海洋要素垂直剖面测量系统的数据存储

长期、定点、连续测量海洋环境参数，尤其是从海洋表面到海底的垂直剖面的监测一直以来大都是由船只完成，耗费大量的人力和财力。“海浪驱动自持式海洋要素垂直剖面测量系统”（简称“海马”）利用海洋无时不在的波浪能，驱动滑行器单方向下潜运动，直达海底或程序设定的预定深度，在控制系统作用下，滑行器依靠自身的浮力匀速上浮， 并在此过程中，完成海洋要素的自动测量和存储。 当今海洋仪器大多采用“闪存”来存储数据，主要有RS－232串口和并型口的CF(Compact Flash)卡两种形式。但是两种接口都有一定的缺陷：CF卡不能和PC机直接通信，必须通过转接口才能将数据传送到PC机上；而RS-232接口虽然可以和PC机直接通信，但是由于其传输速度较慢，不利于大量数据的传输。由于上述两种接口的缺点，“海马”采用U盘来实现数据的存储。 USB接口不仅可以和PC机直接通信，而且具有使用方便，数据传输率高，又支持即插即用等特点，但由于USB接口协议复杂，涉及的方面广，特别是软件种类比较多，而且USB芯片种类繁多，使得USB设备的开发非常困难。 本文设计的USB(Universal Serial Bus)接口电路以单片机AT89C51以及CYPRESS公司生产的USB接口芯片SL811HS为核心，结合了随机存储芯片HY62256以及看门狗芯片X25165。在介绍了SL811HS控制器芯片的主要特点的基础上，重点阐述了利用这一芯片在C语言的编程控制之下如何识别U盘的插入和拔出，以及如何将单片机的数据按协议规定写入U盘，其中的协议包括FAT文件协议，USB协议和UFI命令协议。 本系统实现了单片机对U盘的数据存储，速度快，存储容量大，数据读取方便，直观明了，系统工作安全可靠，抗干扰能力强，可扩展性大，而且针对下位机设计的串口协议简单，可以满足“海马”海量数据的存储要求。

海洋发酵菌和光合细菌耦联制氢研究

近年来，生物制氢技术与废物综合治理技术相结合，在处理废物的同时获得清洁的能源。目前生物制氢技术发展的瓶颈问题是高效产氢菌种的获得。因此，本研究采用不同预处理方法对海洋污泥的产氢能力的影响进行了分析，同时分离获得多株海洋产酸产氢细菌和海洋光合产氢细菌。 采用不同预处理方法（包括酸处理、碱处理、热处理和硝酸盐处理）获得海洋产酸产氢混合菌种，且其对产氢能力的影响进行分析。结果表明在所有预处理方法中，热处理的最大产氢量最高；于是，我们研究了不同起始pH值（pH 4-10.0）和不同底物浓度对热处理产氢菌群的产氢能力的影响。结果表明热处理产氢菌群的最适起始pH值为8.0，该值与天然海水的pH值相近。这意味着该产酸产氢菌群可作为海洋有机废物处理的候选菌群。 通过富集获得两类海洋光合产氢菌群，它们分别可以利用发酵产氢的关键副产物—乙酸或丁酸作为产氢碳源。研究表明温度、光照强度、起始pH和乙酸或丁酸浓度皆对两类光合产氢菌群的生长和产氢能力皆有明显影响。此外，产酸产氢菌群和光合细菌菌群耦联放氢进行了初步研究，结果表明藕联放氢可以获得较高的产氢量和底物利用率。 建立了一种厌氧产氢细菌的快速筛选方法。采用该方法从已获得的暗发酵和光合高效产氢菌群中分别分离高效产氢菌株。结果分离纯化获得暗发酵产氢细菌61株和光合产氢细菌34株。其中12株暗发酵产氢细菌和7株光合产氢细菌产氢量相对较高。 利用海水养殖有机废水进行微生物制氢技术将微生物制氢和环境治理相结合，是集污水治理和废物利用为一体的综合技术，具有广阔的应用前景，本研究为海水养殖有机废水进行微生物制氢技术发展奠定了基础。

皮状丝孢酵母发酵大米草水解液生产微生物油脂

大米草是一种外来引种植物，本来引进的目的是为了保滩护岸、促淤造陆。然而大米草过度繁殖，侵袭海洋沿岸滩涂，所以综合开发大米草有着重要的经济意义和生态意义。本实验研究着力于将大米草水解液通过皮状丝孢酵母发酵而制取生物油脂。并且随着近年来石油价格的攀升和对于汽车尾气对环境造成的日趋严重的污染，生物柴油的开发受到高度重视。微生物油脂则是生物柴油生产的很好的原料，因为它无需占用耕地，而能够把农业加工剩余物或是其它的含纤维素的生物质转化为油脂。 本实验采用产油酵母菌皮状丝孢酵母（Trichosporon cutaneum）直接发酵经过简单脱毒处理的大米草水解液生产微生物油脂。在122℃，固—液比为10%（w/v），分别用1%、2%、4%和6%稀硫酸水解大米草，结果表明在6%的酸浓度下水解40 min后还原糖含量最高，达到22.8 g/L。而同时以1%稀硫酸在140℃下水解大米草，2.8h后，水解液中葡萄糖产量达到最高14.2g/L。确定了摇瓶发酵最适工艺条件：摇床转速200 rpm，接种量10%（v/v），装液量为200 mL (1000-mL三角瓶)。在此基础上，确定了水解液最适浓缩倍数和pH值，水解液浓缩倍数为4.0时产油量高达6.0 g/L，产油率为46.3%。本文为高效利用大米草提供了新的途径。 关键词:皮状丝孢酵母,大米草,水解,发酵,微生物油脂

两株海藻内生真菌次生代谢产物及其生物活性研究

海洋微生物拥有丰富多样的次生代谢途径，其中海洋生物内生真菌次生代谢产物研究日益受到天然产物化学界的重视。本论文以菌丝体生物量、发酵产物重量、抗菌与细胞毒活性、薄层色谱分析结果以及高效液相色谱分析结果等为评价依据对采自青岛沿海的13株海藻内生真菌在四种液体培养基上的静置发酵产物进行了综合评价，并从中选择了黑曲霉Aspergillus niger EN-13（分离自褐藻囊藻Colpomenia sinuosa）和杂色曲霉A. versicolor EN-7（分离自褐藻鼠尾藻Sargassum thunbergii）两株真菌进行了30升规模发酵（分别采用GPYM培养基和PDB培养）和化学成分的研究，对分离得到的大部分化合物进行了初步的生物活性筛选。 发酵提取物采用常规的硅胶柱层析、反相硅胶柱层析，凝胶Sephadex LH-20柱层析、制备薄层层析、半制备高效液相色谱以及重结晶等分离手段，得到单体化合物。利用各种现代波谱技术(IR、UV、EI-MS、FAB-MS、HR-ESI-MS、1H-NMR、13C-NMR、DEPT、1H-1H COSY、HSQC、HMBC等)并结合化学方法从两种菌株发酵提取物中鉴定了55个化合物的结构。其中从菌株A. niger EN-13分离鉴定了31个化合物，发现9个新化合物，包括2个鞘酯类化合物（AN-1~2）、3个萘并-γ-吡喃酮类化合物（AN-3~5）、3个苯乙基取代的α-吡喃酮类化合物（AN-17, AN-19~20）和1个甾体Diels-Alder加成产物（AN-21），另有1个新的天然环二肽（AN-27）被分离鉴定；从菌株A. versicolor EN-7分离鉴定了24个化合物，发现2个新化合物，为蒽醌AV-12与AV-17，另外，从前一菌株（A. niger EN-13）中鉴定的2个新鞘酯类化合物（AN-1~2）在A. versicolor EN-7中也被再次分离到。 对大部分单体化合物进行了抗菌活性、DPPH自由基清除活性和细胞毒活性测试。结果显示新化合物AN-1、AN-5和AN-20具有弱或中等强度的抑制白色念珠菌生长的活性，AN-4、AN-5、AN-21显示了弱或中等强度的抑制黑曲霉生长的活性，AV-12、AV-17显示了弱的抑制大肠杆菌生长的活性。在DPPH自由基清除活性筛选中，AN-5显示了中等强度的活性，其EC50为109.3 mM，与阳性对照BHT相近（EC50为81.8 mM）。其它部分已知化合物在抗菌和DPPH自由基清除活性的筛选中也显示了弱或中等强度的活性。在针对人肝癌细胞株SMMC-7721和人肺腺癌细胞株A549的体外细胞毒活性筛选中，所测样品均未显示显著活性。

Marine bacteria associated with marine macroorganisms: the potential antimicrobial resources

In order to explore marine microorganisms with medical potential, marine bacteria were isolated from seawater, sediment, marine invertebrates and seaweeds collected from different coastal areas of the China Sea. The antimicrobial activities of these bacteria were investigated. Ethyl acetate extracts of marine bacterial fermentation were screened for antimicrobial activities using the method of agar diffusion. The results showed that 42 strains of the isolates have antimicrobial activity. The proportion of active bacteria associated with marine invertebrates (20%) and seaweeds (11%) is higher than that isolated from seawater (7%) and sediment (5%). The active marine bacteria were assigned to the genera Alteromonas, Pseudomonas, Bacillus and Flavobacterium. The TLC autobiographic overlay assay implied that the antimicrobial metabolites produced by four strains with wide antimicrobial spectrum were different. Due to a competitive role for space and nutrient, the marine bacteria associated with marine macroorganisms (invertebrates and seaweeds) could produce more antibiotic substances. These marine bacteria were expected to be potential resources of natural antibiotic products.

基于改进的OFA-MPCA的监控方法

多向主元分析(MPCA)是利用多变量统计方法从纷杂的海量数据信息中提取出能够准确表征数据信息的几个主元,并通过投影法来降低数据的维数,主要应用于间歇生产过程中.在实际的间歇生产过程中,由于各种原因导致各批次异步造成它们运行时间的不一致,而无法直接建立有效的统计模型,正交函数近似(OFA)是一种基于正交基的投影变换技术,通过对原始数据进行OFA处理后,可以用投影系数来描述原始数据所具有的特征,并且可以达到轨迹同步化和压缩数据量的目的.对OFA法进行了部分改进,并结合MPCA法对典型的间歇过程——青霉素发酵过程进行了仿真研究.结果表明,改进的OFA计算速度有了极大的提高,且改进的OFA-MPCA法能完好地对各批次进行同步、建模并得出准确的监视结果.

微功耗海底地震仪的研制

Our motherland has large area of maritime space. Searching and developing ocean becomes more and more important. So Ocean Bottom Seismometer (OBS) as an absolutely necessary equipment can be used in many oceanic fields. OBS not only is an important instrument for discovering structure of lithosphere of ocean bottom, but also plays a main role of oceanic geophysical exploration. The paper introduces my relational work. The MCI micro-power broad frequency seismometer was developed independently. Its power dissipation is less than 300mW. It has some merits including miniature volumeN light mass and cheap price. It is an ideal device not only for the collection high-resolution natural seismic data, but also for the fields of seismic sounding and engineering seismology. Many new high technique were applied to develop this instrument including over-sampling A/D converter, high performance 32bit Micro Process Unit and Flash memory with smart-media interface. Base on the achievement, I have accomplished the showpiece of OBS, which is applied to the deepwater oil and gas geophysical exploration. Because of micro-power dissipation, the seismograph and the sonar releaser can be integrated into a sphere cabin. By this means, the instrument's frequency of resonance and frequency of couple are improved obviously. The data acquisition system of OBS is improved from MCI seismometer. The capacity of flash memory is enlarge from 1G bytes to 8G bytes. The advance MPU in data acquisition system is used to integrate other function modules such as sonar, GPS, compass and digital transmitter.

表征方式对网上购物信息搜索行为影响的工程心理学实验研究

Interface has been becoming a more significant element today which influences the development of shopping on-line greatly. But in practice the attention arisen from society and study made are quite inadequate. Under this circumstance, I focus my study on the purpose of improving understanding of the engineering psychological factors, which definitely will play a crucial role in shopping on-line representation in future, and of the relations between them through the following experimental research. I hope it can give a basic reference to the practical application of shopping on-line representation pattern and continuous study. In current thesis, an analysis was made on the basis of engineering psychology principles from three aspects, i.e. person (users), task and information environment. It was considered that system overview and information behavior model would have great impact on the activities of users on the web and that representation pattern of information system would affect the forming of system overview and behavior pattern and then further after the performances of users in information system. Based on above-mentioned statement, a three-dimensional conceptual model was presented which demonstrates the relations between the crucial factors, which are media representation pattern, system hierarchy and objects in information unit. Thereafter, eight study hypothesis, which are about engineering psychological factors of virtual reality (VR) representation in shopping on-line system, was taken out and four experiments were followed up to testify the hypothesis. -In experiment one, a research was made to study how the three kinds of single media representation pattern influence the forming of system overview and information behavior from the point view of task performance, operating error, overall satisfactory and mental workload etc. -In experiment two, a study of how the combined media representation pattern of system hierarchy influences users' behavior was carried out. -In experiment three, a study of the hierarchy structure feature of VR representation pattern and the tendency of its width and depth to the effects of system behavior was made. -In experiment four, a study of the location relations between different parties in VR scene (information unit) was made. The result is as follows: -During structure dimensional state: Width-increasing caused more damage to the speed of users than depth-increasing in VR representation pattern. Although the performance of subjects was quite slow in wider environment, yet the percentage rate of causing errors was in lowest level. -During hierarchy representation pattern: 1. Between the representation patterns of the three media, no significant differences was found in terms of the speed of fulfilling the task, error rate, satisfactory, mental workload etc. But the pattern with figure- aided gained the worst results on all of these aspects. 2. During primary stage of the task and the first level of the hierarchy, the speed of subjects' performance in VR pattern was slower than that in text pattern. While with developing of the task and going deeper level of the hierarchy, the speed of users' performance in VR representation pattern reached to the highest level. 3. Effects in VR representation pattern was better than that in text pattern in higher level of the system. The representation pattern in highest level has greatest impact on the performance of the system behavior, whereas results of the only VR representation in the middle part of hierarchy would be worst. 4. Activity error in single media representation pattern was more than that in combined media representation pattern. 5. Individual differences among subjects had effects on the representation pattern of the system. During VR environment, behavior tendency of party A had a significant negative correlation to the quantities of errors. -In VR-scene representation: Physical-distance and flash influenced the subjects' task performance greatly, while psychological-distance has no outstanding impact. Subjects' accurate rate of performing increased if objects with same relation were in the same structure position, in the state of close psychological-distance or if the object target flashed (not reliable). Although the article limits the topic only on the present-existing questions and analysis of shopping-on-line, as a matter of fact, it can also apply for other relevant purposes on the web. While the study of this article only gives its emphasis on the researching-task with definite goal, making no consideration of other task conditions and their relations with other navigation tools. So I hope it lay a good start to make continuous research in this areas.

Webmapping desenvolvido em tecnologia Flex para análises e monitoramento de obras de infraestrutura.

Buscando o aprimoramento das análises de imagens, maior segurança e contínua disponibilização de imagens de satélite para monitoramento orbital das obras do Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento (PAC) do governo federal, uma nova interface de webmapping foi desenvolvida pelas áreas de Gestão Territorial Estratégica (GTE) e de Tecnologia da Informação (GTI) da Embrapa Monitoramento por Satélite utilizando a linguagem Flex. Essa nova interface é complementar à desenvolvida e apresentada em Carvalho (2009). Flex é uma linguagem de programação baseada em Flash para a criação de aplicações web do tipo Internet Rica (da sigla em inglês RIA ? Rich Internet Application), que têm características e funcionalidades de softwares tradicionais do tipo aplicativo.

Keeping Secrets in Hardware: the Microsoft Xbox(TM) Case Study

This paper discusses the hardware foundations of the cryptosystem employed by the Xbox(TM) video game console from Microsoft. A secret boot block overlay is buried within a system ASIC. This secret boot block decrypts and verifies portions of an external FLASH-type ROM. The presence of the secret boot block is camouflaged by a decoy boot block in the external ROM. The code contained within the secret boot block is transferred to the CPU in the clear over a set of high-speed busses where it can be extracted using simple custom hardware. The paper concludes with recommendations for improving the Xbox security system. One lesson of this study is that the use of a high-performance bus alone is not a sufficient security measure, given the advent of inexpensive, fast rapid prototyping services and high-performance FPGAs.

Analysis of the mechanism and regulation of lactose transport and metabolism in Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824.

Although the acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation of Clostridium acetobutylicum is currently uneconomic, the ability of the bacterium to metabolise a wide range of carbohydrates offers the potential for revival based on the use of cheap, low grade substrates. We have investigated the uptake and metabolism of lactose, the major sugar in industrial whey waste, by C. acetobutylicum ATCC 824. Lactose is taken up via a phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)-dependent phosphotransferase system (PTS) comprising both soluble and membrane-associated components, and the resulting phosphorylated derivative is hydrolysed by a phospho--galactosidase. These activities are induced during growth on lactose, but are absent in glucose-grown cells. Analysis of the C. acetobutylicum genome sequence identified a gene system, lacRFEG, encoding a transcriptional regulator of the DeoR family, IIA and IICB components of a lactose PTS, and phospho--galactosidase. During growth in medium containing both glucose and lactose, C. acetobutylicum exhibited a classical diauxic growth, and the lac operon was not expressed until glucose was exhausted from the medium. The presence upstream of lacR of a potential catabolite responsive element (cre) encompassing the transcriptional start site is indicative of the mechanism of carbon catabolite repression characteristic of low-GC Gram-positive bacteria. A pathway for the uptake and metabolism of lactose by this industrially important organism is proposed.

A ?Perfect Circle'? Alchemy in the Poetry of Hester Pulter

Archer, Jayne, 'A ?Perfect Circle'? Alchemy in the Poetry of Hester Pulter', Literature Compass (2005) 2(1) pp.1-14 RAE2008

Utilisation of whole sorghum crop residues for bioethanol production

Sorghum is the fifth most important cereal worldwide and is a major source of agricultural residues in tropical regions. Bioconversion of whole sorghum crop residues comprising stalks, leaves, peduncles and panicles to ethanol has great potential for improving ethanol yield per sorghum crop cultivated, and for sustainable biofuel production. Effective pretreatment of sorghum lignocellulosic biomass is central to the efficiency of subsequent fermentation to ethanol. Previous studies have focused on bioconversion of sorghum stalks and/or leaves only to bioethanol, but the current study is the first report dealing with whole crop residues. We specifically focused on the impact of Nigerian sorghum cultivation location and cultivar type on the potential ethanol yield from whole sorghum crop residues. Efficient bioconversion of whole sorghum residues to ethanol provides a sustainable route for utilisation of crop residues thereby providing a non-food feedstock for industrial scale bioethanol production.

Estudo da suscetibilidade aos antibióticos em isolados de Enterobacteriaceae provenientes de suiniculturas Portuguesas

Projeto de Pós-Graduação/Dissertação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências Farmacêuticas