Paper surfaces and dynamical limits

It is very common in mathematics to construct surfaces by identifying the sides of a polygon together in pairs: For example, identifying opposite sides of a square yields a torus. In this article the construction is considered in the case where infinitely many pairs of segments around the boundary of the polygon are identified. The topological, metric, and complex structures of the resulting surfaces are discussed: In particular, a condition is given under which the surface has a global complex structure (i.e., is a Riemann surface). In this case, a modulus of continuity for a uniformizing map is given. The motivation for considering this construction comes from dynamical systems theory: If the modulus of continuity is uniform across a family of such constructions, each with an iteration defined on it, then it is possible to take limits in the family and hence to complete it. Such an application is briefly discussed.

Polar orthogonal representations of real reductive algebraic groups

We prove that a polar orthogonal representation of a real reductive algebraic group has the same closed orbits as the isotropy representation of a pseudo-Riemannian symmetric space. We also develop a partial structural theory of polar orthogonal representations of real reductive algebraic groups which slightly generalizes some results of the structural theory of real reductive Lie algebras. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Minimal Lagrangian surfaces in the tangent bundle of a Riemannian surface

Given an oriented Riemannian surface (Sigma, g), its tangent bundle T Sigma enjoys a natural pseudo-Kahler structure, that is the combination of a complex structure 2, a pseudo-metric G with neutral signature and a symplectic structure Omega. We give a local classification of those surfaces of T Sigma which are both Lagrangian with respect to Omega and minimal with respect to G. We first show that if g is non-flat, the only such surfaces are affine normal bundles over geodesics. In the flat case there is, in contrast, a large set of Lagrangian minimal surfaces, which is described explicitly. As an application, we show that motions of surfaces in R(3) or R(1)(3) induce Hamiltonian motions of their normal congruences, which are Lagrangian surfaces in TS(2) or TH(2) respectively. We relate the area of the congruence to a second-order functional F = f root H(2) - K dA on the original surface. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Abelian torsion groups with a countably compact group topology

Comfort and Remus [W.W. Comfort, D. Remus, Abelian torsion groups with a pseudo-compact group topology, Forum Math. 6 (3) (1994) 323-337] characterized algebraically the Abelian torsion groups that admit a pseudocompact group topology using the Ulm-Kaplansky invariants. We show, under a condition weaker than the Generalized Continuum Hypothesis, that an Abelian torsion group (of any cardinality) admits a pseudocompact group topology if and only if it admits a countably compact group topology. Dikranjan and Tkachenko [D. Dikranjan. M. Tkachenko, Algebraic structure of small countably compact Abelian groups, Forum Math. 15 (6) (2003) 811-837], and Dikranjan and Shakhmatov [D. Dikranjan. D. Shakhmatov, Forcing hereditarily separable compact-like group topologies on Abelian groups, Topology Appl. 151 (1-3) (2005) 2-54] showed this equivalence for groups of cardinality not greater than 2(c). We also show, from the existence of a selective ultrafilter, that there are countably compact groups without non-trivial convergent sequences of cardinality kappa(omega), for any infinite cardinal kappa. In particular, it is consistent that for every cardinal kappa there are countably compact groups without non-trivial convergent sequences whose weight lambda has countable cofinality and lambda > kappa. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Fully electrochemical hyphenated flow system for preconcentration, cleanup, stripping, capillary electrophoresis with stacking and contactless conductivity detection of trace heavy metals

Successful coupling of electrochemical preconcentration (EPC) to capillary electrophoresis (CE) with contactless conductivity detection (C(4)D) is reported for the first time. The EPC-CE interface comprises a dual glassy carbon electrode (GCE) block, a spacer and an upper block with flow inlet and outlet, pseudo-reference electrode and a fitting for the CE silica column, consisting of an orifice perpendicular to the surface of a glassy carbon electrode with a bushing inside to ensure a tight press fit. The end of the capillary in contact with the GCE is slant polished, thus defining a reproducible distance from the electrode surface to the column bore. First results with EPC-CE-C(4)D are very promising, as revealed by enrichment factors of two orders of magnitude for Tl, Cu, Pb and Cd ion peak area signals. Detection limits for 10 min deposition time fall around 20 nmol L(-1) with linear calibration curves over a wide range. Besides preconcentration, easy matrix exchange between accumulation and stripping/injection favors procedures like sample cleanup and optimization of pH, ionic strength and complexing power. This was demonstrated for highly saline samples by using a low conductivity buffer for stripping/injection to improve separation and promote field-enhanced sample stacking during electromigration along the capillary. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Degradation and adsorption of AZO RR239 dye in aqueous solution by nanoscale zerovalent iron particles immobilized on sawdust

Carra sawdust pretrated with formaldehyde was used to adsorb RR239 (reactive azo dye) at varying pH and zerovalent iron (ZVI) dosage. Modeling of kinetic results shows that sorption process is best described by the pseudo-second-order model. Batch experiments suggest that the decolorization efficiency was strongly enhanced with the presence of ZVI and low solution pH. The kinetics of dye sorption by mixed sorbent (5 g of sawdust and 180 mg of ZVI) at pH 2.0 was rapid, reaching more than 90% of the total discoloration in three minutes.

The role of oxygen in the interaction of emeraldine base polyaniline with Cu(II) or Fe(III) ions in NMP solution

The influence of molecular oxygen in the interactions of emeraldine base form of polyaniline (EB-PANI) with Fe(III) or Cu(II) ions in 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) solutions has been investigated by UV-vis-NIR, resonance Raman and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopies. Through the set of spectroscopic results it was possible to rationalize the role Of O(2) and to construct a scheme of preferential routes occurring in the interaction of EB-PANI with Fe(III) or Cu(II). Solutions of 4.0 mmol L(-1) EB-PANI with 0.8, 2.0 and 20 mmol L(-1) Fe(III) or Cu(II) ions in NMP were investigated and the main observed reactions were EB-PANI oxidation to pernigraniline (PB-PANI) and EB-PANI doping process by pseudo-protonation, or by a two-step redox process. In the presence Of O(2), PB-PANI is observed in all Fe(III)/EB solutions and EB-PANI doping only occurs in solutions with high Fe(III) concentrations through pseudo-protonation. On the other hand, emeraldine salt (ES-PANI) is formed in all Fe(III)/EB solutions under N(2) atmosphere and, in this case, doping occurs both by the pseudo-protonation and two-step redox mechanisms. In all Cu(II)/EB solutions PB-PANI is formed both in the presence and absence of O(2), and only for solutions with high Cu(II) concentrations doping process occurs in a very low degree. The most important result from EPR spectra was providing evidence for redox steps. The determined Cu(II) signal areas under oxygen are higher than under N(2) and, further. the initial metal proportions (1:2:20) are maintained in these spectra, indicating that Cu(I) formed are re-oxidized by O(2) and. so, Cu(II) ions are being recycled. Consistently, for the solutions prepared under nitrogen, the corresponding areas and proportions in the spectra are much lower, confirming that a partial reduction of Cu(II) ions actually occurs. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Electrocatalytic behavior of glassy carbon electrodes modified with multiwalled carbon nanotubes and cobalt phthalocyanine for selective analysis of dopamine in presence of ascorbic acid

This work describes the development, electrochemical characterization and utilization of a cobalt phthalocyanine modified carbon nanotube electrode for the quantitative determination of dopamine in 0.2 mol L-1 phosphate buffer contaminated with high concentration of ascorbic acid. The electrode surface was analyzed by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy which showed a modified surface presenting a charge transfer resistance of 500 Omega, against the 16.46 k Omega value found for the bare glassy carbon surface. A pseudo rate constant value of 5.4 x 10(-4) cm s(-1) for dopamine oxidation was calculated. Voltammetric experiments showed a shift of the peak potential of DA oxidation to less positive value at 390 mV as compared with that of a bare GC electrode at 570 mV. The electrochemical determination of dopamine, in presence of ascorbic acid in concentrations up to 0.1 mol L-1 by differential pulse voltarnmetry, yielded a detection limit as low as 2.56 x 10(-7) mol L-1.

Feasible estimation of generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) with weak dependency between groups

This paper presents a two-step pseudo likelihood estimation technique for generalized linear mixed models with the random effects being correlated between groups. The core idea is to deal with the intractable integrals in the likelihood function by multivariate Taylor's approximation. The accuracy of the estimation technique is assessed in a Monte-Carlo study. An application of it with a binary response variable is presented using a real data set on credit defaults from two Swedish banks. Thanks to the use of two-step estimation technique, the proposed algorithm outperforms conventional pseudo likelihood algorithms in terms of computational time.

Den skickligt inkompetente chefen

The skilled incompetent manager Based on a critical interpretation of a leadership seminar we illustrate how the performance of the managers involved skilled incompetence. It expresses itself through a non-critical attitude, easily-made solutions and pseudo-communication, which together fuel a kind of knowledge flexibility. This uncritical, somewhat shallow and pragmatic attitude towards knowledge (e.g. management concepts), ought not to be understood as just dysfunctional, but also as a more or less unaware but adjusted competence, that in some situations works as a social lubricant in bureaucratic organizations.

Therapeutic Discourse and the American Public Philosophy: On American Liberalism's Troubled Relationship with Psychology

I explore the main currents of postwar American liberalism. One, sociological, emerged in response to the danger of mass movements. Articulated primarily by political sociologists and psychologists and ascendant from the mid-fifties till the mid-seventies, it heralded the "end of ideology." It emphasized stability, elitism, positive science and pluralism; it recast normatively sound politics as logrolling and hard bargaining. I argue that these normative features, attractive when considered in isolation, taken together led to a vicious ad hominem style in accounting for views outside the postwar consensus. It used pseudo-scientific literature in labeling populists, Progressives, Taft conservatives, Goldwaterites, the New Left and others "pathological," viz. mentally ill. Hence, "therapeutic discourse." I argue that philosophical liberalism, which reasserts the role of political theory in working out norms and adjudicating disagreement, is a more profitable way of thinking about and defending from critics liberalism. I take the philosopher John Rawls as the tradition's modern representative. This inquiry is important because the themes of sociological liberalism are making a comeback in American public discourse, and with them perhaps the baggage of therapeutic discourse. I present a cautionary tale.

Decision Support Systems And Promoting Socially Just Environmental Management

The Mauri Model DMF is unique in its approach to the management of water resources as the framework offers a transparent and inclusive approach to considering the environmental, economic, social and cultural aspects of the decisions being contemplated. The Mauri Model DMF is unique because it is capable of including multiple-worldviews and adopts mauri (intrinsic value or well-being) in the place of the more common monetised assessments of pseudo sustainability using Cost Benefit Analysis. The Mauri Model DMF uses a two stage process that first identifies participants’ worldviews and inherent bias regarding water resource management, and then facilitates transparent assessment of selected sustainability performance indicators. The assessment can then be contemplated as the separate environmental, economic, social and cultural dimensions of the decision, and collectively as an overall result; or the priorities associated with different worldviews can be applied to determine the sensitivity of the result to different cultural contexts or worldviews.

Estudo cinético da reação de formação de reticulados tridimensionais

Poli(butadieno) foi reticulado, em solução, com 4,4'-(4,4'-difenilmetileno)-bis-1 ,2,4-triazolina- 3, 5 - diona (BPMTD). Para monitoramento da reação foi medida a absorbância de uma transição n -> pi * do sistema 1,2,4-triazolina-3,5-diona. Segundo os estudos realizados, para baixas conversões a reação segue um esquema cinético de pseudo-primeira ordem e o processo não é controlado pela difusão, pois independe da viscosidade inicial do sistema. Para altas conversões, o processo torna-se dependente do peso molecular e da concentração do polímero inicial, devido à ocorrência de uma difusão impedida a nível de segmentos de cadeia. Estudos preliminares da reação de reticulação da borracha butílica com a BPMTD mostraram que, como o número de ligações duplas por cadeia polimérica é menor neste caso, ocorre formação de um menor número de ligações intramoleculares e a quantidade de BPMTD necessária para que ocorra gelificação é muito menor do que no caso do poli(butadieno).

Estudo da transição de fase sol-gel em reticulados de polibutadieno

A transição de fase sol-gel em reticulados de poli-(butadieno) sintetizados com 1,6-hexano-bis-1,2,4-triazolina-3,5-diona (HMTD) foi caracterizada através de um estudo cinético e de um estudo viscosimétrico. Verificou-se que a reação de reticulação segue um esquema cinético de pseudo-primeira ordem, o qual a baixas conversões é equivalente a um de primeira ordem, sendo a reação neste estágio controlada por processo de ativação. A conversões mais altas ocorre um desvio do comportamento inicial, tornando-se a reção acentuadamente mais lenta. Através de medidas de viscosidade intrínseca de sistemas ramificados (estado de sol), determinou-se o ponto de gelificação em função da concentração inicial HMTD. Verificou-se ser necessário observar-se um aumento acentuado da viscosidade intrínseca com a concentração de HMTD, para que o ponto de gelificação obtido seja coerente aos dados experimentais. Relacionando-se a cinética da reação à viscosimetria, calculou-se o tempo de gelificação, i.e. o ponto de gelificação em função do tempo. Através da constante de velocidade da reação, do ponto de gelificação em função da concentração de HMTD, da conversão crítica e do tempo de gelificação, caracterizou-se a transição de fase sol-gel do sistema estudado.

Análise dinâmica de solos submetidos à ação simultânea das três componentes da excitação na base rochosa

Durante a análise sísmica de estruturas complexas, o modelo matemático empregado deveria incluir não só as distribuicões irregulares de massas e de rigidezes senão também à natureza tridimensional da ecitação sísmica. Na prática, o elevado número de graus de liberdade involucrado limita este tipo de análise à disponibilidade de grandes computadoras. Este trabalho apresenta um procedimento simplificado, para avaliar a amplificação do movimento sísmico em camadas de solos. Sua aplicação permitiria estabelecer critérios a partir dos quais avalia-se a necessidade de utilizar modelos de interação solo-estrutura mais complexos que os utilizados habitualmente. O procedimento proposto possui as seguientes características : A- Movimento rígido da rocha definido em termos de três componentes ortagonais. Direção de propagação vertical. B- A ecuação constitutiva do solo inclui as características de não linearidade, plasticidade, dependência da história da carga, dissipação de energia e variação de volume. C- O perfil de solos é dicretizado mediante um sistema de massas concentradas. Utiliza-se uma formulação incremental das equações de movimento com integração directa no domínio do tempo. As propriedades pseudo-elásticas do solo são avaliadas em cada intervalo de integração, em função do estado de tensões resultante da acção simultânea das três componentes da excitação. O correcto funcionamento do procedimento proposto é verificado mediante análises unidimensionais (excitação horizontal) incluindo estudos comparativos com as soluções apresentadas por diversos autores. Similarmente apresentam-se análises tridimensionais (acção simultânea das três componentes da excitação considerando registros sísmicos reais. Analisa-se a influência que possui a dimensão da análise (uma análise tridimensional frente a três análises unidimensionais) na resposta de camadas de solos submetidos a diferentes níveis de exçitação; isto é, a limitação do Princípio de Superposisão de Efeitos.