Research Ethics and Commercial Drug Development: When Integrity Threatens Profitability

Étude de cas / Case study

La puissance technique de la médecine : des pistes de réflexion

Compte-rendu / Review

Trouble du spectre de l’autisme : Une agentivité morale objective, rigoriste et émotionnelle

Article

Economic Impact of Identity Theft in India: Lessons from Western Countries

In this computerized, globalised and internet world our computer collects various types of information’s about every human being and stores them in files secreted deep on its hard drive. Files like cache, browser history and other temporary Internet files can be used to store sensitive information like logins and passwords, names addresses, and even credit card numbers. Now, a hacker can get at this information by wrong means and share with someone else or can install some nasty software on your computer that will extract your sensitive and secret information. Identity Theft posses a very serious problem to everyone today. If you have a driver’s license, a bank account, a computer, ration card number, PAN card number, ATM card or simply a social security number you are more than at risk, you are a target. Whether you are new to the idea of ID Theft, or you have some unanswered questions, we’ve compiled a quick refresher list below that should bring you up to speed. Identity theft is a term used to refer to fraud that involves pretending to be someone else in order to steal money or get other benefits. Identity theft is a serious crime, which is increasing at tremendous rate all over the world after the Internet evolution. There is widespread agreement that identity theft causes financial damage to consumers, lending institutions, retail establishments, and the economy as a whole. Surprisingly, there is little good public information available about the scope of the crime and the actual damages it inflicts. Accounts of identity theft in recent mass media and in film or literature have centered on the exploits of 'hackers' - variously lauded or reviled - who are depicted as cleverly subverting corporate firewalls or other data protection defenses to gain unauthorized access to credit card details, personnel records and other information. Reality is more complicated, with electronic identity fraud taking a range of forms. The impact of those forms is not necessarily quantifiable as a financial loss; it can involve intangible damage to reputation, time spent dealing with disinformation and exclusion from particular services because a stolen name has been used improperly. Overall we can consider electronic networks as an enabler for identity theft, with the thief for example gaining information online for action offline and the basis for theft or other injury online. As Fisher pointed out "These new forms of hightech identity and securities fraud pose serious risks to investors and brokerage firms across the globe," I am a victim of identity theft. Being a victim of identity theft I felt the need for creating an awareness among the computer and internet users particularly youngsters in India. Nearly 70 per cent of Indian‘s population are living in villages. Government of India already started providing computer and internet facilities even to the remote villages through various rural development and rural upliftment programmes. Highly educated people, established companies, world famous financial institutions are becoming victim of identity theft. The question here is how vulnerable the illiterate and innocent rural people are if they suddenly exposed to a new device through which some one can extract and exploit their personal data without their knowledge? In this research work an attempt has been made to bring out the real problems associated with Identity theft in developed countries from an economist point of view.

Is export orientation a major motivator for the adoption of food safety systems in the Turkish dried fig firms?

Food safety management systems (FSMSs) and the scrutinisation of the food safety practices that are intended for adoption on the firm level both offer strategic value to the dried fig sector. This study aims to prove the hypothesis that export orientation is a major motivating force for the adoption of food safety systems in the Turkish dried fig firms. Data were obtained from 91 dried fig firms located in Aydin, Turkey. Interviews were carried out with firms’ managers/owners using a face-to-face questionnaire designed from May to August of 2010. While 36.3 percent of the interviewed firms had adopted one or more systems, the rest had no certification. A binomial logistic econometric model was employed. The parameters that influenced this decision included contractual agreements with other firms, implementation of good practices by the dried fig farmers, export orientation and cost-benefit ratio. Interestingly, the rest of the indicators employed had no statistically significant effect on adoption behaviour. This paper focusses on the export orientation parameter directly in order to test the validity of the main research hypothesis. The estimated marginal effect suggests that when dried fig firms are export-oriented, the probability that these firms will adopt food safety systems goes up by 39.5 percent. This rate was the first range observed among all the marginal probability values obtained and thus verified the hypothesis that export orientation is a major motivator for the adoption of food safety systems in the Turkish dried fig firms.

Ist der Ernährungsführerschein eine geeignete Primärpräventionsmaßnahme, um die Ernährungssituation zu verbessern?

Das Ernährungsverhalten einer Bevölkerung hat einen wesentlichen Einfluss auf das Wohlbefinden, die Gesundheit und Leistungsfähigkeit der Menschen. Ernährungsbedingte, chronische Erkrankungen weisen in den westlichen Industrienationen eine hohe Inzidenz und Prävalenz auf. Präventionsmaßnahmen im Setting Schule sollen das Ernährungsverhalten der Kinder- und Jugendlichen positiv beeinflussen. Gerade in diesem Setting können Personen mit unterschiedlichem sozioökonomischem Status, sowie Personen aus diversen Lebensbereichen angesprochen werden. Der Ernährungsführerschein (EFS) ist eine schulbasierte Primärpräventions-maßnahme, der in der 3. Jahrgangsstufe/Grundschule durchgeführt wird. In 6 – 7 Unterrichtseinheiten erfolgt eine praxisnahe Vermittlung von Grundkenntnissen über Ernährung, Lebensmittel und deren Zubereitung. Der EFS möchte eine Verhaltensänderung der Schulkinder bewirken. Sie erlernen Kompetenzen, damit sie in der Lage sind, sich selbst eine gesunde Mahlzeit zubereiten zu können. Aber kann dieses Projekt eine nachhaltige Verhaltensänderung bewirken? Die folgende Studie mit Mixed-Methods-Ansatz im Explanatory-Sequential-Design versucht genau dieser Frage nachzugehen. Auf eine quantitative Prä- und Postbefragung in 16 Klassen an 12 Grundschulen im Landkreis Marburg Biedenkopf und insgesamt 992 Befragungen folgte eine qualitative Studie mit neun problemzentrierten, leitfadengestützten Interviews. Der EFS zeigt keinen signifikanten Einfluss auf die Veränderung des Ernährungsverhaltens. Positiv zu bewerten ist, dass durch den EFS Alltagskompetenzen bei der Nahrungszubereitung gefördert wurden. Dieser positive Einfluss muss jedoch differenziert betrachtet werden, denn die qualitativen Studie zeigt, dass der EFS sehr gut in Familien aufgenommen wird, die sich bereits mit Ernährungsfragen auseinandersetzen und darauf achten, einen ernährungsphysiologisch günstigen Ernährungsstil zu leben oder anzustreben. In Familien der Billig- und Fleischesser konnte der EFS die Türen nicht öffnen. Aber gerade in diesem Segment wäre eine Veränderung des Essverhaltens induziert. Die Untersuchung ergab, dass der EFS für sich alleine nicht den Anspruch erheben kann, die Ernährungssituation der Kinder und Familien zu verbessern. Aber er bietet ein methodisch-didaktisch gut ausgearbeitetes Konzept und könnte als Baustein in die Entwicklung eines praxisnahen, erlebnisorientierten und ganzheitlichen Ernährungsbildungskonzepts unter Berücksichtigung diverser Settings und Lebenswelten der Kinder und Familien einfließen.

El seguro de responsabilidad

Esta obra constituye un aporte a la literatura jurídica en materia de seguros y de responsabilidad en nuestro país y en América Latina. Presenta una síntesis del estado actual de la responsabilidad y sus principales tendencias, pues esta institución es la materia prima del seguro de responsabilidad. Así mismo, examina los temas más relevantes que atañen al seguro de responsabilidad, tales como su noción y distinción de otras figuras, el interés asegurable, el riesgo asegurable, el siniestro y la delimitación temporal del mismo. Aborda la formación del contrato del seguro de responsabilidad, las cargas y obligaciones de las partes, los gastos del proceso, la prueba del siniestro, la acción directa y el régimen de prescripción, para lo cual se hace un análisis riguroso de los principales tópicos sustanciales y procesales. La obra incluye una útil descripción de las coberturas de seguro de responsabilidad en el mercado. Todo lo anterior acompañado de un nutrido análisis bibliográfico nacional e internacional, de una extensa referencia jurisprudencial y de un enfoque pedagógico que unido al uso de gráficas hacen que esta obra este dirigida a estudiantes, compañías de seguros, compañías de reaseguros, intermediarios de seguros, abogados litigantes y jueces.

Responsabilidad médica, consentimiento informado y nuevas tecnologías

Dentro del contrato de prestación de servicios médicos, el consentimiento informado como elemento contractual, preserva la dignidad y demás derechos de los pacientes, más aún en el caso de la investigación y experimentación biomédica con humanos.

Local model predictive control experiences with differential driven wheeled mobile robots

This work extends a previously developed research concerning about the use of local model predictive control in differential driven mobile robots. Hence, experimental results are presented as a way to improve the methodology by considering aspects as trajectory accuracy and time performance. In this sense, the cost function and the prediction horizon are important aspects to be considered. The aim of the present work is to test the control method by measuring trajectory tracking accuracy and time performance. Moreover, strategies for the integration with perception system and path planning are briefly introduced. In this sense, monocular image data can be used to plan safety trajectories by using goal attraction potential fields

Colour image of the thorax and abdomen

This is an image taken from Anatomy tv, an interactive resource for teaching and learning in anatomy and physiology which the University Library subscribes to. This image may not be changed, but you may take a copy and present it with other materials and resources you are using so long as they are password protected for access by members of the University only. "All products and all images within the products are protected by copyright. The products and images can only be used for private educational purposes, unless a specific license is purchased for any other usage. For any commercial usage of the images, please contact Primal Pictures Limited. The products allow members of the University of Southampton to ‘copy and paste’ all of the text as well as the images in the 3D-model window and all of the slides. These can then be pasted into nearly any other word-processing or graphics program, including Powerpoint. These resources can be made available to members of the University of Southampton via a password-protected service. This again is designed solely as a service for private educational uses. Like any publisher, Primal Pictures protects itself against copyright infringement. Please do contact Debra Morris in the University Library before using these resources to ensure that conditions are respected. ©Primal Pictures Limited 2007

Human heart

A colour image of the human heart. This is an image taken from Anatomy tv, an interactive resource for teaching and learning in anatomy and physiology which the University Library subscribes to. This image may not be changed, but you may take a copy and present it with other materials and resources you are using so long as they are password protected for access by members of the University only. All products and all images within the products are protected by copyright. The products and images can only be used for private educational purposes, unless a specific license is purchased for any other usage. For any commercial usage of the images, please contact Primal Pictures Limited. The products allow members of the University of Southampton to ‘copy and paste’ all of the text as well as the images in the 3D-model window and all of the slides. These can then be pasted into nearly any other word-processing or graphics program, including Powerpoint. These resources can be made available to members of the University of Southampton via a password-protected service. This again is designed solely as a service for private educational uses. Like any publisher, Primal Pictures protects itself against copyright infringement. Please do contact Debra Morris in the University Library before using these resources to ensure that conditions are respected. ©Primal Pictures Limited 2007

La responsabilidad de la administración pública en la etapa precontractual: actos y hechos administrativos, fundamentos de reparación y acciones judiciales.

En el presente trabajo se estudia la responsabilidad precontractual del Estado en el marco del proceso de licitación pública, haciéndose un paralelo con el régimen del derecho privado. Se comienza delimitando la etapa precontractual, identificándose los estadios más relevantes descritos por la doctrina, con el fin de desentrañar la verdadera naturaleza de los actos que se producen para formar la voluntad contractual. Definido lo anterior, se pasa al análisis de los intereses que son tutelables en dicha etapa y las consecuencias jurídicas que se siguen de su vulneración. En esa línea, se considera posteriormente el tema de la forma de reparar los daños causados en la fase precontractual, y cuando se trata de indemnización, el monto de la misma. Finalmente, se emprende el análisis de las acciones judiciales disponibles en el ordenamiento jurídico colombiano, que pueden activarse cuando se han desconocido los principios y reglas que rigen la actividad precontractual de la Administración Pública.

Procedencia en la configuración de contratos atípicos en la nación-superintendencias sin personería jurídica y la nación-unidades administrativas especiales sin personería jurídica sujetas al estatuto de contratación estatal

Desde la introducción del postulado de la “autonomía de la voluntad” en el Estatuto de Contratación Estatal, es posible afirmar que trajo consigo grandes cambios, los cuales se ven reflejados en varios escenarios de la contratación y que sin lugar a duda revelan suma importancia, pero cuando nos referimos a la tipología contractual, primer estadio al cual deben enfrentarse las partes al momento de contratar, este postulado toma real trascendencia al proporcionar libertad a los contratantes, tanto para la entidad como para el particular, de crear conforme a sus necesidades y a los fines estatales la forma contractual que más se ajuste, teniendo en cuenta las limitantes generales que el ordenamiento jurídico le impone. Este entorno ha sido la clave para que se llegue a hablar del contrato estatal atípico, tópico que ha generado discusiones entorno a su admisibilidad en el derecho público por no serle originalmente propio a este.

Los actos administrativos inmersos en el procedimiento tendiente a obtener la concesión de aguas superficiales. Una mirada desde la tradición dogmática del derecho público

El trabajo propuesto busca determinar las formas en las cuales se presenta atipicidad derivada de la particularidad y la constitucionalización del derecho del medio ambiente, ante la teoría general del acto administrativo, visto desde el estudio y la caracterización de las decisiones administrativas emitidas por la Oficina Bogotá D.C.-La Calera de la Corporación Autónoma Regional de Cundinamarca (CAR) en los procedimientos de concesión de aguas superficiales, así como exponer el contenido conceptual de este permiso.

Creative Commons Quiz/Lecture notes/Lecture slides(group 22)

The resource set of info2009 coursework 2 is produced by group22. it contains: 1. poster 2. internet link of a set of multiple questions 3. a pdf file of a set of multiple questions 4. reference list 5. lecture slides 6. lecture notes ps: Edward Payne (ejp1x07@ecs.soton.ac.uk) has not contributed to any part of the activities.