Adaptación cultural del cuestionario LINQ (Lung Information Needs Questionnaire) en pacientes con enfermedad respiratoria crónica en un programa de rehabilitación pulmonar en Cali, Colombia

Objetivo: Adaptar culturalmente el cuestionario LINQ (Lung Information Needs Questionnaire) en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar crónica. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, después de la traducción del cuestionario por traductor certificado y de la adaptación cultural, se aplicó en ocho pacientes para identificar las dificultades y dudas relacionadas con el entendimiento de las preguntas, la terminología y para evaluar no solo la calidad de la traducción, sino también para verificar aspectos prácticos de su aplicación. Posteriormente, se realizó una segunda traducción al idioma inglés la cual fue enviada a los autores para asegurar el contenido original del cuestionario y conseguir el aval para su uso. Resultados: La muestra en la fase de adaptación cultural fue constituida por 6 hombres y 2 mujeres con una edad promedio de 61 años. La versión en españo ldel LINQ y la adaptación cultural fue comprensible y fácil de usar y no presentó discrepancias con la versión original durante el proceso de retratraducción. Conclusiones: La traducción al español y la adaptacion del LINQ fue adecuada pues los pacientes no manifestaron dificultades para entender y responder las preguntas. Esto podrá facilitar la realización de futuros estudios que evalúen el componente educativo en los programas de rehabiltación pulmonar.

Evolución de pacientes adultos en ventilación mecánica en modo ASV. UCI Hospital San Rafael Tunja agosto-diciembre 2014

Este es un estudio observacional descriptivo, longitudinal y prospectivo realizado con el fin de describir la evolución de de la mecánica ventilatoria, la gasometría y los tiempos de ventilación en los pacientes en ventilación mecánica en modo ASV en la UCI del Hospital San Rafael de Tunja durante los meses de Agosto a Diciembre de 2014 y encontrando que es un método seguro y eficiente para el manejo de la ventilación en pacientes sin mayores comorbilidades ni compromiso orgánico múltiple que bien podría ser utilizado desde el inicio de la ventilación hasta el destete de la misma con el beneficio adicional de menores requerimientos de sedación durante la ventilación pero teniendo en cuenta que factores como hipotensión sostenida, hiperlactatemia, falla renal e hipoxia severa pueden indicar la necesidad de cambio de modo ventilatorio.

AS - A Level physics : mechanics and materials, waves and particles.

Guía de bolsillo para la revisión de los temas clave en el área de física para alumnos de bachillerato (segundo ciclo de educación secundaria), niveles AS y A, con trescientas preguntas rápidas y sus respuestas, organizadas en secciones temáticas y con consejos de examen. Contiene: fundamentos, mecánica, radioactividad, física de partículas, electricidad, materiales sólidos, ondas y método experimental.

Interpreting students??? perceptions in fluid mechanics learning outcomes

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A groove-ploughing theory for the production of mega-scale glacial lineations, and implications for ice-stream mechanics

Mega-scale glacial lineations (MSGLs) are longitudinally aligned corrugations (ridge-groove structures 6-100 km long) in sediment produced subglacially. They are indicators of fast flow and a common signature of ice-stream beds. We develop a qualitative theory that accounts for their formation, and use numerical modelling, and observations of ice-stream beds to provide supporting evidence. Ice in contact with a rough (scale of 10-10(3) m) bedrock surface will mimic the form of the bed. Because of flow acceleration and convergence in ice-stream onset zones, the ice-base roughness elements experience transverse strain, transforming them from irregular bumps into longitudinally aligned keels of ice protruding downwards. Where such keels slide across a soft sedimentary bed, they plough through the sediments, carving elongate grooves, and deforming material up into intervening ridges. This explains MSGLs and has important implications for ice-stream mechanics. Groove ploughing provides the means to acquire new lubricating sediment and to transport large volumes of it downstream. Keels may provide basal drag in the force budget of ice streams, thereby playing a role in flow regulation and stability We speculate that groove ploughing permits significant ice-stream widening, thus facilitating high-magnitude ice discharge.

Radon in homes and risk of lung cancer: collaborative analysis of individual data from 13 European case-control studies

Objective: To determine the risk of lung cancer associated with exposure at home to the radioactive disintegration products of naturally Occurring radon gas. Design: Collaborative analysis of individual data from 13 case-control studies of residential radon and lung cancer. Setting Nine European countries. Subjects 7148 cases Of lung cancer and 14 208 controls. Main outcome measures: Relative risks of lung cancer and radon gas concentrations in homes inhabited during the previous 5-34 years measured in becquerels (radon disintegrations per second) per cubic incite (Bq/m(3)) Of household air. Results: The mean measured radon concentration in homes of people in tire control group was 97 Bq/m(3), with 11% measuring > 200 and 4% measuring > 400 Bq/m(3). For cases of lung cancer the mean concentration was 104 Bq/m(3). The risk of lung cancer increased by 8.4% (95% confidence interval 3.0% to 15.8%) per 100 Bq/m(3) increase in measured radon (P = 0.0007). This corresponds to an increase of 16% (5% to 31%) per 100 Bq/m(3) increase in usual radon-that is, after correction for the dilution caused by random uncertainties in measuring radon concentrations. The dose-response relation seemed to be linear with no threshold and remained significant (P=0.04) in analyses limited to individuals from homes with measured radon < 200 Bq/m(3). The proportionate excess risk did not differ significantly with study, age, sex, or smoking. In the absence of other causes of death, the absolute risks of lung cancer by age 75 years at usual radon concentrations of 0, 100, and 400 Bq/m(3) would be about 0.4%, 0.5%, and 0.7%, respectively, for lifelong non-smokers, and about 25 times greater (10%, 12%, and 16%) for cigarette smokers. Conclusions: Collectively, though not separately, these studies show appreciable hazards from residential radon, particularly for smokers and recent ex-smokers, and indicate that it is responsible for about 2% of all deaths from cancer in Europe.

Selectivity of bis(calix[4]diquinone) ionophores towards metal ions in solvent dimethylsulfoxide: a molecular mechanics and molecular dynamics study

Molecular modelling studies have been carried out on two bis(calix[4]diqu(inone) ionophores, each created from two (calix[4]diquinone)arenes bridged at their bottom rims via alkyl chains (CH2)(n), 1: n = 3, 2; n = 4, in order to understand the reported selectivity of these ligands towards different sized metal ions such as Na+, K+, Rb+, and Cs+ in dmso solution. Conformational. analyses have been carried out which show that in the lowest energy conformations of the two macrocycles, the individual calix[4]diquinones exhibit a combination of partial cone, 1,3-alternate and cone conformations. The interactions of these alkali metals with the macrocycles have been studied in the gas phase and in a periodic box of solvent dmso by molecular mechanics and molecular dynamics calculations. Molecular mechanics calculations have been carried out on the mode of entry of the ions into the macrocycles and suggest that this is likely to occur from the side of the central cavity, rather than through the main axis of the calix[4]diquinones. There are energy barriers of ca. 19 kcal mol(-1) for this entry path in the gas phase, but in solution no energy barrier is found. Molecular dynamics simulations show that in both 1 and 2, though particularly in the latter macrocycle, one or two solvent molecules are bonded to the metal throughout the course of the simulation, often to the exclusion, of one or more of the ether oxygen atoms. By contrast the carbonyl oxygen atoms remain bonded to the metal atoms throughout with bond lengths that remain significantly less than those to the ether oxygen atoms. Free energy perturbation studies have been carried out in dmso and indicate that for 1, the selectivity follows the order Rb+ approximate to K+ > Cs+ >> Na+, which is partially in agreement with the experimental results. The energy differences are small and indeed the ratio between stability constants found for Cs+ and K+ complexes is only 0.60, showing that 1 has only a slight preference for K+. For the larger receptor 2, which is better suited to metal complexation, the binding affinity follows the pattern Cs+ >> Rb+ >> K+ >> Na+, with energy differences of 5.75, 2.61, 2.78 kcal mol(-1) which is perfectly consistent with experimental results.