943 resultados para TE and TM modes


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"November 1944."

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"August 1956."

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v.I. Introduction. Alcohols, neutral alcoholic derivatives, sugars, starch and its isomers, vegetable acids, etc. 2d ed., rev. & enl.--v.II. Fixed oils, fats, waxes, glycerol, nitroglycerin and nitroglycerin explosives. Hydrocarbons, petroleum and coal-tar products, asphalt, phenols and creosotes. 2d ed., rev. & enl.--v. III, pt.I. Acid derivatives of phenols, aromatic acids, resins, and essential oils. Tannins, dyes, and colouring matters, writing inks. 2d ed., rev. & enl.--v. III, pt.II. Amines and ammonium bases, hydrarzines, bases from tar, vegetable alkaloids. 2d ed., rev. and enl. [1892] --v.III, pt.III. Vegetable alkaloids (concluded), non-basic vegetable bitter principles, animal bases, animal acids, cyanogen and its derivatives. 2d ed., rev. & enl. [1896]--v.IV. Proteids and albuminous principles, proteoïds or albuminoïds. 2d ed., rev. & enl. 1898.

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Purpose: Persistent infection of cervical epithelium with high risk human papillomavirus (HPV) results in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) from which squamous cancer of the cervix can arise. A study was undertaken to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of an HPV 16 immunotherapeutic consisting of a mixture of HPV16 E6E7 fusion protein and ISCOMATRIX(TM) adjuvant (HPV16 Immunotherapeutic) for patients with CIN. Experimental design: Patients with CIN (n = 3 1) were recruited to a randomised blinded placebo controlled dose ranging study of immunotherapy. Results: Immunotherapy was well tolerated. Immunised subjects developed HPV16 E6E7 specific immunity. Antibody, delayed type hypersensitivity, in vitro cytokine release, and CD8 T cell responses to E6 and E7 proteins were each significantly greater in the immunised subjects than in placebo recipients. Loss of HPV16 DNA from the cervix was observed in some vaccine and placebo recipients. Conclusions : The HPV16 Immunotherapeutic comprising HPV16E6E7 fusion protein and ISCOMATRIX(TM) adjuvant is safe and induces vaccine antigen specific cell mediated immunity. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Burn sepsis is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in patients with major burns. The use of topical anti-microbial agents has helped improve the survival in these patients. There are a number of anti-microbials available, one of which, Silvazine(TM) (1% silver sulphadiazine (SSD) and 0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate), is used only in Australasia. No study, in vitro or clinical, had compared Silvazine(TM) with the new dressing Acticoat(TM). This study compared the anti-microbial activity of Silvazine(TM), Acticoa(TM) and 1% silver sulphadiazine (Flamazine(TM)) against eight common burn wound pathogens. Methods: Each organism was prepared as a suspension. A 10 mul inoculum of the chosen bacterial isolate (representing approximately between 104 and 105 total bacteria) was added to each of four vials, followed by samples of each dressing and a control. The broths were then incubated and 10 mul loops removed at specified intervals and transferred onto Horse Blood Agar. These plates were then incubated for 18 hours and a colony count was performed. Results: The data demonstrates that the combination of 1% SSD and 0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate (Silvazine(TM)) results in the most effective killing of all bacteria. SSD and Acticoat(TM) had similar efficacies against a number of isolates, but Acticoat(TM) seemed only bacteriostatic against E. faecalis and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Viable quantities of Enterobacter cloacae and Proteus mirabilis rei named at 24 h. Conclusion: The combination of 1% SSD and 0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate (Silvazine(TM)) is a more effective anti-microbial against a number of burn wound pathogens in this in vitro study. A clinical study of its in vivo anti-microbial efficacy is required. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd and ISBI. All rights reserved.

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How does a firm choose a proper model of foreign direct investment (FDI) for entering a foreign market? Which mode of entry performs better? What are the performance implications of joint venture (JV) ownership structure? These important questions face a multinational enterprise (MNE) that decides to enter a foreign market. However, few studies have been conducted on such issues, and no consistent or conclusive findings are generated, especially with respect to China. It’s composed of five chapters, providing corresponding answers to the questions given above. Specifically, Chapter One is an overall introductory chapter. Chapter Two is about the choice of entry mode of FDI in China. Chapter Three examines the relationship between four main entry modes and performance. Chapter Four explores the performance implications of JV ownership structure. Chapter Five is an overall concluding chapter. These empirical studies are based on the most recent and richest data that has never been explored in previous studies. It contains information on 11,765 foreign-invested enterprises in China in seven manufacturing industries in 2000, 10,757 in 1999, and 10,666 in 1998. The four FDI entry modes examined include wholly-owned enterprises (WOEs), equity joint ventures (EJVs), contractual joint ventures (CJVs), and joint stock companies (JSCs). In Chapter Two, a multinominal logit model is established, and techniques of multiple linear regression analysis are employed in Chapter Three and Four. It was found that MNEs, under the conditions of a good investment environment, large capital commitment and small cultural distance, prefer the WOE strategy. If these conditions are not met, the EJV mode would be of greater use. The relative propensity to pursue the CJV mode increases with a good investment environment, small capital commitment, and small cultural distance. JSCs are not favoured by MNEs when the investment environment improves and when affiliates are located in the coastal areas. MNEs have been found to have a greater preference for an EJV as a mode of entry into the Chinese market in all industries. It is also found that in terms of return on assets (ROA) and asset turnover, WOEs perform the best, followed by EJVs, CJVs, and JSCs. Finally, minority-owned EJVs or JSCs are found to outperform their majority-owned counterparts in terms of ROA and asset turnover.

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DUE TO COPYRIGHT RESTRICTIONS ONLY AVAILABLE FOR CONSULTATION AT ASTON UNIVERSITY LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SERVICES WITH PRIOR ARRANGEMENT

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This thesis proposes that despite many experimental studies of thinking, and the development of models of thinking, such as Bruner's (1966) enactive, iconic and symbolic developmental modes, the imagery and inner verbal strategies used by children need further investigation to establish a coherent, theoretical basis from which to create experimental curricula for direct improvement of those strategies. Five hundred and twenty-three first, second and third year comprehensive school children were tested on 'recall' imagery, using a modified Betts Imagery Test; and a test of dual-coding processes (Paivio, 1971, p.179), by the P/W Visual/Verbal Questionnaire, measuring 'applied imagery' and inner verbalising. Three lines of investigation were pursued: 1. An investigation a. of hypothetical representational strategy differences between boys and girls; and b. the extent to which strategies change with increasing age. 2. The second and third year children's use of representational processes, were taken separately and compared with performance measures of perception, field independence, creativity, self-sufficiency and self-concept. 3. The second and third year children were categorised into four dual-coding strategy groups: a. High Visual/High Verbal b. Low Visual/High Verbal c. High Visual/Low Verbal d. Low Visual/Low Verbal These groups were compared on the same performance measures. The main result indicates that: 1. A hierarchy of dual-coding strategy use can be identified that is significantly related (.01, Binomial Test) to success or failure in the performance measures: the High Visual/High Verbal group registering the highest scores, the Low Visual/High Verbal and High Visual/Low Verbal groups registering intermediate scores, and the Low Visual/Low Verbal group registering the lowest scores on the performance measures. Subsidiary results indicate that: 2. Boys' use of visual strategies declines, and of verbal strategies increases, with age; girls' recall imagery strategy increases with age. Educational implications from the main result are discussed, the establishment of experimental curricula proposed, and further research suggested.

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Multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) confers drug resistance and also mediates cellular efflux of many organic anions. MRP1 also transports glutathione (GSH); furthermore, this tripeptide stimulates transport of several substrates, including estrone 3-sulfate. We have previously shown that mutations of Lys(332) in transmembrane helix (TM) 6 and Trp(1246) in TM17 cause different substrate-selective losses in MRP1 transport activity. Here we have extended our characterization of mutants K332L and W1246C to further define the different roles these two residues play in determining the substrate and inhibitor specificity of MRP1. Thus, we have shown that TM17-Trp(1246) is crucial for conferring drug resistance and for binding and transport of methotrexate, estradiol glucuronide, and estrone 3-sulfate, as well as for binding of the tricyclic isoxazole inhibitor N-[3-(9-chloro-3-methyl-4-oxo-4H-isoxazolo-[4,3-c]quinolin-5-yl)-cyclohexylmethyl]-benzamide (LY465803). In contrast, TM6-Lys(332) is important for enabling GSH and GSH-containing compounds to serve as substrates (e.g., leukotriene C(4)) or modulators (e.g., S-decyl-GSH, GSH disulfide) of MRP1 and, further, for enabling GSH (or S-methyl-GSH) to enhance the transport of estrone 3-sulfate and increase the inhibitory potency of LY465803. On the other hand, both mutants are as sensitive as wild-type MRP1 to the non-GSH-containing inhibitors (E)-3-[[[3-[2-(7-chloro-2-quinolinyl)ethenyl]phenyl][[3-(dimethylamino)-3-oxopropyl]thio]methyl]thio]-propanoic acid (MK571), 1-[2-hydroxy-3-propyl-4-[4-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)butoxy]phenyl]-ethanone (LY171883), and highly potent 6-[4'-carboxyphenylthio]-5[S]-hydroxy-7[E], 11[Z]14[Z]-eicosatetrenoic acid (BAY u9773). Finally, the differing abilities of the cysteinyl leukotriene derivatives leukotriene C(4), D(4), and F(4) to inhibit estradiol glucuronide transport by wild-type and K332L mutant MRP1 provide further evidence that TM6-Lys(332) is involved in the recognition of the gamma-Glu portion of substrates and modulators containing GSH or GSH-like moieties.