复合垂直流人工湿地在奥林匹克森林公园龙型水系的应用

介绍了北京奥林匹克森林公园人工湿地系统的设计,跟踪调查了复合垂直流人工湿地在龙型水系水质改善中的功能和效果。复合垂直流人工湿地系统占地面积为41 500 m2,处理水量为2 600 m3/d的污水处理厂尾水(再生水)和20 000 m3/d的主湖循环水。一年多的运行表明,该系统与其他生态工程的协同作用有效地改善了公园内的龙型水系水质,特别是在奥运期间,在保证了奥运主湖水质良好的同时,为运动员和观众提供了优美的休息环境,取得了良好的生态、环境、经济和文化等综合效益。

鲫鱼肝脏AChE的提取及有机磷农药对AChE的抑制效应研究

本研究利用淡水鲫鱼肝脏为主要原材料提取乙酰胆碱酯酶(acetylcholinesterase,AChE),并设计正交试验确定了鲫鱼肝脏中乙酰胆碱酯酶的最佳提取条件:通过酶抑制法衡量敌敌畏、辛硫磷、三唑磷、乐果等四种不同种类有机磷农药对粗酶液的抑制作用;将鱼肝和鱼脑中乙酰胆碱酯酶活性及蛋白含量的进行对比研究。研究结果表明:提取液pH值、提取液种类以及原料与提取液的质量体积比对酶液的活性影响显著;被测四种有机磷农药中,敌敌畏对AChE活性抑制作用最强。鱼脑的AChE比酶活是肝脏的AChE比酶活的3～7倍。

高原鳅属Triplophysa鱼类的分子系统发育和生物地理学研究

高原鳅属Triplophysa鱼类广泛分布于亚洲中部的高原地区,是青藏高原鱼类区系重要的组成部分．它们对高原环境表现出极强的适应性,是已知世界上分布海拔最高的鱼类,采用线粒体DNA细胞色素凸基因序列分析了青藏高原及其邻近地区13个水系30个地点22种高原鳅属鱼类的分子系统发育关系．结果表明高原鳅属鱼类不是一个单系群,赫氏鳅亚属Hedinich- thys的种类嵌入到其他条鳅亚科鱼类分支中,而依据第二性征划分的高原鳅亚属Triplophysa是一个单系群．在高原鳅亚属中,最先发生分歧的是分布于黄河上游的似鲶

淡水水体麻痹性贝毒污染的现状

麻痹性贝毒是一类水溶性的神经毒素,造成神经细胞电压敏感性钠离子通道(VSSC)高亲和力障碍,与细胞膜离子结合后引起细胞膜内外正常离子的流动失衡,造成膜电位反常,使人瘫痪。麻痹性贝毒的污染及其产毒藻已成为一个受人关注的公共健康问题。综述麻痹性贝毒的理化性质和毒性特点、淡水水体麻痹性贝毒污染及其5种淡水产毒蓝藻,并对淡水中PSP防治工作提出建议。

中国淡水甲藻两个新记录属

我国此前关于光薄甲藻GlenodiniumgymnodiniumPenard在西藏那错湖的记录是基于错误的鉴定,作者在相差显微镜下对标本进行了重新检查,发现此甲藻的细胞壁由多数甲片构成,甲片大小相似,多为六角形,应属于网甲藻属WoloszynskiaThompson的微小网甲藻W.tenuissima(Lauterborn)Thompson。中型四角甲藻TetradiniumintermediumGeitler采于武汉的一小池塘,附着于一鞘藻属Oedogonium植物的丝状体上,属于甲藻门中的不运动种类,

Composite electrospun gelatin fiber-alginate gel scaffolds for mechanically robust tissue engineered cornea.

A severe shortage of good quality donor cornea is now an international crisis in public health. Alternatives for donor tissue need to be urgently developed to meet the increasing demand for corneal transplantation. Hydrogels have been widely used as scaffolds for corneal tissue regeneration due to their large water content, similar to that of native tissue. However, these hydrogel scaffolds lack the fibrous structure that functions as a load-bearing component in the native tissue, resulting in poor mechanical performance. This work shows that mechanical properties of compliant hydrogels can be substantially enhanced with electrospun nanofiber reinforcement. Electrospun gelatin nanofibers were infiltrated with alginate hydrogels, yielding transparent fiber-reinforced hydrogels. Without prior crosslinking, electrospun gelatin nanofibers improved the tensile elastic modulus of the hydrogels from 78±19 kPa to 450±100 kPa. Stiffer hydrogels, with elastic modulus of 820±210 kPa, were obtained by crosslinking the gelatin fibers with carbodiimide hydrochloride in ethanol before the infiltration process, but at the expense of transparency. The developed fiber-reinforced hydrogels show great promise as mechanically robust scaffolds for corneal tissue engineering applications.

Composite electrospun gelatin fiber-alginate gel scaffolds for mechanically robust tissue engineered cornea

A severe shortage of good quality donor cornea is now an international crisis in public health. Alternatives for donor tissue need to be urgently developed to meet the increasing demand for corneal transplantation. Hydrogels have been widely used as scaffolds for corneal tissue regeneration due to their large water content, similar to that of native tissue. However, these hydrogel scaffolds lack the fibrous structure that functions as a load-bearing component in the native tissue, resulting in poor mechanical performance. This work shows that mechanical properties of compliant hydrogels can be substantially enhanced with electrospun nanofiber reinforcement. Electrospun gelatin nanofibers were infiltrated with alginate hydrogels, yielding transparent fiber-reinforced hydrogels. Without prior crosslinking, electrospun gelatin nanofibers improved the tensile elastic modulus of the hydrogels from 78±19. kPa to 450±100. kPa. Stiffer hydrogels, with elastic modulus of 820±210. kPa, were obtained by crosslinking the gelatin fibers with carbodiimide hydrochloride in ethanol before the infiltration process, but at the expense of transparency. The developed fiber-reinforced hydrogels show great promise as mechanically robust scaffolds for corneal tissue engineering applications. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.