Dancing Diseases : an applied theatre response to the challenge of conveying emotionally contradictory messages in HIV education

Health educators face an unusual challenge in relation to HIV: the need to convey two emotionally contradictory messages. On the one hand, there is currently no cure for HIV, which eventually leads to death (emotionally negative message). On the other hand, people with HIV can live long, healthy and productive lives (emotionally positive message). In developing countries where HIV prevalence is high, it is imperative that both messages are conveyed effectively. This article reports on a specific form, Dancing Diseases, implemented as one component of the Life Drama pilot study on Karkar Island, Papua New Guinea. Life Drama is an applied theatre and performance approach to HIV education. The article discusses Dancing Diseases as an example of applied theatre and performance practice, reflects on the participant group’s engagement with the form, and offers some ways in which the form could be refined and used in other health education contexts.

Diversifying Information Literacy Research : An Informed Learning Perspective

This article uses the idea of informed learning, an interpretation of information literacy that focuses on people’s information experiences rather than their skills or attributes, to analyse the character of using information to learn in diverse communities and settings, including digital, faith, indigenous and ethnic communities. While researchers of information behaviour or information seeking and use have investigated people’s information worlds in diverse contexts, this work is still at its earliest stages in the information literacy domain. To date, information literacy research has largely occurred in what might be considered mainstream educational and workplace contexts, with some emerging work in community settings. These have been mostly in academic libraries, schools and government workplaces. What does information literacy look like beyond these environments? How might we understand the experience of effective information use in a range of community settings, from the perspective of empirical research and other sources? The article concludes by commenting on the significance of diversifying the range of information experience contexts, for information literacy research and professional practice.

Socially inclusive learning in a community setting

People with mental health problems, learning difficulties and poor literacy and numeracy are at risk of social exclusion including homelessness. They are often disconnected from the Vocational Education and Training (VET) system, with few opportunities for education and employment. Academic research has demonstrated a link between literacy and numeracy and social inclusion, however, the pathways to enact this are not well understood. This report presents insights into how a community based adult literacy program in West End, Brisbane, was first established and has since evolved into a successful model of what we are calling ‘socially inclusive learning’. The research informing the report was conducted as a twelve-month study from April 2013 to April 2014 funded through a partnership involving Anglicare Southern Queensland, A Place to Belong and the School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology. The research was conducted by Greg Marston and Jeffrey Johnson- Abdelmalik. The aim of the study was to clarify the principles, practice and methodology of the Reading and Writing group (hereafter RAW) and identify the characteristics of RAW that support the social inclusion of the individual being provided literacy learning. The questions guiding the research included: • What are the key principles and practices of the RAW model? • How does the acquisition of literacy and numeracy skills contribute to the recovery of people with mental health and other issues? • How can the acquisition of literacy and numeracy skills support people’s social inclusion, including achieving employment and further education outcomes? A related aim of the project was to document how this community based literacy and numeracy program operates so that other organisations with an interest in addressing similar needs can learn from the model, particularly organisations that co-locate support and education and organisations that adopt a recovery approach when working with people with mental health challenges and intellectual and psychiatric disabilities. The report highlights the background to RAW, the learning philosophy of RAW, the profile of the participants in the program and the various roles and responsibilities and structure that supports the work of RAW. The report presents perspectives from the teachers, student participants and tutors on how the group is designed and the principles implemented.

Travelling bones: The repatriation of Indigenous ancestral remains

In the album Journey, Archie Roach -- the Australian Indigenous singer-songwriter hailing from Mooroopna in Victoria - has a melancholy song called ‘Travell’n Bones.' It is about the repatriation of Indigenous ancestral remains to their rightful home. This Chapter considers the legal, ethical, and cultural conflicts over Australian indigenous remains being held in museums, in Australia, the United Kingdom, the European Union, and the United States. James Nason comments: ‘The explosion of legal and extra legal attention on issues of cultural property and heritage was born of the frustration and anger of indigenous peoples whose rights and perspectives about cultural property and heritage issues had been largely absent and essentially unwanted by the museum of community.' Part I focuses upon disputes in Australia involving the repatriation of Indigenous Australian remains. In Bropho v HREOC, there was controversy over a cartoon, mocking the repatriation of the remains of Yagan, an Indigenous warrior, to Western Australia. There was a discussion about the operation of the Racial Discrimination Act 1975 (Cth), and the exemptions available from the operation of the regime. Part II considers the efforts by The Te Papa Tongarewa - the Museum of New Zealand - to repatriate Maori and Moriori ancestral remains to New Zealand, and to iwi communities of origin. The conclusion considers the relevance of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Persons 2007, and issues raised by ventures such as the Genographic Project.

Improved assessment of aerosol absorption using OMI-MODIS joint retrieval

The Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) aboard EOS-Aura and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard EOS-Aqua fly in formation as part of the A-train. Though OMI retrieves aerosol optical depth (AOD) and aerosol absorption, it must assume aerosol layer height. The MODIS cannot retrieve aerosol absorption, but MODIS aerosol retrieval is not sensitive to aerosol layer height and with its smaller pixel size is less affected by subpixel clouds. Here we demonstrate an approach that uses MODIS-retrieved AOD to constrain the OMI retrieval, freeing OMI from making an a priori estimate of aerosol height and allowing a more direct retrieval of aerosol absorption. To predict near-UV optical depths using MODIS data we rely on the spectral curvature of the MODIS-retrieved visible and near-IR spectral AODs. Application of an OMI-MODIS joint retrieval over the north tropical Atlantic shows good agreement between OMI and MODIS-predicted AODs in the UV, which implies that the aerosol height assumed in the OMI-standard algorithm is probably correct. In contrast, over the Arabian Sea, MODIS-predicted AOD deviated from the OMI-standard retrieval, but combined OMI-MODIS retrievals substantially improved information on aerosol layer height (on the basis of validation against airborne lidar measurements). This implies an improvement in the aerosol absorption retrieval, but lack of UV absorption measurements prevents a true validation. Our study demonstrates the potential of multisatellite analysis of A-train data to improve the accuracy of retrieved aerosol products and suggests that a combined OMI-MODIS-CALIPSO retrieval has large potential to further improve assessments of aerosol absorption.

The North in the Old English Orosius : A Geographical Narrative in Context

This doctoral dissertation examines the description of the North as it appears in the Old English Orosius (OE Or.) in the form of the travel accounts by Ohthere and Wulfstan and a catalogue of peoples of Germania. The description is discussed in the context of ancient and early medieval textual and cartographic descriptions of the North, with a special emphasis on Anglo-Saxon sources and the intellectual context of the reign of King Alfred (871-899). This is the first time that these sources, a multidisciplinary approach and secondary literature, also from Scandinavia and Finland, have been brought together. The discussion is source-based, and archaeological theories and geographical ideas are used to support the primary evidence. This study belongs to the disciplines of early medieval literature and (cultural) history, Anglo-Saxon studies, English philology, and historical geography. The OE Or. was probably part of Alfred s educational campaign, which conveyed royal ideology to the contemporary elite. The accounts and catalogue are original interpolations which represent a unique historical source for the Viking Age. They contain unparalleled information about peoples and places in Fennoscandia and the southern Baltic and sailing voyages to the White Sea, the Danish lands, and the Lower Vistula. The historical-philological analysis reveals an emphasis on wealth and property, rank, luxury goods, settlement patterns, and territorial divisions. Trade is strongly implied by the mentions of central places and northern products, such as walrus ivory. The references to such peoples as the Finnas, the Cwenas, and the Beormas appear in connection with information about geography and subsistence in the far North. Many of the topics in the accounts relate to Anglo-Saxon aristocratic culture and interests. The accounts focus on the areas associated with the Northmen, the Danes and the Este. These areas resonated in the Anglo-Saxon geographical imagination: they were curious about the northern margin of the world, their own continental ancestry and the geography of their homeland of Angeln, and they had an interest in the Goths and their connection with the southern Baltic in mythogeography. The non-judgemental representation of the North as generally peaceful and relatively normal place is related to Alfredian and Orosian ideas about the unity and spreading of Christendom, and to desires for unity among the Germani and for peace with the Vikings, who were settling in England. These intellectual contexts reflect the innovative and organizational forces of Alfred s reign. The description of the North in the OE Or. can be located in the context of the Anglo-Saxon worldview and geographical mindset. It mirrors the geographical curiosity expressed in other Anglo-Saxon sources, such as the poem Widsith and the Anglo-Saxon mappa mundi. The northern section of this early eleventh-century world map is analyzed in detail here for the first time. It is suggested that the section depicts the North Atlantic and the Scandinavian Peninsula. The survey of ancient and early medieval sources provides a comparative context for the OE Or. In this material, produced by such authors as Strabo, Pliny, Tacitus, Jordanes, and Rimbert, the significance of the North was related to the search for and definition of the northern edge of the world, universal accounts of the world, the northern homeland in the origin stories of the gentes, and Carolingian expansion and missionary activity. These frameworks were transmitted to Anglo-Saxon literary culture, where the North occurs in the context of the definition of Britain s place in the world.

Prothoracic Gland Semiochemicals of Green Lacewings.

Adult chrysopids have paired prothoracic glands (PG) that are thought to produce defensive secretions (allomones). We analyzed PG extracts of the following green lacewings from North and South America, Australia, and China: Ceraeochrysa cubana (Brazil); Chrysopa (= Co.) oculata, Co. nigricornis, Co. incompleta, Co. quadripunctata (USA), and Co. septempunctata (China); Chrysoperla (= Cl.) rufilabris (USA) and Cl. sp. (Brazil); Plesiochrysa ramburi and Mallada spp. (Australia). PG secretions are characteristic for species within a genus, except for Chrysopa spp. (Z)-4-Tridecene is ubiquitous, but (Z,Z)-4,7-tridecadiene is a major PG constituent in some Chrysopa spp. and in P. ramburi. Earlier reports that Co. oculata and Co. nigricornis produce 1-tridecene were shown to be in error. Chrysopa PG secretions are distinguished by the presence or absence of N-3-methylbutylacetamide, plus skatole (3-methylindole). Skatole is also identified for the first time from the Plesiochrysa and Ceraeochrysa. The PG secretion in Plesiochrysa ramburi is characterized by the presence of (Z)-4-undecene instead of (Z)-4-tridecene, and N-3-methylbutylpropanamide instead of the acetamide, resembling the PG secretions of Chrysopa nigricornis, Co. septempunctata and Co. incompleta. The chemotaxonomic value of PG semiochemicals is discussed, including evidence for subgroups within the genus Chrysopa as it now stands.

Vapaaehtoiset vuodeosastolla : Etnografinen tutkimus vanhusten ja vapaaehtoisten kohtaamisesta

This ethnographic study investigates encounters between volunteers and older people at the Kerava Municipal Health Centre inpatient ward for chronic care. Volunteer activities have been under development, in cooperation with the Voluntary Work Center (Talkoorengas), since the start of the 1990s. When my research began in 2003, nine of the volunteers came to the ward on set days per week or visited the ward according to their own timetables. The volunteers ranged in age from 54 to 78 years. With one exception, all of them were on pension. Nearly all of them had been volunteers for more than ten years. My study is research on ageing, the focal point being older people, whether volunteers or those receiving assistance. The research questions are: How is volunteer work implemented in daily routines at the ward? How is interaction created in encounters between the older people and the volunteers? What meanings does volunteer work create for the older people and the volunteers? The core material of my research is observation material, which is supplemented by interviews, documentation and photographs. The materials have been analysed by using theme analysis and ethnomethodological discussion analysis. In the presentation of the research findings, I have structured the materials into three main chapters: space and time; hands and touch; and words and tones. The chapter on space and time examines time and space paths, privacy and publicness, and celebrations as part of daily life. The volunteers open and create social arenas for the older people through chatting and singing together, celebrations in the dayroom or poetry readings at the bedside. The supporting theme of the chapter on hands and touch is bodily closeness in care and the associated concrete physical presence. The chapter highlights the importance of everyday routines, such as meals and rituals, as elements that bring security. Stimuli in daily life, such as handicrafts in groups, pass time but also give older people the experience of meaningful activity and bring back positive memories of their own life. The chapter on words and tones focuses on the social interaction and identity. The volunteers’ identity is built up into the identity of a helper and caregiver. The older people’s identity is built up into a care recipient’s identity, which in different situations is shaped into, among others, the identity of one who listens, remembers, does not remember, defends, composes poetry or is dying. The cornerstones of voluntary social care are participation, activity, trust and presence. Successful volunteer work calls for mutual trust between the older people, volunteers and the health care personnel, and for clear agreements on questions of responsibility, the status of volunteers and their role alongside professional personnel. This study indicates that volunteer work is a meaningful resource in work with older people.

Estudio del crecimiento del camarón de agua dulce (M rosenbergu), en condiciones semi-intensivas en la comunidad de Alos Encuentros, Municipio de Limay, Esteli

Con el propósito de determinar el comportamiento de rasgos de crecimiento del camarón de agua dulce M. rosenbergii. Se montó un ensayo en la comunidad de los Encuentros, municipio de Limay, Estelí. Para tal efecto se utilizaron tres estanques de tierra de 200m 3 c/u en los que se sembraron 5 post larvas/m2. La alimentación fue a base de concentrado con 35%, 25%, 20% de proteína respectivamente de manera igual para los tres estanques. Se efectuaron muestreos, de talla, peso con respecto a la edad siendo estos el primer muestreo al momento de la siembra el segundo a los 30 días y los restantes cada 20 días, hasta los 190 días que culminó el ensayo, para determinar el crecimiento de los camarones de agua dulce M. rosenhergií mediante análisis estadísticos se empleó el modelo no lineal sugerido por Pearl-read (1923) y = k/1+bea:. Para realizar un menor ajuste de los datos se procedió a linealizarlos por medio de una regresión con la ecuación: Ln (k/y)-1 = Lnb±ax. Para el primer estanque se construyó el modelo Ln(k/y)-1 = 6.69459 = 0.97948 (cm), el error estándar para Lnb y a son de 0.338010.57300 respectivamente, laPr> ltl iguala 1.0001con r2 = 0.976605 y C.V= 29.66412. En el segundo estanque se obtuvo Ln(kly)-1 = 6.53469- 0.89897 (cm) el error standard para Lnb y a son de 0.4235;0.6858. La Pr > ltl para ambos son de 0.0001 con r1 = 0.96084 y C.V= 36.20477, para el tercer estanque se tiene valores de Ln (k/y)-1 = 6.93459- 1.116595 (cm) con error standard de Lnb y a = 1.04923; 0.180752 y para Pr > ltl fue de 0.0003;0.0005 con un r2= 0.8450 y C.V = 126.7102, al hacer un análisis de regresión combinando los tres estanques se obtuvo valores deLn(k/y)-1 = 5.5224-0.8068 (cm) con errores standard de Lnb y a= O.2878; 0.480 y para Pr > ltl fue de 0.0001 con un r2=; 0.9700 y C.V = 31.489, el comportamiento de crecimiento de los camarones de agua dulce M. rosenbergii sometidos a estudio bajo las mismas condiciones de cultivo tuvieron diferencias de talla y peso siendo éstas de 0.331 cm; 2.S02 g. del estanque 2 vs estanque 1; 1.093 cm, 4.3500 g del estanque 2 vs estanque 3 y 0.762 cm; 1.848 g para el estanque 1 vs estanque 3, sin embargo para los estanques en estudio se observó un aumento de talla y peso entre los 110-130 días de edad.

Evaluación del marango (Moringa oleifera lam) como una alternativa en la alimentación de cerdos de engorde

El presente trabajo se realizó en la Finca "Santa Rosa" propiedad de las UNA, ubicada en Sabana Grande, Managua. El objetivo general del estudio fue: Evaluar el uso del Marango ando la metodología de presupuestos parciales. El experimento tuvo una duración de 137 días. Se evaluaron tres Tratamientos, (TI) Concentrado comercial, (TII) Marango 30%+ Fórmula 1 70%, (TIII) Marango 48% + Fórmula 2 52%. Se utilizaron 36 cerdos divididos en tres grupos de 12 animales cada uno con un peso inicial promedio de 12 kg. Los animales se pesaron cada 14 días. Las variables evaluadas fueron: Ganancia Media Diaria (GMD), conversión alimenticia (Conv) y Peso vivo final promedio (PVFP). El modelo estadístico utilizado fue un DCA. Se realizó el ANDEVA y pruebas de separación de medias para las variables significativamente diferentes. Se realizó un análisis financiero por Presupuestos Parciales. La variable GMD presentó los mejores resultados en el Tratamiento I con 0.603 kg, seguida por el Tratamiento ll con 0.376 kg y el Tratamiento 111 con 0.272 kg. La Conversión alimenticia fue de 3.71, 8.97, 12.04 para los Tratamientos 1, III y III respectivamente. El Peso vivo final obtenido por Tratamiento fue de 94.92 kg para TI, de 63.42 kg. para T III y 49.09 kg. para T III. Se concluye que el marango puede ser utilizado como una alternativa de alimentación para cerdos de engorde con niveles de inclusión de hasta 30% de materia seca. Debido a que a este porcentaje se obtuvieron buenos resultados al ofrecer el marango fresco y picado, mezclado con la fórmula 1. El Tratamiento II obtuvo mayores beneficios económicos que los otros Tratamientos. Utilizar marango para alimentar cerdos de engorde constituye una alternativa para pequeños y medianos productores.

Periodos criticos de competencia de malezas en algodon (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Este estudio fue realizado en el Centro experimental de Algodón (C.E.A), Nicaragua; con el propósito de determinar el periodo crítico de competencia en algodón (Gossypium hirsutum L.) y las malezas. Dos experimentos fueron sembrados en agosto de 1991. En el experimento 1 (períodos libres de malezas) los tratamientos, 7 en total, consistieron en mantener parcelas libres de malezas desde la siembra hasta 14, 28, 42, 56, 70 días después de la siembra. Un tratamiento fue dejado enmalezado durante todo el ciclo y otro fue dejado libre de maleza. En el experimento 2 (períodos con competencia) a las malezas les fue permitido competir por diferentes períodos comenzando los controles a los 14, 28, 42, 56 y 70 días después de la siembra. un tratamiento fue dejado enmalezado durante todo el ciclo y otro fue dejado libre de maleza. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que bajo las condiciones experimentales, el algodón necesita 70 días libres de malezas para obtener buenos rendimientos y es capaz de soportar 42 días de competencia sin ver mermado sus rendimientos de manera significativa. El período crítico de competencia encuentra entre 42 y 70 días después de la siembra. El mejor resultado fue obtenido cuando las malezas fueron controladas en dos ocasiones, la primera 42 días después de la siembra y la segunda 70 días después de la siembra.

Efecto de tres abonos organicos sobre el crecimiento y rendimiento en Yuca (Manihot esculenta Crantz) El Plantel, Masaya, 2007

Con el propósito de generar información científica referente al uso de abonos orgánicos y determinar su efecto sobre el crecimiento y rendimiento en la yuca ( Manihot esculenta Crantz), se llevó a cabo un experimento entre mayo de 2007 y febrero de 2008 utilizando un diseño unifactorial en Bloques Completos al Azar con cuatro tratamientos (compost – 4.7t ha¹, biofertlizante – 9.7 t ha¹, Humus de lombriz – 2.37 t ha¹, testigo – sin aplicación) y cuatro repeticiones. El ensayo se estableció en la Finca El Plantel, Masaya, propiedad de la Universidad Nacional Agraria. La zona se caracteriza por poseer suelos franco arcillosos ligeramente ácidos, con altitud de 98 a 110 m.s.n.m y precipitación de 800 a 1 000 mm anuales. Durante la etapa de crecimiento se midieron las variables: altura de planta y diámetro del tallo, y durante la etapa de rendimiento: raíces/planta, diámetro, longitud y peso de raíces, las cuales fueron sometidas a un análisis de varianza. Los diferentes tratamientos no mostraron diferencias significativas en las variables de crecimiento evaluadas. Respecto al rendimiento y sus componentes, sí hubo diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos para la variable diámetro de raíz, ejerciendo el humus de lombriz el mayor efecto sobre esta variable (44 mm). Los valores más altos obtenidos en las variables raíces⁄planta (6.9 unidades), peso de raíz (3.2 kg/planta) y rendimiento (40 t/ha) corresponden también al humus de lombriz, no así para la longitud de raíz (27.5 cm) que corresponde al compost; para estas últimas variables sólo hubo diferencia estadística entre cualquiera de los tratamientos y el testigo. El resultado se atribuye principalmente al porcentaje de nutrientes y al nivel de disponibilidad de éstos en cada abono orgánico, limitado por las características propias del residuo o abono y el equilibrio entre los procesos de inmovilización y mineralización realizados por la biomasa microbiana en el suelo.

Comportamiento agronómico de diez líneas precoces de sorgo (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), Centro Experimental del Valle de Sebaco (CEVAS-INTA), primera 2010

Este trabajo se estableció en la época de primera del 2010, en el Centro Experimental del Valle de Sébaco del Instituto Nicaragüense de Tecnología Agropecuaria, en el municipio de San Isidro, departamento de Matagalpa, con el objetivo de evaluar 10 líneas precoces de sorgo con buen comportamiento agronómico y productivo que se adapten a las condiciones ambientales de la zona. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques completos al azar (BCA) con 12 tratamientos y 4 repeticiones, evaluando variables de crecimiento, desarrollo y produccion, los datos obtenidos se sometieron al análisis de varianza (ANDEVA) y al análisis de agrupamiento a través de Tuckey (∞=0.05). Además se evaluaron variables cualitativas. El análisis de varianza no muestra diferencias estadísticas entre líneas para las variables peso de panoja, peso de mil granos y rendimiento de grano, sin embargo las demás variables de producción, crecimiento y desarrollo si presentaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas.