, mining and faced in the eighties, this region of the State of Rio Grande do Norte, has not only shown signs of economic recovery but also improve their social indicators. On the other hand, studies of desertification as the view of the state of RN (produced in cooperation between the Government of RN and research institutions) and the Sustainable Development Plan of Seridó (ADES, 2000), indicate that there is an ongoing French process of degradation of natural resources that is capable of compromising the ability of sustaining such a system. To verify this reality and likely finding this relationship, this work is adopted for this study, the analysis of evolution of secondary data from official bodies such as the IBGE on HDI, per capita income and other social indicators between 2000 and 2009. Here is another time of the survey analysis of qualitative data collected from interviews with institutions of academic intervention in nature, researchers at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) State agencies that address the issue of the Middle Environment in Seridó: Institute for Sustainable Development of the NB (IDEMA) and the Brazilian Institute of Environment and the Amazon (IBAMA) and institutions of direct intervention in the region, as the Agency's Sustainable Development Seridó (adhesive) and the Joint Semi-Arid (ASA). After crossing data from quantitative and qualitative, it was found that the dynamics of the region's economic Seridó Potiguar partially answers the improvement of social indicators of poverty. Contribution by the State in this shared stock transfer income. Regarding the influence of productive restructuring in the region on issues of environment, it is noted that the ceramic tile industry, responsible for the absorption percentage of the population with limited ingress into the urban economy, given the low education, accounts for the increase of susceptibility to the ongoing process of desertification in North Seridó Rio Grande. We conclude finally that the guarantee of increased income, freedom and conservation of natural resources ensures primarily by changing the beliefs and values, especially on the part of the business sector, which use natural resources so predatory, aimed at maintaining their rates of return on investment. And concomitantly, the synchronization between technological change, through the use of new energy sources, and institutional change.

Ambiente pesqueiro e saúde: representações sociais sobre saúde e doença de pescadores e marisqueiras nos distritos de Diogo Lopes, Barreiras e Sertãozinho Macau RN

According to Brazil s Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture, artisanal fishermen are responsible for a significant fish production at national level, highlighting the importance of this activity. In Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil, fishing has become an important part of economic and social processes. In this context, there are many inland fishing communities such as Barreiras, Diogo Lopes and Sertãozinho, which are part of Ponta do Tubarão State Reserve of Sustainable Development (RDSEPT), located in Macau and Guamaré, Rio Grande do Norte coastline cities. Fishermen and women, the last ones known as marisqueiras who work alongside the menfolk at sea, especially in the shellfish harvest, have been developing narrow relationships with nature, mainly with the sea, from where they extract their families subsistence. However, those communities have been facing several issues related to living conditions, health and diseases. Social representations have been analyzed in the speeches of fishermen/women who were registered active members in a fishermen association named Associação Colônia de Pescadores Z-41, regarding the period from 2008 to 2011. The analysis involved socio-economic profiles verification, identification and analysis of the group s main representative diseases and representations related to health and illness. This study searched for elements in order to provide the comprehension of the relationships among people s social representations and the fishing environment in which they live.. This qualiquantitative study was performed using recordings and transcriptions of structured and open-question interviews. The Collective Subject Speech tecnique proposed by Lefevre & Lefevre (2002) was applied to perform the interviews analysis using QualiQuantiSoft® software. The results showed that health and illness phenomena as well as social representations related to them in the fishing environment are not only abstract states but also physical ones, which interfere in all life extensions, establishing a set of relevant information that indicates that those people realize their own socio-cultural, economic, environmental and political context

Efeitos da restrição alimentar protéica ou energética sobre o crescimento de frangos de corte criados em diferentes temperaturas ambiente

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Ambiente criativo: estudo de caso na cidade de Natal/RN

The creative city can be identified by their cultural quarters, the existence of creative territories or the dynamics of a creative class. Whether we classify a city as creative, we can conceive that as creative environment charge of development of creativity in organizational settings, but also in urban dynamics and public participation itself. The creativity social phenomenon is an important and essential element but it is not the only contributor to the development of the creative environment. From the city of Natal, state of Rio Grande do Norte, we tried to identify and characterize statistically the main creative sectors. Thus, we set off for the application of semi-structured interviews in the three key creative sectors: Research, Architecture and Advertising. Besides, the proposal of a summary table of the analysis of the creative industries in the city of Natal, the research allowed to propose an analysis model of urban environment of a city whose main dimensions are population, cultural resources, networks and public policy

Produtividade, adaptabilidade e estabilidade fenotípica de cultivares de tomateiro sob diferentes condições de ambiente

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o desempenho produtivo, adaptabilidade e estabilidade fenotípica de seis genótipos de tomateiro na região de Marília, SP. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em nove ambientes (seis sob condições de cultivo protegido e três sob condições de céu aberto), com seis genótipos (Carmen, Diva, Donador, Graziela, Vita e HE-295), em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Ocorreram diferenças significativas entre ambientes, e a média geral dos cultivos protegidos superou a dos cultivos a céu aberto quanto à produtividade, apesar de a média geral dos cultivos a céu aberto ser superior quanto ao peso médio de frutos. As cultivares, à exceção de HE-295, demonstraram alta estabilidade, merecendo destaque as cultivares Carmen, Donador e Vita, que tiveram rendimento médio superior ao da média geral, adaptabilidade geral e comportamento previsível em todos os ambientes estudados. Quanto ao peso médio dos frutos, as cultivares Diva e Vita foram as únicas que mostraram ampla adaptabilidade a todos os ambientes, comportamento previsível, além de apresentarem peso médio do fruto superior ao da média geral.

Ambiente institucional no crédito rural :avanços e retrocessos

This work aims to study the institucional environment for the implementation of financing policies directed to familiar agriculture. The central hypothesis is that, although all changes occured in the credit norms, in order to reduce the existing obstacles for the access of outsiders, the same institucional arrangement remains which gave support to the modernization - crystallizer of strengthening structures of this exclusion. The most relevant pressuposition is that the poor agriculturists are the most displayed to the institucional limitations. The concepts of institucional arrangements and environments used in this work had been constructed with support of the institucional school, contemplating itself the economic dimension, the organizational sociology and political science. In the relation of the institucional changes with the state performance, the theorist reading was important that reflect on the relative autonomy of the State and studious of the Brazilian State. The empirical part consisted of a research which had been applied questionnaires with benefited and non-benefited agriculturists with PRONAF B, in thirteen cities of Rio Grande do Norte. In each city, interviews with four of its main mediators had been carried out. The research results had ratified the hypothesis of the work of that the conception of the public policies does not take in account the institution role in the behavior and the choices of the individual and collective agents, inferring itself that this policy, as others, lacks of mediation that exceed the rationality of legal landmarks

Licenciamento ambiental em postos de revenda de combustíveis à luz dos princípios constitucionais de defesas do meio ambiente: o caso do município de Natal/RN

This study approaches the question of the administrative procedure of the environmental licensing of ranks of fuel resale, taking as basis a study case of the reality of the City of Natal/RN (Brazil). For in such a way, it was done a retrospect on the evolution of the system of road transport in Brazil, having started to briefly analyze the urbanization process that if after accented in the capitals of the Brazilian States the decade of 1950, relating these subjects with the growth of the sector of fuel resale. After that, it was transferred boarding of the defense of the national environment to the light of ambient principles constitutional. In the sequence, a boarding on the ambient guardianship in the Federal Constitution of 1988 was made, treating basically specifies and on the national urban politics and the national politics of the environment, with its instruments. In the sequence, it was transferred the analysis of the abilities and attributions of the National Advice of the Environment (CONAMA) and its Resolutions, for then only enter in the most important part of this work: an analysis of the environmental licensing of ranks of fuel resale, in the reality of the City of Natal/RN. Before this specific boarding, it was proceeded specifically a survey and communication from the applicable norms to such establishments (Resolutions of the CONAMA and norms of the ABNT), for after that carrying through an geo-ambient characterization of the City of Natal/RN. Finally, a reflection was made on the possibility of magnifying of the state activity, in terms of guarantees for the responsible members for the environmental policy and of administrative efficiency, through the idea of the ambient regulation. For the accomplishment of this study, it was proceeded research in diverse sources such as books, magazines, sites of the Internet, periodicals, thesis and dissertations, among others material, beyond visits the agencies that direct or indirectly act with the ambient defense and as fuel resale, such as Secretariat of Environment and Urbanism of the City of Natal (SEMURB), Institute of Economic Development and Environment of RN (IDEMA), Brazilian Institute of the Environment and the Natural resources You renewed, Executive Management of RN (IBAMA/RN), Public prosecutor's office of the Environment of Natal (Public prosecution service of the RN), National Agency of Oil (ANP) and Union of the Retailing of Derivatives of Oil of the RN, among others. To the end, satiated regulation is observed that although on the substance of the ambient licensing in ranks of fuel resale, also with federal, state and municipal norms, the municipal Public Power is very far from the fulfilment of its institutional functions, in the question environmental policy of these establishments, a time that few are the permitted ranks of resale in the city of Natal/RN

Responsabilidade civil como função social na distribuição e revenda de combustível face ao direito do consumidor e ao meio ambiente

The civil liability of the distribution and retail fuel stems from the fact business activity developed to be high risk and can be said as risk inherent or latent danger that has predictability and normality characterized by placing the consumer in a position of vulnerability, such as the environment, both public policies defined and constitutional protection. Consumer protection as a fundamental right and the environment as the primacy of social order aims the welfare and social justice, as inserted right to the third dimension, are guarded by the State when it creates operational standards through public policies and indirectly intervenes in the economic order. This intervention is due to consumer protection and the environment are economic order principles, founded on free initiative and free competition, ensuring everyone a dignified existence which underlies the irradiation of fundamental rights in private initiative, before the commercial evaluation, mass consumption, the emergence of new technologies that link consumers to the environment before the protection of life, health and safety and ensuring a better quality of life for present and future generations. To repair this damage and the right to information are provided as fundamental rights that put the person at the epicenter of the relations and collective interest stands out against individual interests that to be done need public-private partnership. In such a way that the used methodology was an analysis of documents correlating them with bibliographic sources whose goals are to recognize the civil responsibility as limit to subjective right, having to develop a social function where guilt and risk grow distant and the damage is configured as a consequence of inherent risk, requiring the State interventional postures in fulfilling its public policy; prevailing in these risky activities the solidarity of those involved in the chain of production and socialization of damage forward those are provided directly of products of hazardous nature that put in a position of vulnerability the environment and the consumer