Prevalência e fatores associados à síndrome da fragilidade em idosos: inquérito populacional em Campina Grande-PB

The frailty syndrome is a geriatric medical condition of vulnerability resulting in the decline of physiological reserves, characterized by high-risk consequences as falls, disability, hospitalization, institutionalization and death. Although the presence of comorbidities is not always accompanied by fragility, this presence could also indicate an increased risk of adverse health events, taking the elderly to a greater likelihood of becoming brittle due to the physical limitations that may occur with emergence of diseases, which are strongly predictive of Fragility Syndrome. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of frailty syndrome in the elderly and associated factors. The specific objectives were to identify the prevalence of frailty syndrome in the elderly and their associations with demographic, economic, health, functional and psychological; identify the reasons for the prevalence of frailty syndrome with the demographic profile, health problems, use of legal drugs and problems with sleep of older people. The study was cross-sectional and composed of 385 elderly aged 65 or more. Multivariate Poisson regression models were used to check conditions associated with fragility and determine the prevalence ratio (α = 0.05). The prevalence of fragility was 8.7% and pre-fragility of 50.4%. Fragile and pre-frail elderly presented, bigger and increasing prevalence ratio for marital status, difficulty in performing instrumental activities of daily living, old age, involuntary loss of stool, depression and negative affect. Elderly people who do not work have a higher prevalence of fragility, as well as those who reported having had a stroke / stroke / ischemia, those who suffered falls in the last 12 months and those with sleep problems. It is considered that the results, together with other available in the literature, can contribute to the understanding of the fragility epidemiology and also in the implementation of specific programs aimed at reducing the prevalence of frailty, optimizing the quality of life. It is suggested that future programs have special attention to the profiles of elderly people who have not yet developed fragility, i.e., pre-fragile. This could prevent the elderly from becoming frail.

Avaliação da genotoxicidade em mulheres com síndrome dos ovários policísticos: impacto da dieta

Introduction: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), present in 6-12% of women of reproductive age, the criterion of Rotterdam, is characterized by hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance (IR) and its inflammatory state, exacerbated by obesity and factors associated with the increase in damage DNA. Weight loss, combined with healthy eating, acts restoring the reproductive and metabolic functions in the SOP, though its influence in reducing DNA damage in PCOS are unknown. Aim: To investigate whether there are differences between DNA damage markers and factors of cardiometabolic risk in women with PCOS and control, and evaluate the effectiveness of nutritional intervention in DNA damage markers and cardiometabolic risk markers in overweight and obese women with PCOS. Methods: the study was conducted in two studies and the participants were aged between 18 and 35 years. In the first study, a prospective case-control, were included 27 women diagnosed with PCOS and 20 controls. In the second study, clinical trial of nutritional intervention with 12-week calorie-restricted diet 500Kcal / day. The genotoxicity, DNA damage (intensity tail, tail moment and tail length) was evaluated by the comet assay. Anthropometric data, dietary intake, hormonal, biochemical and inflammatory were evaluated in different studies. Results: there was no significant difference between the DNA damage marker tail intensity (p = 0.18), tail moment (p = 0.76) and tail length (p = 0.109) in PCOS when compared to the control group. Data after nutritional intervention in PCOS women with overweight and obesity showed a decrease in DNA damage markers: tail intensity (24.35 ± 5.86 - pre-diet vs. 17.15 ± 5.04 -Post-diet) and tail moment (20.47 ± 7.85 - pre-diet vs. 14.13 ± 6.29 -post-diet) (p <0.001). Reduction of weight (3.5%) and decreased cardiometabolic markers IR and hyperandrogenism. Conclusion: women with PCOS have a worse cardiometabolic risk profile compared to control however similar genotoxicity identified by DNA damage. Nutritional intervention reduced the genotoxicity of overweight and obese women with PCOS, and reduce the factors of cardiometabolic risk.

Intervenção mediacional e hábitos alimentares: um estudo de crianças com síndrome de Down

The inadequacy about eating habits have been established as a serious problem nowadays. It is a multifactorial and difficult to handle, given their different nuances and causes. A population particularly exposed to the bad eating habits arising harm are individuals with Down syndrome, both with regard to the aspects inherent to the individual's own condition, regarding eating misfits, making it the weight control a necessary measure for a proper development. Thus, this study aimed to develop and evaluate a proposal based nutrition education from the assumptions of mediated learning, with children three to four years with Down syndrome. The participants were five children, four girls and a boy. Also included his parents and / or guardians. The data collection procedure involved the use of eight playful workshops with children and nutritional evaluation of those five meetings with parents and three home visits with each participating family. We tried to build with these children and their families a nutritional education to contribute to their daily choices of eating. Using listening, observation and questionnaire, besides playful interventions, it was observed that the first meaning of the act of eating is built in the family and reinforced by their social life. Overall, our sample characteristics seem to agree with the literature. During the intervention, the children showed attention, but little understanding of the content. With mothers, the results were different, with reflections on the inadequate power both the type of food offered, and quantity and so this offer is performed, conducted along the interventions changes in your lifestyle, such as perception of influence they had on their children in the formation of their eating habits, as well as less frequent intake of soft drinks and sweets. Nutritional interventions and mediations conducted with the mothers is that they seem to be effective strategies to combat obesity. Face of what was discussed, we see the importance of implementing intervention measures in combating and preventing overweight or obese since childhood, particularly with children with Down syndrome. One should prevent childhood obesity with educational and informative measures from birth, with family and with each child, through the primary health care and schools.

Síndrome dos Ovários Policísticos: diagnóstico, tratamento e repercussões ao longo da vida

A síndrome dos ovários policísticos (SOP) é uma endocrinopatia comum em mulheres na idade reprodutiva. Caracteriza-se por hiperandrogenismo, disfunção ovulatória e infertilidade. Está associada a reconhecidos fatores de risco cardiovascular: obesidade, resistência à insulina, dislipidemias, hipertensão arterial, síndrome metabólica,risco aumentado para intolerância à glicose e diabetes mellitus tipo 2 em idade mais precoce que o habitual. Embora mulheres com SOP apresentem perfil de risco cardiovascular adverso, os estudos são limitados em confirmar a associação entre SOP e mortalidade por evento cardiovascular. Devido à ampla variabilidade clínica, o diagnóstico de SOP nem sempre é fácil. De acordo com o Consenso de Rotterdam, os critérios para diagnóstico de SOP incluem pelo menos dois dos seguintes critérios: amenoreia e/ou oligomenorreia, sinais clínicos e/ou bioquímicos de hiperandrogenismo e/ou ovário policístico à ultrassonografia; com exclusão de outras etiologias que apresentam manifestações clínicas semelhantes. O tratamento de SOP é sintomático e direcionado de acordo com a manifestação clínica, o desejo de contracepção ou gestação e a presença de distúrbios metabólicos associados. As pacientes com SOP devem ser informadas que esta é uma enfermidade crônica, com tratamento e seguimento por longo prazo.

Condicionantes nutricionales que influyen sobre los factores de riesgo de síndrome metabólico en niños de la Comunidad de Madrid

El Síndrome Metabólico (SM) es un conjunto de factores de riesgo asociados con el incremento del riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular y diabetes mellitus de tipo 2 (DM2). Dichos factores son obesidad (OB), resistencia a la Insulina (RI), hiperglucemia, dislipidemia e hipertensión (HTA) e interactúan entre sí sobre las anomalías vasculares, el estrés oxidativo, la grasa visceral, la inflamación y el cortisol en un entorno de OB y RI y bajo la influencia de las predisposiciones genéticas y condiciones ambientales, tales como hábitos de alimentación y actividad física. Según una hipótesis, la RI y la OB son los factores que más contribuyen en la manifestación de anormalidades metabólicas y las manifestaciones más tempranas del desarrollo de SM en niños. Mientras el páncreas compensa adecuadamente la RI mediante una mayor secreción de insulina, las concentraciones de glucosa en sangre se mantienen normales. Sin embargo, en algunos pacientes la capacidad de las células β del páncreas disminuye con el tiempo, lo que conduce al desarrollo de DM2. Otro factor a tener en cuenta en el diagnóstico del SM es la dislipidemia, caracterizada por el aumento de los triglicéridos (TG) y del VLDL‐colesterol, bajas cifras de HDL‐colesterol, así como por la presencia de partículas de LDL‐colesterol más pequeñas y densas de lo normal. Otro factor de riesgo de padecimiento de SM es la presión arterial elevada, que suele aparecer ligada a la presencia de OB, ya que el aumento de algunas adipoquinas que en esta se produce, entre las que se encuentran el AGE, PAI‐1, IL‐6, TNF‐α y leptina, pueden llevar a disfunción endotelial a través de la ruta del óxido nítrico. Debido a que el sobrepeso y el incremento de los valores de insulina plasmática son componentes clave del SM, es importante tener en cuenta los hábitos alimentarios y otros estilos de vida que influyen en los mismos...

Análisis virológico y epidemiológico del síndrome de despoblamiento de las colmenas en España: estudio de causas y consecuencias

La abeja de la miel Apis mellifera es la principal especie polinizadora empleada por el hombre para aumentar la productividad de los cultivos, y además desempeña una importante función en el mantenimiento de la biodiversidad en todo el mundo. En las últimas décadas, se ha apreciado un incremento de la mortalidad de las colonias de abejas en numerosas regiones, lo que ha llevado a generar una gran alarma debido a sus potenciales repercusiones económicas y medioambientales. Este fenómeno, caracterizado por no tener una causa conocida, se ha clasificado principalemente en “Síndrome de Despoblamiento de las Colmenas” (SDC), cuando presenta una sintomatología concreta de despoblamiento de abejas adultas, o simplemente “mortalidad invernal”, cuando las colmenas no superan el invierno por causas no identificadas. Estas pérdidas se han observado también en España, el país con mayor censo de colmenas de la Unión Europea e importante productor de miel. Esta situación ha generado la necesidad de estudiar las causas de tales pérdidas. Actualmente se considera que no existe una causa única que explique esta mortalidad sino que, por el contrario, se trata de un fenómeno en el que la interacción de varios factores afecta a las colonias. Entre estos factores considerados ‘de riesgo’ destacan la mala nutrición y la escasez de recursos, la climatología adversa y el cambio climático, la exposición a pesticidas neonicotinoides empleados en los cultivos donde pecorean las abejas, la presencia de depredadores naturales y especies invasoras y la acción de los patógenos presentes en las colmenas. Entre los patógenos que pueden afectar a la abejas, destacan los virus porque a pesar de conocerse su amplia distribución y prevalencia en las colmenas y haber sido asociados con eventos de mortalidad de colonias de abejas, aún son muchos los interrogantes sobre su patogenia, cómo se ven afectados por otros factores y cómo son capaces de alterar el equilibrio con el hospedador produciendo estados patológicos...

Incidencia de eventos cardiovasculares en pacientes diagnósticados de síndrome de apnea del sueño. Factores de riesgo e impacto del tratamiento

OSAS is an increasingly common disease in general population. In Spain, the prevalence is estimated of being around 20%. This is an important public health problem, both due to the use of health resources involved and the consequences on the quality of life of the patients. Its main risk factor is obesity, a disease whose prevalence is increasing, which consequently will also cause a long term increase in the number of OSAS diagnosis. On the other hand, cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in Spain and also pose high health care costs. Therefore, the union of OSA and cardiovascular disease cause a high consumption of health resources and generates a large number of comorbidities and increased mortality rates. It is because of this that the early diagnosis and treatment are of great importance. Treatment with CPAP in these patients is very effective and reduces the number of cardiovascular complications...

Revisión sistemática y metanálisis del rendimiento diagnóstico de los hallazgos ecográficos componentes del sonograma genético realizado en el segundo trimestre de gestación para la detección de Síndrome de Down

El impacto que tienen los defectos congénitos sobre la salud de las personas afectadas, sus familias y sobre la sociedad en su conjunto es muy considerable. En España se estima que existe una prevalencia de anomalías cromosómicas hasta 2010 de 1,49% de los recién nacidos vivos. El Síndrome de Down (SD) es la tercera causa de defecto congénito y la primera de cromosomopatía, con una prevalencia de 23 por cada 10000 nacidos vivos. La importante morbilidad asociada en los individuos con síndrome de Down se acompaña de un alto coste económico, estimándose en 329750,63 euros por cada nuevo caso, constituyendo un cargo a lo largo de la vida de 1316 millones de euros. Por todo ello, la detección de esta alteración es la indicación más frecuente de diagnóstico prenatal invasivo. Las pruebas invasivas, como amniocentesis, biopsia de vellosidades coriales y cordocentesis, se asocian con un aumento del 1% del riesgo de aborto y, por tanto, sólo se realizan cuando se considera que hay una probabilidad elevada de que el feto tenga un defecto cromosómico, siendo por tanto fundamental una buena selección del grupo de gestantes de alto riesgo...

Prevalência da síndrome metabólica em receptores de transplante renal de acordo com o gênero e tempo pós-transplante /

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is defined as a set of cardiovascular risk factors including obesity, systemic high blood pressure (SHBP), changes in glucose metabolism and dyslipidemia. The prevalence of MS in renal transplant recipients (RTR) ranges from 15% to 65%, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and reducing renal allograft survival in the long term. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence and frequency of MS in renal transplant patients according to gender and time of transplantation and to evaluate renal function in patients with and without MS. Patients and Methods: Crosssectional study conducted from August 2012 to September 2013 involving 153 renal transplant recipients. MS was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III). The sample was divided into two groups: patients with metabolic syndrome (WMS patients) and patients without metabolic syndrome (WoMS patients) and according to gender. The WMS patients were stratified into quartiles according to the renal transplantation period (RTP), and variables related to MS were analyzed for both sexes. Results: MS was diagnosed in 58.1% of the studied population, specifically in MS was found 58.4% of men and 41.6% of women (P ˂ 0.05). The male and female with MS were 48.8 ± 11.6 years old vs. 47.1 ± 12.7 years old and the time of post transplantation was 76.1 ± 76.5 months vs. 84.7 ± 65.4 months, respectively (P >0,05). When we compared the sexes in the WMS group, systolic blood pressure (SBP) was higher in men (137.0 ± 18.1 vs. 128.9 ± 13.6 mmHg, P= 0.029), while the other components of MS did not exhibit significant differences. With respect to renal function, when we compared the sexes in the WMS group, the serum creatinine (sCr) was higher in men (1.73 ± 0.69 vs. 1.31 ± 0.47 mg/dL, P= 0.0012), while the urinary protein/creatinine ratio was higher in women (0.48 ± 0.69 vs. 0.37 ± 0.48 mg/dL, P=0.0150). We found no significant difference in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) between WMS and WoMS patients for women and men (50.6 ± 19.1 vs. 50.1 ± 18.3 mL/min/1.73 m², P=0.909). We found a significant positive association between eGFR and HDL-c levels (r=0.3371; P=0.0145) for WMS men. The MS components showed no significant differences in RTP for different interquartile ranges, except for diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in women, where there was a significant variation among the quartiles evaluated (P=0.0009). Conclusion: the prevalence of MS was similar in the different quartiles in both sexes, in relation to time post TX. There was no significant difference in eGFR in patients WMS and WoMS, in both sexes. Concluding that the MS did not vary in relation to time post transplant.

Caraterísticas miofuncionais orofaciais de indivíduos a envelhecer e com Síndrome da Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono (SAOS): adaptação de um protocolo de avaliação

Introdução: Existem caraterísticas miofuncionais orofaciais inerentes à Síndrome da Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono (SAOS), doença gradualmente mais prevalente no decorrer do envelhecimento. É essencial um instrumento para avaliação pormenorizada destas caraterísticas. Objetivos: Realizar a adaptação para o Português Europeu do Protocolo de Avaliação Miofuncional Orofacial MBGR - adaptado para AOS e Ronco; Realizar a validação cultural da adaptação realizada; Identificar as caraterísticas miofuncionais orofaciais de um grupo de indivíduos com SAOS. Metodologias: A adaptação do protocolo referido para o Português Europeu e respetiva validação cultural, foi realizada por peritas em Motricidade Orofacial (MO) e por peritas em Língua Portuguesa tendo o mesmo sido aplicado a 16 indivíduos com SAOS. Resultados: Após a primeira fase da adaptação para o Português Europeu do Protocolo, durante a validação cultural realizada por peritas em MO através de um “Focus Group” houve necessidade de proceder a alterações. Na aplicação aos indivíduos verificou-se que 15 são do sexo masculino. 100% da amostra de indivíduos com SAOS apresentou alterações na postura em repouso da língua e alterações relativas à sua altura e largura, bem como aumento do comprimento do palato e úvula, com alterações significativas nas funções que recrutam a sua contração isométrica. Conclusões: Existem caraterísticas miofuncionais orofaciais prevalentes na SAOS, como a hipotonia e hipofunção da musculatura da língua, palato mole, úvula, lábios e bochechas. O Terapeuta da Fala deve efetuar a avaliação padronizada destas caraterísticas para realizar uma intervenção que vise modificá-las.

Las habilidades sociales de los niños con síndrome de Down, de primer grado del I.R.A.M, en la clase de Educación Física

Esta presentación, tiene la intención de socializar lo producido del Trabajo Final de Grado de la Licenciatura en Educación Física. El objetivo de este trabajo, giró en torno a la comprensión de las habilidades sociales de cinco niños, de primer grado del I.R.A.M (Institución de Rehabilitación al Mogólico) de la ciudad de Córdoba, en el año 2008