Conhecimento da doença renal crônica entre médicos conforme as diretrizes práticas

INTRODUCTION: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health problem, with increasing prevalence in its terminal stage and one of the factors that can contribute is the failure to recognize the disease and its risk factors. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the knowledge of medical residents (MR) and medical preceptors (MP) in hospitals in the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte in Natal-RN - Brazil, on the DRC, based on the policy of the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO ). METHODS: Cross-sectional study where 64 MR (R1 = 32; R2 = 15; R3 = 17) and 63 MP answered a questionnaire divided into seven sessions that addressed aspects of the DRC since the setting up referral to a nephrologist. RESULTS: Only 20 participants (15.7%) reported using any guidelines for the management of CKD. The scores obtained by session were: Definition and classification (46.1 ± 47.8); Risk factors (70.5 ± 27.9); Laboratory evaluation (58.2 ± 8.8); Clinical action plan (57.6 ± 19.9); Reduction in proteinuria (68.3 ± 15.0); Complications (64.8 ± 19.9); Referral to a nephrologist (73.0 ± 44.6). There was a statistically significant difference between the knowledge of MR and MP in the sessions: Laboratory evaluation (MR 61.5 ± 8.4 vs 54.8 ± 7.9 MP; p <0.001); Reduction in proteinuria (73.1 ± 11.4 vs MR MP 63.5 ± 16.7; p <0.001) and Referral to a nephrologist (MR 81.2 ± 39.3 vs 64.5 ± 48.2 MP; p = 0.035). Among the MR, the R2 obtained the best score (63.9 ± 22.6 vs R1 R2 R3 71.9 ± 17.2 vs 63.5 ± 22.5, p = 0.445). It identified a low percentage of success of the doctors on the definition of CKD (MP = 46%; R1 = 40.6%; R2 = 60%; R3 = 52.9%; p = 0.623) and classification (MP = 34.9%; R1 = 53.1%, R2 = 60%; R3 = 52.9%; p = 0.158). CONCLUSION: The study showed that most doctors do not use any guidelines for clinical management of CKD and that there are gaps in knowledge on the subject, even among physicians who work in the university environment. In this sense, we propose the realization of mini-workshops for participants and students from boarding UFRN, using Case-Based Learning Strategy (CBL), with small group discussion, to strengthen the incorporation of CKD guidelines in undergraduate teaching and in clinical medical practice in general.

Reabilitação cardíaca na insuficiência cardíaca crônica: efeitos de 12 semanas de treinamento intervalado x contínuo na função cardiopulmonar e qualidade de vida

Background: Cardiac Rehabilitation (CR) has effect on mortality in patients with heart failure (HF) chronic, and the exercise of the treatment of this patient. The most common exercise is ongoing training. Recently we have been studying the effects of interval training, but there is no consensus on the optimal dose of exercise. Objective: To evaluate the effects of interval aerobic training are superior to continuous aerobic training in patients with chronic HF. Methods: The clinical trial evaluated patients through cardiopulmonary test (CPX) and quality of life before and after the RC (3 times / 12 weeks). Patients were randomized into Group Interval Training (GTI - 85% of heart rate reserve - FCR), Continuous Training Group (GTC - 60% of HRR) and control group (CG) who received guidelines. Results: 18 patients were evaluated (mean age 44.7 ± 13.2 years and 35.2 ± 8.9% of left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF]). Both groups were efficient to increase the peak VO2 and 15.1% (P = 0.02) in GTI and 16.1% (P = 0.01) GTC. As for the quality of life the GTI GTC showed improvement compared to the control group (P = 0.006). Hemodynamic mismatch events during the CPX were reduced after training in more GTC (patients 1 to 4) than in the GTI (5 to 3). Cardiac risk also decreased in the GTC (3 patients left the severe risk to take after training). Conclusion: Continuous training becomes more appropriate for improving fitness with little chance of developing cardiac event patients with chronic HF.

Hepatite C crônica em serviço de referência no nordeste do Brasil: um estudo retrospectivo de dezoito anos de acompanhamento

Chronic Hepatitis C is the leading cause of chronic liver disease in advanced final stage of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and of death related to liver disease. Evolves progressively in time 20-30 years. Evolutionary rates vary depending on factors virus, host and behavior. This study evaluated the impact of hepatitis C on the lives of patients treated at a referral service in Hepatology of the University Hospital Onofre Lopes - Liver Study Group - from May 1995 to December 2013. A retrospective evaluation was performed on 10,304 records, in order to build a cohort of patients with hepatitis C, in which all individuals had their diagnosis confirmed by gold standard molecular biological test. Data were obtained directly from patient charts and recorded in an Excel spreadsheet, previously built, following an elaborate encoding with the study variables, which constitute individual data and prognostic factors defined in the literature in the progression of chronic hepatitis C. The Research Ethics Committee approved the project. The results were statistically analyzed with the Chi-square test and Fisher's exact used to verify the association between variable for the multivariate analysis, we used the Binomial Logistic regression method. For both tests, it was assumed significance p < 0.05 and 95%. The results showed that the prevalence of chronic hepatitis C in NEF was 4.96 %. The prevalence of cirrhosis due to hepatitis C was 13.7%. The prevalence of diabetes in patients with Hepatitis C was 8.78 % and diabetes in cirrhotic patients with hepatitis C 38.0 %. The prevalence of HCC was 5.45%. The clinical follow-up discontinuation rates were 67.5 %. The mortality in confirmed cases without cirrhosis was 4.10% and 32.1% in cirrhotic patients. The factors associated with the development of cirrhosis were genotype 1 (p = 0.0015) and bilirubin > 1.3 mg % (p = 0.0017). Factors associated with mortality were age over 35 years, abandon treatment, diabetes, insulin use, AST> 60 IU, ALT> 60 IU, high total bilirubin, extended TAP, INR high, low albumin, treatment withdrawal, cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma. The occurrence of diabetes mellitus increased mortality of patients with hepatitis C in 6 times. Variables associated with the diagnosis of cirrhosis by us were blood donor (odds ratio 0.24, p = 0.044) and professional athlete (odds ratio 0.18, p = 0.35). It is reasonable to consider a revaluation in screening models for CHC currently proposed. The condition of cirrhosis and diabetes modifies the clinical course of patients with chronical hepatitis C, making it a disease more mortality. However, being a blood donor or professional athlete is a protective factor that reduces the risk of cirrhosis, independent of alcohol consumption. Public policies to better efficient access, hosting and resolution are needed for this population.

Situación del riesgo de embolia y de hemorragia según las escalas CHADS₂, CHA₂DS₂-VASc y HAS-BLED en pacientes con diagnóstico de fibrilación auricular crónica, en un centro de salud de Madrid

La fibrilación auricular (FA) es la arritmia sostenida más frecuente en la práctica clínica, consistente en la desorganización total de la actividad eléctrica de la aurícula y ausencia de contracción auricular ordenada. Las últimas guías americanas AHA/ACC/HRS del 2014 definen “fibrilación auricular no valvular” (FANV) como aquella que aparece en ausencia de estenosis mitral reumática, prótesis valvular cardíaca o reparación valvular mitral, que en la FA en la que basamos este trabajo. La prevalencia estimada de fibrilación auricular en el mundo desarrollado es de un 1,5-2%, cuya incidencia aumenta escalonadamente en función de las décadas de la vida, siendo la edad media presentación entre los 75 y los 85 años. En España se estima que la FA afecta a un 8,5% de la población mayor de 60 años, es decir que existen más de 1 millón de personas con FA, de los cuales más de 90.000 se encuentran sin diagnosticar. La FA puede aparecer como consecuencia de una cardiopatía estructural, aunque otras enfermedades extracardíacas también se asocian a la FA, por mecanismos hemodinámicos, como la embolia pulmonar, EPOC, SAOS, o bien por la modulación del SNA, como en el caso del hipertiroidismo. La importancia de la FA radica en su creciente prevalencia, así como por la importante carga de morbilidad y mortalidad que genera. La FA está asociada a una tasa aumentada de muerte, ACV y otros episodios tromboembólicos, insuficiencia cardiaca y hospitalizaciones, pérdida de calidad de vida, deterioro cognitivo, capacidad reducida para el ejercicio y disfunción ventricular izquierda. El riesgo de muerte es el doble que el de la población sin dicha patología. Y el riesgo de ictus es de 3-5 veces mayor...

No marchamos solas, marchamos acompañadas. Crónica de la Segunda Marcha de Mujeres Originarias

Fil: Brown, Giselle. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.

The Devil and Views on the “Other” in Part One of Pedro Cieza de León’s "Crónica del Perú" (1553)

Many 16th century Spanish chroniclers and missionaries, arriving at what they interpreted as a New World, saw the Devil as a “hermeneutic wildcard” that allowed them to comprehend indigenous religions. Pedro Cieza de León, a soldier in the conquest of Peru, is a case in point. Cieza considers the Devil responsible for the most aberrant religious practices and customs of the Indians, although he views the natives in a positive light, as men susceptible to divine salvation. From a providentialist perspective of the history of the conquest, Cieza interprets that the evangelization and conversion of the Indians and the implantation of Christian civilization by the Spanish Crown, were able to defeat the Devil.

Influencia do meloxicam sobre a perda ossea alveolar em periodontite experimental: avaliaçao histometrica em ratos

GURGEL, Bruno Cesar de vasconcelos.Influencia do meloxicam sobre a perda ossea alveolar em periodontite experimental: avaliaçao histometrica em ratos. 2003.97f. Dissertaçao (Mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba. Piracicaba, 2003. Disponivel em: . Acesso em: 04 out. 2010.

Manuel Gutiérrez Nájera y la crónica como género de transición o la confluencia del periodismo y la literatura

[ES]El presente artículo pretende exponer de manera sucinta el trabajo de Manuel Gutiérrez Nájera como cronista: se analizan las bases históricas que sustentan la crónica como discurso literario y periodístico. También se analiza la propuesta teórico-literaria del escritor respectoa este género, bastante concurrido en el siglo XIX.

Perceção da Dor Crónica e Estratégias Adaptativas em Famílias de Doentes Oncológicos

Objetivos: A presente investigação tem como principais objetivos a avaliação da perceção da dor crónica oncológica por parte de doentes e seus familiares, bem como a análise da relação entre a dor crónica percebida e as estratégias de adaptação que as famílias usam para responder à situação de doença e à dor. Metodologia: Este é um estudo descritivo e correlacional, de análise univariada. Na recolha dos dados, utilizámos o Family Crisis Oriented Personal Evaluyation Scales (FCOPES) para verificar a resposta familiar a momentos de crise, o Social Support Questionnaire - Short Form (SSQ6) para avaliar o suporte social percebido e, por fim, a Escala Visual Analógica (Eva) para determinar a dor percebida pelo doente e pela família. Participantes: A amostra é constituída por 32 familiares de doentes com diagnóstico de cancro acompanhados na Consulta da Dor do IPOCFG, EPE. Os familiares da nossa amostra têm em média de 57 anos de idade, 53,1% são do sexo feminino e é composta por 65,6% de cônjuges. Desta amostra, 28 (87,5%) dos familiares assumem o papel de cuidadores principais e 21 (65,6%) habitam o mesmo lar. Resultados: Verificou-se que as famílias possuem uma resposta familiar a momentos de crise na família e um alto nível de perceção das estratégias de coping. Concluiu-se, ainda, que os familiares estão satisfeitos com o suporte social (M=30,84) que lhes é proporcionado. Relativamente à perceção de dor, os resultados sugerem que os familiares cuidadores pontuam valores mais elevados. Conclusões: A investigação revela que os familiares usam estratégias de coping, não sendo estas influenciadas pelo sexo, idade, cuidador, agregado familiar e classificação de dor. Quanto à perceção da dor fica claro que os familiares compreendem e vivenciam a experiência da dor de uma forma muito semelhante à do próprio doente, registando os homens níveis mais elevados de dor percebida quando comparados com os familiares do género feminino. No entanto, foi possível perceber que o acompanhamento psicológico deveria ser um aditivo importante e parte integrante do tratamento, visto que pode proporcionar ao doente uma melhor qualidade de vida e aos seus familiares.

Vergonha e Solidão na Doença Mental Crónica: contributo de um estudo exploratório

Este estudo pretende explorar a natureza da vergonha, enquanto vivência emocional, e a sua relação com a solidão nos doentes mentais crónicos. Foi avaliada a vergonha interna e externa, a solidão, e estados emocionais negativos, nomeadamente a depressão, ansiedade e stress. Nesta investigação participaram 41 utentes com diagnóstico de perturbação mental. Para avaliar as variáveis psicológicas pretendidas foi utilizada a Escala de Vergonha Interna (ISS), a Escala de Vergonha Externa (OAS), A Escala de Solidão UCLA e a Escala de Depressão, Ansiedade e Stress (DASS-21). Os resultados indicaram que os doentes mentais da nossa amostra apresentam maiores níveis de vergonha comparativamente à população geral. São as mulheres que apresentam valores mais elevados de vergonha interna, enquanto os divorciados apresentam maiores índices de vergonha externa e de solidão. Os doentes que têm uma actividade laboral manifestam menores níveis de solidão e de depressão. Quanto mais elevadas as habilitações literárias dos participantes, menor é o nível de ansiedade. No estudo de comparação entre doentes institucionalizados e não-institucionalizados, verificou-se que os primeiros apresentam níveis significativamente mais elevados de ansiedade, não se distinguindo relativamente à percepção de solidão e de vergonha (interna e externa). A análise da relação entre as variáveis evidenciou que os valores de vergonha interna e de solidão estavam associados de forma positiva e elevada à depressão e de forma moderada à ansiedade e stress. Não obstante as limitações reconhecidas, o presente estudo contribuiu para um melhor conhecimento dos estados emocionais negativos nos doentes mentais. / This study aims to explore the nature of shame, while emotional experience and its relationship with loneliness in the chronic mentally ill. We evaluated the internal and external shame, loneliness, and negative emotional states, including depression, anxiety and stress. 41 users participated in this investigation with a diagnosis of mental disorder. To assess the psychological variables was intended to use Internal Shame Scale (ISS), the Foreign Shame Scale (OAS), the UCLA Loneliness Scale and the Scale for Depression, Anxiety and Stress (DASS-21). The results indicated that the mentally ill in our sample have higher levels of shame compared to the general population. They are women who have higher levels of internal shame, while the divorced have higher rates of external shame and loneliness. Patients who have a work activity demonstrate lower levels of loneliness and depression. The higher the educational level of participants, the lower the level of anxiety. In the comparative study of institutionalized patients and non-institutionalized, it was found that the former have significantly higher levels of anxiety, not distinguishing relation to the perception of loneliness and shame (internal and external). The analysis of the relationship between the variables showed that the values of internal shame and loneliness were positively associated with depression and high and moderately to anxiety and stress. Despite the recognized limitations, this study contributes to a better understanding of negative emotional states in the mentally ill.

Estudo dos efeitos da terapia fotodinâmica em periodontite induzida em ratos

Tese (Doutoramento)

Estudio prospectivo de morbimortalidad en pacientes en hemodiálisis crónica: papel de la dimetilarginina asimétrica (ADMA)

Programa de doctorado: Avances en Medicina Interna, Bienio 2008/10. La fecha de publicación es la fecha de lectura