The use of treatment theories and procedures for postural control in adult with hemiplegia: A national survey

This study investigated the use of treatment theories and procedures for postural control training used by Occupational Therapists (OTs) when working with hemiplegic adults who have had cerebrovascular accident (CVA) or traumatic brain injury (TBI). The method of data collection was a national survey of 400 randomly selected physical disability OTs with 127 usable surveys returned. Results showed that the most common used treatment theory was neurodevelopmental treatment (NDT), followed by motor relearning program (MRP), proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF), Brunnstrom's approach, and the approach of Rood. The most common treatment posture used was sitting, followed by standing, mat activity, equilibrium reaction training, and walking. The factors affecting the use of various treatment theories procedures were years certified, years of clinical experience, work situation and work status. Pearson correlation coefficient analyses found significant positive relationships between treatment theories and postures. There were significant high correlations between usage of all pairs of treatment procedures. ^

Ser cuidador de paciente com acidente vascular cerebral: histórias não contadas

The present study aimed to understand the experience of being a family caregiver of a patient with Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA). The relevance of the study is to prove existence of a large number of caregivers of incapacitated patients, due to the CVA and it is not an academic research object, according to the literature. It is a qualitative research, which the guiding principle is the oral history of life, according to the theoretical foundation and operating of Meihy. Therefore, the following steps were highlighted: the target community, composed of all family caregivers of CVA patients; the colony, composed by family caregivers of CVA patients assisted by Home Care Service (HCS) of the Hospital José Pedro Bezerra (HJPB), in the city of Natal/RN; the network was composed of six caregivers who met the criteria for inclusion, and as zero point the first volunteer group. The population was composed of all family caregivers of patients attended by the HCS, of the HJPB having been addressed through interviews. For the empirical research there was the consent of that institution and approval by the Ethics Committee in Research of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte as CAAE 24569413.0.0000.5537 and, above all, with the acquiescence of employees in participating in the investigation, signing an informed consent. Of the empirical material, five categories of analysis were identified: the sense of being a caregiver; what has changed in the life of the caregiver; the feelings emerge in the relationship of care; the distance from family and friends; difficulties faced by the caregiver. The results show that the caregiver's life goes through profound transformations within the family as well as in all spheres of life. For the caregivers, assuming the care of a relative with CVA means renunciation and donation, compromising sometimes the individual projects and the family as a whole. In addition, they point out the confrontation of difficulties within the the assistance and humanization in healthcare, information, physical and emotional overload, as well as financial problems. Despite all the adversities that compromise the caregiver's life, it was possible to identify attitudes of resilience among caregivers, making them their daily life less strenuous and with more lightness. It is expected, therefore, that this research can contribute to a better orientation of professionals with the caregivers

Perfil sociodemográfico dos idosos nas capitais do Nordeste e a mortalidade por doenças crônico-degenerativas desse segmento populacional em Natal (RN)

Population aging is a global demographic trend. This process is a reality that merits attention and importance in recent years, and cause considerable impact in terms of greater demands on the health sector, social security and special care and attention from families and society as a whole. Thus, in the context of addressing the consequences of demographic transition, population aging is characterized as a major challenge for Brazilian society. Therefore, this study was conducted in two main objectives. In the first article, variables of socioeconomic and demographic contexts were employed to identify multidimensional profiles of elderly residents in the Northeast capitals, from specific indicators from the 2010 Census information Therefore, we used the Grade of Membership Method (GoM), whose design profiles admits that an individual belongs to different degrees of relevance to multiple profiles in order to identify socioeconomic and demographic factors associated with living conditions of the elderly in the Northeastern capitals. The second article examined the possible relationship between mortality from chronic diseases and socio-economic indicators in the elderly population, of the 137 districts in Natal, broken down by ten-year age groups (60 to 69 years, 70-79 years and 80 and over. The microdata from the Mortality Information System (SIM), was used, provided by the Health Secretariat of Christmas, and population information came from the Population Census 2010. The method refers to the Global and Local Index neighborhood logic (LISA) Moran, whose spatial distribution from the choropleth maps allowed us to analyze the mortality of the elderly by neighborhoods, according to socioeconomic and demographic indicators, according to the presence of special significance. In the first article, the results show the identification of three extreme profiles. The Profile 1 which is characterized by median socioeconomic status and contributes 35.5% of elderly residents in the area considered. The profile 2 which brings together seniors with low socioeconomic status characteristics, with a percentage of 24.8% of cases. And the Profile 3 composing elderly with features that reveal better socioeconomic conditions, about 29.7% of the elderly. Overall, the results point to poor living conditions represented by the definition of these profiles, mainly expressed by the results observed in more than half of the northeastern elderly experience a situation of social vulnerability given the large percentage that makes up the Profile 1 and Profile 2, adding 60% of the elderly. In the second article, the results show a higher proportion of elderly concentrated in the neighborhoods of higher socioeconomic status, such as Petrópolis and LagoaSeca. Mortality rates, according to the causes of death and standardized by the empirical Bayesian method were distributed locally as follows: Neoplasms (Reis Santos, New Discovery, New Town, Grass Soft and Ponta Negra); Hypertensive diseases (Blue Lagoon, Potengi, Redinha, Reis Santos, Riverside, Lagoa Nova, Grass Soft, Neópolis and Ponta Negra); Acute Myocardial Infarction (Northeast, Guarapes and grass Soft); Cerebrovascular diseases (Petrópolis and Mother Luiza); Pneumonia (Ribeira, Praia do Meio, New Discovery, Grass Soft and Ponta Negra); Chronic Diseases of the Lower Way Airlines (Igapó, Northeast and Thursdays). The present findings at work may contribute to other studies on the subject and development of specific policies for the elderly.

Perfil sociodemográfico dos idosos nas capitais do Nordeste e a mortalidade por doenças crônico-degenerativas desse segmento populacional em Natal (RN)

Population aging is a global demographic trend. This process is a reality that merits attention and importance in recent years, and cause considerable impact in terms of greater demands on the health sector, social security and special care and attention from families and society as a whole. Thus, in the context of addressing the consequences of demographic transition, population aging is characterized as a major challenge for Brazilian society. Therefore, this study was conducted in two main objectives. In the first article, variables of socioeconomic and demographic contexts were employed to identify multidimensional profiles of elderly residents in the Northeast capitals, from specific indicators from the 2010 Census information Therefore, we used the Grade of Membership Method (GoM), whose design profiles admits that an individual belongs to different degrees of relevance to multiple profiles in order to identify socioeconomic and demographic factors associated with living conditions of the elderly in the Northeastern capitals. The second article examined the possible relationship between mortality from chronic diseases and socio-economic indicators in the elderly population, of the 137 districts in Natal, broken down by ten-year age groups (60 to 69 years, 70-79 years and 80 and over. The microdata from the Mortality Information System (SIM), was used, provided by the Health Secretariat of Christmas, and population information came from the Population Census 2010. The method refers to the Global and Local Index neighborhood logic (LISA) Moran, whose spatial distribution from the choropleth maps allowed us to analyze the mortality of the elderly by neighborhoods, according to socioeconomic and demographic indicators, according to the presence of special significance. In the first article, the results show the identification of three extreme profiles. The Profile 1 which is characterized by median socioeconomic status and contributes 35.5% of elderly residents in the area considered. The profile 2 which brings together seniors with low socioeconomic status characteristics, with a percentage of 24.8% of cases. And the Profile 3 composing elderly with features that reveal better socioeconomic conditions, about 29.7% of the elderly. Overall, the results point to poor living conditions represented by the definition of these profiles, mainly expressed by the results observed in more than half of the northeastern elderly experience a situation of social vulnerability given the large percentage that makes up the Profile 1 and Profile 2, adding 60% of the elderly. In the second article, the results show a higher proportion of elderly concentrated in the neighborhoods of higher socioeconomic status, such as Petrópolis and LagoaSeca. Mortality rates, according to the causes of death and standardized by the empirical Bayesian method were distributed locally as follows: Neoplasms (Reis Santos, New Discovery, New Town, Grass Soft and Ponta Negra); Hypertensive diseases (Blue Lagoon, Potengi, Redinha, Reis Santos, Riverside, Lagoa Nova, Grass Soft, Neópolis and Ponta Negra); Acute Myocardial Infarction (Northeast, Guarapes and grass Soft); Cerebrovascular diseases (Petrópolis and Mother Luiza); Pneumonia (Ribeira, Praia do Meio, New Discovery, Grass Soft and Ponta Negra); Chronic Diseases of the Lower Way Airlines (Igapó, Northeast and Thursdays). The present findings at work may contribute to other studies on the subject and development of specific policies for the elderly.

Microhemorragias cerebrales en ancianos con demencia: prevalencia, factores de riesgo e implicaciones clínicas

Las microhemorragias cerebrales (MHC) se observan con frecuencia en la resonancia magnética (RM) asociadas al envejecimiento, la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) y, en particular, a la enfermedad cerebrovascular (ECV). Si bien el sustrato patológico de MHC ha sido suficientemente aclarado, sigue existiendo una considerable controversia acerca de su posible papel fisiopatológico tanto en ECV, como en la EA, así como sobre sus implicaciones clínicas. Se ha propuesto recientemente que las MHC podrían desempeñar un papel fisiopatológico clave para explicar la asociación entre EA y ECV. En consecuencia, las MHC deberían transmitir peor pronóstico clínico en personas mayores con demencia. Distintos estudios realizados en las últimas dos décadas muestran resultados que asocian las MHC con el deterioro cognitivo, especialmente en relación con las funciones ejecutivas, incluso después de que se controlaron las variables fuertemente asociadas, tales como las lesiones isquémicas. Sin embargo, hay muy pocos estudios longitudinales y las áreas clínicas más allá de la cognición (por ejemplo, las capacidades funcionales, problemas de comportamiento o la mortalidad) apenas han sido investigados. Entre estas áreas ignoradas, el estudio del estado de ánimo, el comportamiento y las capacidades funcionales son de particular relevancia en pacientes ancianos con demencia avanzada...

Association between osteoarthritis and cardiovascular disease : Systematic review and meta-analysis

© The European Society of Cardiology 2015.

Association between osteoarthritis and cardiovascular disease : Systematic review and meta-analysis

© The European Society of Cardiology 2015.

Herramienta de apoyo en el diagnóstico motriz y rehabilitación en veterinaria

[ES]En el campo de la medicina veterinaria actual las opciones informáticas disponibles para la investigación y el análisis biomecánico se encuentran limitadas a herramientas que usan tecnología punta para realizar análisis y que requieren de un equipo especializado de alto coste. Hay un espectro de posibilidades por debajo de ese mercado en el que es posible cubrir otras necesidades más comunes. El presente Proyecto Fin de Carrera utiliza la metodología de desarrollo iterativo e incremental para la creación de una solución software con el objetivo de facilitar la labor de evaluación y diagnóstico de animales en el campo de la veterinaria clínica, tanto en la prevención de enfermedades como para la rehabilitación en caso de accidente o herida...

Isquemia Crítica dos Membros Superiores. Manifestação Inicial de Arterite de Células Gigantes - Caso Clínico

Introdução: A arterite de células gigantes (ACG), de etiologia desconhecida, é a vasculite sistémica mais comum nos adultos e pode ter uma ampla variedade de apresentações clínicas. Atinge mais frequentemente os ramos extracranianos da artéria carótida mas, em 10-15% dos casos, pode ocorrer o envolvimento das artérias subclávia, axilar e braquial. Caso clínico: Tratava-se de uma doente do sexo feminino, de 80 anos, com antecedentes de HTA e doença cerebrovascular. Foi observada no serviço de urgência por arrefecimento e dor em repouso nos membros superiores, com evidências de cianose digital distal bilateral. As queixas tinham tido início 2 meses antes e agravamento progressivo desde então. Realizou um angio-TC que mostrou a existência de oclusão de ambas as artérias axilares/braquiais proximais e imagens sugestivas de vasculite ao nível de ambas as artérias subclávias, aorta e artérias femorais comuns. Foi medicada com corticoterapia; contudo, por não apresentar melhoria significativa após 5 dias, optou-se por realizar um bypass carotídeo-umeral bilateral. Após a cirurgia, ocorreu resolução completa das queixas e a doente apresentava pulso radial palpável bilateralmente. Seis meses após a cirurgia, a doente encontrava-se assintomática e os bypasses permeáveis. Conclusão: O presente trabalho pretende expor o caso de uma doente com o diagnóstico inaugural e ACG,que se apresentou com isquemia crítica bilateral e simultânea. Este quadro clínico exigiu a realização de um procedimento de revascularização raro.

Correlación entre los resultados de valoración funcional y de fuerza de la rodilla en pacientes con rotura del ligamento cruzado anterior

Programa de doctorado: Avances en Traumatología. Medicina del Deporte. Cuidado de Heridas. La fecha de publicación es la fecha de lectura

Intolérence à l'effort en hypertension artérielle pulmonaire : Implication des déterminants périphériques

L’hypertension artérielle pulmonaire (HTAP) est une maladie caractérisée par l’augmentation progressive des résistances vasculaires pulmonaires causant une augmentation de la pression artérielle pulmonaire qui mène au décès prématuré des patients. Malgré une amélioration rapide ces dernières années des traitements spécifiques, les patients souffrant d’HTAP demeurent dyspnéiques et intolérants à l’effort. L’atteinte vasculaire pulmonaire est actuellement irréversible. Elle est également la source de plusieurs anomalies au niveau des systèmes cardiovasculaires, ventilatoires et musculaires constituant les principaux déterminants physiologiques de la capacité à l’effort des patients. Cette thèse a investigué différentes facettes de la tolérance à l’effort en HTAP : les différents mécanismes ayant un impact sur l’apport musculaire en oxygène, l’altération des voies de signalisation cellulaire impliquées dans l’angiogenèse musculaire et les mécanismes ayant un impact sur la régulation du débit sanguin et l’oxygénation cérébrale en HTAP. Nous avons premièrement documenté une diminution de l’apport en oxygène aux muscles squelettiques à l’effort des patients en relation avec une diminution de la densité capillaire musculaire. Ce défaut d’angiogenèse corrélait d’ailleurs avec la capacité à l’effort des sujets. Par la suite, nous avons étudié les voies de signalisations cellulaires de l’angiogenèse musculaire. Ces résultats ont permis de démontrer une diminution de l’expression de miR-126, unique aux patients HTAP, qui était responsable de la diminution de la densité capillaire et qui contribuait à leur intolérance à l’effort. De plus, il était possible de moduler in vivo l’expression de miR-126. L’expérimentation in vivo, à l’aide d’un modèle murin d’HTAP, a permis de rétablir l’expression de miR-126, d’augmenter la microcirculation musculaire et d’améliorer la tolérance à l’effort des animaux, ce qui met en lumière le potentiel thérapeutique de l’angiogenèse musculaire pour améliorer la capacité à l’effort en HTAP. Notre dernier projet a démontré que les patients HTAP présentaient une diminution de débit sanguin cérébral. Ce projet a également démontré que les changements de pression artérielle sont moins bien amortis par les vaisseaux cérébraux des patients et que leurs vaisseaux cérébraux étaient moins réactifs aux changements de CO2. Les patients présentaient aussi une augmentation de la sensibilité des chémorécepteurs centraux qui contribuait à augmenter leur ventilation au repos, mais aussi à l’exercice. Finalement, à l’effort, nous avons démontré que le débit sanguin cérébral des patients HTAP était principalement influencé par la pression artérielle alors que chez les sujets sains, le débit sanguin cérébral était influencé principalement par la PETCO2. Nous avons également démontré que les patients HTAP présentaient une diminution progressive de leur oxygénation cérébrale, qui corrélait avec leur capacité à l’effort. Les résultats obtenus au cours de ce doctorat démontrent bien que la capacité à l’effort en HTAP est aussi déterminée par plusieurs anomalies physiopathologiques périphériques.

Identificación de oportunidades de mejora tecnológica enfocada en la seguridad vial en una carretera

Las carreteras colombianas, en general, presentan algunos sectores con un riesgo de accidentalidad alto los cuales pueden ser producto de factores propios que presenta la vía, es posible mencionar la superficie de rodadura que tenga la vía en su actualidad, la geometría que pueda presentar en segmentos rectos o curvas, las estructuras de contención, las obras de arte, los taludes cercanos, los terraplenes, objetos fijos como rocas o árboles y de igual manera existen algunos agentes externos diferentes a la vía que también pueden representar un potencial riesgo en la carretera como son las condiciones climatológicas, las decisiones de tipo político-administrativo, las condiciones y pericias del conductor, los problemas de salud, las condiciones del vehículo, entre muchas otras; todo esto se le es evaluado a la infraestructura existente en el momento que se presenta algún accidente de tránsito, para que permita determinar las posibles causas de cómo puedo pasar. El presente trabajo busca realizar unas recomendaciones a través de una metodología externa que se ha sido aplicada a nivel mundial en las carreteras principales de diferentes países, de este modo poder identificar estos factores y así proponer posibles soluciones que permitan mejorar las condiciones actuales de la carretera y de este modo mejorar la seguridad de quien la está usando.

Long-term outcomes following “presumed” total parathyroidectomy for secondary hyperparathyroidism of chronic kidney disease

Aim. The most efficacious surgical treatment for renal hyperparathyroidism is still subject of research. Considering its low incidence rate of long-term relapse, “presumed” total parathyroidectomy without autotrasplantation (TP) may be indicated for secondary hyperparathyroidism (2HPT) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), not eligible for kidney transplantation. The aim of this study was to analyse the TP long-term results in 2HPT haemodialysis (HD) patients. Method. Between January 2004 and October 2009, 25 2HPT HD patients, not eligible for kidney transplantation, underwent TP of at least four parathyroid glands. Clinical status and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) serum levels were assessed intraoperatively and during a 36-month follow-up. Results. TP improved the typical clinical symptoms and a significant reduction of iPTH serum levels was achieved in each patient. Aparathyroidism was never observed; in case of severe postoperative hypocalcemia, hypocalcemic seizures were never reported and the long-term recurrence rate was 8%. Only one patient received a kidney transplantation. Postoperative cardiovascular events (hypertension, peripheral artery disease, arrhythmia, coronary or cerebrovascular disease) were observed in 32% of cases and mortality rate was 16%. Conclusions. Considering its low long-term relapse rate and the absence of postoperative aparathyroidism, TP may still be considered the treatment of choice in patients with aggressive forms of 2HPT or of advanced dialytic vintage, with no access to renal transplantation. In case of postoperative hypoparathyroidism, hypocalcaemia can be effectively managed by medical treatment.

O cuidado de enfermagem à criança e ao adolescente vítima de queimaduras: implicações para a prática da enfermagem

Objetivou-se conhecer as implicações do cuidado à criança e ao adolescente vítimas de queimaduras para a prática da enfermagem. Realizou-se uma pesquisa descritiva e exploratória com abordagem qualitativa. Participaram dez profissionais da equipe de enfermagem de um Centro de Referência a Pacientes Queimados do sul do Brasil. Os dados foram coletados no segundo semestre de 2012 por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas e analisados pela técnica de Análise de Conteúdo. Em relação aos sentimentos frente ao cuidado verificou-se que esses vivenciam ansiedade e tensão frente à dor do paciente, têm a sensação de doação querendo “fazer mais”, tristeza e abalo, sensação de utilidade e de competência ao ver os efeitos do cuidado, impotência por não terem controle sobre a situação vivenciada, revolta e raiva por não compreenderem o porquê este acidente aconteceu e pena dos pacientes e de seus familiares devido o seu sofrimento. Como facilidades para o cuidado referiram a ajuda mútua entre os membros da equipe aliada ao tempo de atuação no setor, o desenvolvimento de um bom relacionamento com a família da criança / adolescente, a sinceridade da criança ao manifestar seus sentimentos, uma identificação e afinidade maior para cuidar crianças e adolescentes e o adolescente ser mais aberto e entender com facilidade a linguagem utilizada no setor. Referiram como dificuldades à falta de preparo e a pouca habilidade para cuidar de crianças/ adolescentes com dor, o desconhecimento acerca do paciente, a falta de habilidades técnicas para realizar procedimentos em crianças/ adolescentes, lidar com o familiar, lidar com a necessidade de manipular o corpo do adolescente, comunicar-se com crianças que não sabem expressar-se, pacientes que não falam o português e adolescentes que possuem linguagem própria, explicar para o paciente a magnitude do trauma sofrido e conversar com esses acerca das sequelas, deformidades e limitações com as quais terão que (con)viver. Quanto às estratégias para se instrumentalizar para o cuidado utilizam a leitura sobre queimaduras e curativos, leituras de materiais de outras áreas da saúde, uso de técnicas de abordagem e interação com pacientes e familiares, a prática diária no setor e a busca de apoio na equipe e na instituição, realizando atividades de educação continuada. Quanto às estratégias utilizadas para cuidar referiram o estabelecimento de vínculo e de uma relação dialógica, o uso de brincadeiras e atividades lúdicas, o fornecimento de apoio, a introdução da família no processo de cuidado, o uso da criatividade, a valorização do aspecto psicológico do paciente, a adaptação do cuidado de acordo com a faixa etária do paciente e o uso da escuta atenta e sensível. A partir dos dados concluiu-se que o cuidado de enfermagem a crianças e adolescentes vítimas de queimaduras é complexo bem como causador de impacto para os profissionais atuantes em Centros de Queimados. Acredita-se que o estudo possibilitará discutir e refletir acerca da prática profissional da enfermagem no Centro de Queimados frente ao cuidado à criança e ao Adolescente vítima de queimaduras.

Dickkopf1 (DKK1), metabolismo óseo y enfermedad ateroesclerótica en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2

Objetivos: La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) se asocia a un incremento del riesgo de fracturas y de enfermedades cardiovasculares. Los objetivos de nuestro estudio fueron evaluar los niveles séricos de Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) en una cohorte de pacientes con DM2 y analizar su relación con el metabolismo óseo y la enfermedad ateroesclerótica (EA). Pacientes y métodos: Se estudiaron 126 sujetos: 72 pacientes con DM2 (edad media de 58,2±6 años) y 54 sujetos no diabéticos (edad media de 55,4±7 años). Se midió DKK1 mediante ensayo de inmunoabsorción ligado a enzimas (ELISA, Biomedica Gruppe), se determinó la densidad mineral ósea (DMO) mediante absorciometría dual de rayos X (DXA), se registró la presencia de EA (enfermedad cerebrovascular, enfermedad arterial periférica, cardiopatía isquémica) y se evaluó el grosor de la íntima-media (GIM, ultrasonografía doppler) y la calcificación aórtica (radiología simple). Resultados: No se encontraron diferencias significativas en DKK1 entre diabéticos y no diabéticos. Las concentraciones séricas de DKK1 fueron significativamente mayores en las mujeres de la muestra total (24,3±15,2 vs. 19,6±10,2 pmol/L, p=0,046) y del grupo DM2 (27,5±17,2 vs. 19,8±8,9 pmol/L, p=0,025). Hubo una correlación positiva entre DKK1 y DMO lumbar en la muestra total (r=0,183, p=0,048). Sin embargo, no se encontraron diferencias en función del diagnóstico de osteoporosis o presencia de fracturas vertebrales morfométricas. Los valores de DKK1 fueron significativamente mayores en los pacientes con DM2 y EA (26,4±14,5 pmol/L vs. 19,1±11,6 pmol/L, p=0,026) y también en pacientes con GIM anormal (26,4±15,1 pmol/L vs. 19,8±11,3 pmol/L, p=0,038). En el análisis de la curva ROC para evaluar la utilidad de DKK1 como un marcador de alto riesgo de EA, el área bajo la curva fue de 0,667 (intervalo de confianza -IC- del 95%: 0,538-0,795; p=0,016). Una concentración de 17,3 pmol/L o superior mostró una sensibilidad del 71,4% y una especificidad del 60% para identificar un mayor riesgo de EA. Conclusiones: Los niveles circulantes DKK1 son más altos en los diabéticos con EA y se asocian con un GIM patológico. Por tanto, consideramos que DKK1 puede estar implicado en la enfermedad vascular de los pacientes con DM2.