Avaliação do uso de poli(tereftalato de etileno) (PET) como matriz de imobilização de cinzas de incineradores

Industrial hazardous wastes must receive appropriate treatment to ensure a safe disposal to humans and environment. One of the techniques adopted for this purpose is the stabilization/solidification in polymer matrices. This paper evaluated the use of recycled polyethylene terephthalate as an incorporation matrix of incinerator ash. The polymer and the ash were submitted to an extrusion process in different percentages. The final product was evaluated through thermal and leaching tests and the leachate extracts constituents were determinated by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results showed a reduction in the release of substances up to 99% by mass for the conditions used.

Desempenho da matriz híbrida SiO2-quitosana na imobilização da lipase microbiana de Candida rugosa

Lipase from Candida rugosa was immobilized by covalent attachment on hybrid SiO2-chitosan obtained by sol-gel technique. A comparative study between free and immobilized lipase was provided in terms of pH, temperature, kinetic parameters and thermal stability on the olive oil hydrolysis. The pH and temperature for maximum activity shifted from 7.0 and 45 ºC for the free lipase to 7.5 and wide range of temperature (40-50 ºC) after immobilization. Kinetics parameters were found to obey Michaelis-Menten equation and K M values indicated that immobilization process reduced the affinity of enzyme-substrate; however Kd values revealed an increase of thermal stability of lipase.

Aplicação de métodos quimiométricos na caracterização de charutos utilizando extração por dispersão da matriz em fase sólida e análise por cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas

In this work, the organic compounds of cigar samples from different brands were analyzed. The compound extraction was made using the matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) technique, followed by gas chromatography and identification by mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and standards, when available. Thirty eight organic compounds were found in seven different brands. Finally, with the objective of characterizing and discriminating the cigar samples, multivariate statistical analyses were applied to data, e.g.; principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). With such analyses, it was possible to discriminate three main groups of three quality levels.

Utilização do acetato de celulose produzido a partir da celulose extraída do caroço de manga como matriz para produção de sistemas microparticulados

Cellulose acetate produced from mango seed fibers cellulose was used as a matrix for preparation of microparticles empty and load with acetaminophen (Paracetamol) in order to evaluate the incorporation of an active agent during the formation of microparticles. The microparticles are characterized by Fourier Transformed Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The incorporation of paracetamol can be confirmed by the change in value of glass transition temperature (Tg). The formation of microparticles spherical was observed by SEM and showed an average diameter of 1.010 and 0.950 mm for empty and load microparticles respectively.

Acúmulo de cargas elétricas em propelente sólido compósito com matriz de polibutadieno líquido hidroxilado

Composite solid propellants prepared with HTPB prepolymer - Hydroxyl Terminated Polybutadiene, AP - Ammonium Perchlorate as oxidizer and aluminum particles as an additive metal, have characteristics of high electrical resistivity. The loading process of the polymer matrix did not obtain homogeneity, resulting in clusters, mainly of metal particles. The effect of clustering in the composite was studied and observed experimentally, and this effect was one of the factors explaining the phenomenon of electrical charging of the composite. This electrical potential, when discharged abruptly, can generate an electric spark with sufficient energy for sustained ignition of a solid rocket motor.

Obtenção e caracterização de matriz apropriada para sistemas de liberação prolongada: estudos de liberação dos herbicidas atrazina e diuron

This study aimed to produce and characterize a novel material from fish scales and chitosan for use as a medium for the extended release of herbicides. The mechanism of release for the herbicides atrazine and diuron was influenced by diffusion and swelling according to the power law kinetic model. The atrazine release time was seven days, while that of diuron was four days. The results of this study will contribute to the development of environmental matrices for herbicide release systems.

A cross-border VMI to Russia and cultural impacts to the implementation

VMI (Vendor managed inventory) is a collaboration model between a supplier and a customer, where a supplier has the responsibility of the inventory replenishments. The tightened competition forces companies to collaborate, and VMI is a simple method to cooperate. The aim of this study was to create a cross-border VMI model from Finland to Russia in the case company. However, the cultural differences between the countries produce problems and therefore the cultural impacts to the model and implementation were taken into account. This study includes two parts: the first framework consists of operational principles, benefits, risks, criteria and success factors of VMI and the second concentrates on cultural aspects of the process change. As a result, an operating model for case company’s supply chain was created. In addition, the suggestions for avoiding the cultural impacts in the implementation were given.

Cultural practices and genetic resistance as factors affecting soybean stem canker and plant yield in the Cerrado

Field experiments were conducted in the 1995-96 soybean (Glycine max) growing season to evaluate the effects of cultural practices and host genetic resistance on the intensity of soybean stem canker, caused by Diaporthe phaseolorum f.sp. meridionalis (Dpm). Experiments were conducted in a commercial field severely infected in the previous (1994-95) season. In one study, minimum tillage (MT) and no-tillage (NT) cropping systems were investigated for their effects on disease development and on plant yields in cvs. FT-Cristalina (susceptible) and FT-Seriema (moderately resistant). Another study evaluated the effects of plant densities (8, 15, 21 and 36 plants/m) on disease development in cvs. FT-Cristalina, FT-101 (moderately resistant) and FT-104 (resistant). Disease incidence and severity were consistently lower in NT than in MT, and plant yields were increased by 23% and 14% in the NT system for the susceptible and moderately resistant cultivars, respectively, compared to the yields in the MT system. The Gompertz and Logistic models described well the disease progress curves in all situations. For both susceptible and moderately resistant cultivars, disease severity increased proportionately to the increase in plant densities. At the end of the season, 100% of the plants of cv. FT-Cristalina were infected by Dpm, at all plant densities. Disease levels on cv. FT-101 were intermediate while only very low disease levels were recorded on cv. FT-104. There was a consistent negative correlation between stem canker severity and yield. Some practices demonstrated potential for direct application in disease control, and could be combined considering their additive effects.

Isolamento, caracterização cultural-morfológica, patogenicidade e serologia de Streptomyces spp. da batata

O presente trabalho testou quatro métodos de isolamento de Streptomyces spp. em tubérculos de batata (Solanum tuberosum) com sarna comum, superficial e profunda, caracterizando os isolados quanto a morfologia, serologia e patogenicidade. Para o isolamento foram testados: meio de cultura ágar-água a pH 10; meio contendo antibióticos; meio de asparagina e meio de quitina. O meio ágar-água pH 10 foi o mais eficaz no isolamento de Streptomyces spp. com média de 129 colônias/placa, além de ser de fácil preparo, menor custo e proporcionar melhor visualização das colônias. No meio de antibiótico verificou-se média de 54% dos fragmentos de tubérculos plaqueados com crescimento de Streptomyces spp. Já nos meios de asparagina e quitina a média foi de 36,3 e 2,5 colônias/placa, respectivamente. Para caracterização dos isolados obtidos utilizou-se o meio de extrato de levedura e malte. As colônias originadas apresentaram coloração que variou de cinza a marrom e de branco a creme, com ou sem produção de pigmento, com cadeias de esporos flexuosas ou espiraladas, de tamanho variável e produzindo ou não micélio aéreo em colônias com cadeias espiraladas. Dezenove isolados, representando esses diferentes tipos, foram inoculados na batata cv. Monalisa por infestação de solo autoclavado, antes da semeadura dos tubérculos-sementes. Sintomas típicos da doença foram verificados 14 semanas após a inoculação, para oito isolados. Anti-soros produzidos em coelhos contra três isolados fitopatogênicos apresentaram reação serológica (dupla difusão em gel-ágar de Ouchterlony) para os antígenos homólogos e para poucos antígenos heterólogos, porém os isolados de Streptomyces com patogenicidade confirmada não apresentaram antígenos em comum.

Caracterização fisiológica, cultural e patogênica de diferentes isolados de Lasiodiplodia theobromae

Lasiodiplodia theobromae é responsável por doenças em inúmeras plantas cultivadas, causando perdas significativas de produção, notadamente no Nordeste brasileiro. Estudos básicos sobre esse fungo são necessários para se compreender melhor as interações patógeno-hospedeiro e traçar estratégias de controle. Este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar oito isolados de L. theobromae, obtidos de diferentes hospedeiros, quanto ao crescimento micelial, produção e fertilidade de picnídios, aspectos morfológicos das colônias e patogenicidade. Os isolados variaram em todas as características estudadas. O meio aveia-ágar proporcionou a maior produção e fertilidade de picnídios, sobressaindo-se os isolados obtidos de manga e maracujá. O meio cenoura-ágar não promoveu a produção dessas estruturas. Quanto ao crescimento micelial, o meio V-8 promoveu maior velocidade de crescimento dos isolados. Em relação à coloração da colônia houve grande variação, predominando a coloração branco-acinzentada. Quanto à formação dos picnídios, verificou-se que a maioria dos isolados formaram tais estruturas. Em ensaios de inoculação cruzada, todos os isolados mostraram-se patogênicos aos hospedeiros testados.