Theoretical investigation on the one- and two-photon absorption properties for a series of symmetrical charge transfer fluorene-phenylene and fluorene-thiophene derivatives

One- and two-photon absorption properties of a series of fluorene derivatives with symmetrical charge transfer D-IT-D and A-IT-A structural motifs have been theoretically investigated with ZINDO/S method. The optimized structures and the characterization of frontier molecular orbitals were obtained by using AMI calculations. Two-photon absorption properties of molecules have been studied using three-state model. The calculation results have shown that fluorene-thiophene derivatives exhibit larger two-photon absorption cross-section as compared with other studied molecules. To illustrate the results, the crucial effects of thiophene ring on fluorenethiophene derivatives and the net charge changes on the pi-conjugated bridges are analyzed theoretically. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Three-photon absorption-induced fluorescence and optical limiting effects in a fluorene derivative

This paper reports on the steady-state fluorescence, three- photon absorption-induced fluorescence emission and subsequently induced optical limiting behaviour of a fluorene derivative with D-pi-D structural motifs. The lifetime of the steady-state fluorescence is 0.903 ns. Large optical limiting behaviour induced by 3PA has also been demonstrated, and the nonlinear absorption coefficient gamma derived from 3PA fitting curves is 5.92 x 10(-20) cm(3)/W-2 and the corresponding molecular 3PA cross-section sigma(3)' is 1.14 x 10(-76) cm(6) s(2).

侧面泵浦的短矩形掺钕磷酸盐玻璃光纤激光器

利用光纤－波导耦合器技术侧面泵浦一根4厘米长的短光纤，我们研制得到了一个红外波长的光纤激光器。该激光器的增益介质是横截面为矩形的掺钕磷酸盐玻璃光纤，其纤芯横截面尺寸为1.5×0.5 毫米，数值孔径为0.2。单横模激光可以通过该矩形光纤的增益-导引效应来获得。最大的激光输出功率为1.05瓦，斜率效率为10％。

Estimating reflectivity values from wind turbines for analyzing the potential impact on weather radar services

Locate full-text(opens in a new window)|View at Publisher| Export | Download | More... Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Volume 8, Issue 5, 27 May 2015, Pages 2183-2193 Estimating reflectivity values from wind turbines for analyzing the potential impact on weather radar services (Article) Angulo, I.a, Grande, O.a, Jenn, D.b, Guerra, D.a, De La Vega, D.a a University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain b Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, United States View references (28) Abstract The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) has repeatedly expressed concern over the increasing number of impact cases of wind turbine farms on weather radars. Current signal processing techniques to mitigate wind turbine clutter (WTC) are scarce, so the most practical approach to this issue is the assessment of the potential interference from a wind farm before it is installed. To do so, and in order to obtain a WTC reflectivity model, it is crucial to estimate the radar cross section (RCS) of the wind turbines to be built, which represents the power percentage of the radar signal that is backscattered to the radar receiver.

For the proposed model, a representative scenario has been chosen in which both the weather radar and the wind farm are placed on clear areas; i.e., wind turbines are supposed to be illuminated only by the lowest elevation angles of the radar beam.

This paper first characterizes the RCS of wind turbines in the weather radar frequency bands by means of computer simulations based on the physical optics theory and then proposes a simplified model to estimate wind turbine RCS values. This model is of great help in the evaluation of the potential impact of a certain wind farm on the weather radar operation.

Distribuição espacial dos foraminíferos no perfil transversal ao manguezal da margem da baía de Sepetiba-RJ: habitat e paleoambiente

Os foraminíferos de zona entre-marés são amplamente utilizados como na reconstituição paleoambiental holocênica. Entretanto, a despeito dos manguezais, estudos com foraminíferos são relativamente escassos. A estrutura do habitat e seu grau de exposição atuam na distribuição espacial das espécies de zona entre-marés. Em um perfil transversal ao manguezal que margeia a baía de Sepetiba (RJ), foi investigada a influência parâmetros estruturais do habitat e da riqueza na distribuição espacial dos foraminíferos do manguezal. Os parâmetros escolhidos neste estudo foram serapilheira, litologia, matéria orgânica total, microtopografia, zonação botânica, espécies botânicas, altura média das árvores e densidade de árvores. Um testemunho de 144 cm também foi descrito em termos da sua litologia, matéria orgânica total, composição biogênica, incluído foraminíferos. O perfil apresentou textura silte argilosa, matéria orgânica total concentrada por todo manguezal e a serapilheira acumulada principalmente no mangue superior. Os forminíferos (24) ocorreram apenas no manguezal, com predomínio de aglutinantes e presença significativa de formas calcárias. A densidade de testas se concentrou no mangue superior. A. beccarii f. tepida, E. excavatum, A. mexicana, Q. seminulum e T. inflata foram as espécies mais constantes. A diversidade não apresentou variabilidade espacial significativa e foi marcada pela baixa dominância e alta equitabilidade. Notou-se diferença significativa da riqueza de foraminíferos entre habitats expostos e protegidos. A riqueza específica apresentou moderada correlação com a serapilheira e densidade de árvores. A. mexicana e H. wilberti apresentaram moderada correlação com a riqueza. Q. seminulum apresentou significativa correlação com a matéria orgânica total e altura média das árvores. T. inflata apresentou significativa correlação com a riqueza e serapilheira. Em relação ao testemunho, foi possível identificar três paleoambientes de baía restrita: infralitoral, mesolitoral e supralitoral. O manguezal este presente entre o nível 124 62 cm e a planície hipersalina a partir do nível 24 cm.

Nd-glass belt lasers with improved beam quality

Nd-doped phosphate glass belt lasers pumped by laser diodes are demonstrated. The Nd-glass belt with a large cross-section and a small Fresnel number is air-cooled to provide around 18-W continuous wave (CW) output power with a beam quality factor of My2

Yb^3＋掺杂锌锗碲酸盐玻璃的热分析、光谱和激光性质

设计了组成为0．70TeO2-(0．20-x)ZnO-xGeO2—0．05La2O3-0．025K2O-0．025Na2O-0．01Yb2O3(摩尔分数x=0,0．05，0．10，0．15和0．20)的碲酸盐激光玻璃，测试了热学性质、吸收光谱、荧光光谱和荧光寿命。计算了Yb^3+离子的吸收截面、受激发射截面、荧光有效线宽等参数。结果表明，组成为0．70TeO2-0．20GeO2-0．05La2O3-0．025K2O-0．025Na2O的玻璃具有优于著名的碲锌钠(TZN)玻璃的热稳定性，高的受激发射截面(1

Yb：铅锌镧碲酸盐玻璃的热学、光谱和激光性质

研究了摩尔组分为70TeO2-(20-x)ZnO-xPbO-5La2O3-2.5K2O-2．5Na2O(x=0，5，10，15，20)的新型多元铅锌镧碲酸盐激光玻璃，外掺Yb2O3为玻璃摩尔组分的1％，测试了试样的物理性质及吸收光谱、荧光光谱和荧光寿命，计算了Yb^3+的吸收截面、受激发射截面、荧光有效线宽等光谱参数，结果表明：该系列玻璃都具有良好的热学稳定性((Tx-Tg)>195℃，高于TZN玻璃(118℃))；当X=15时，样品具有较好的光谱性质：高的受激发射截面(1．25pm^2)、长的荧光寿命(

掺铒高硅氧玻璃光谱性质的研究

应用Judd-Oflet理论计算了新型掺铒高硅氧玻璃中铒离子的强度参量Ωt（t=2，4，6），Ω2=8．15×10^-20,Ω4=1．43×10^-20,Ω6=1．22×10^-20，相比于其他氧化物玻璃，表现出较大的Ω2,6值，反映了铒离子周围的近邻结构不对称性和Er-O键的离子键成分较高．利用McCumber理论计算得到了能级4I13/2→4I15/2跃迁的受激发射截面为σc=O．51pm^2．这种高硅氧玻璃掺铒离子浓度尽管高于石英光纤的掺杂浓度10倍左右，其荧光寿命和量子效率仍达到6．0ms和66．

铒离子浓度对掺Er^3＋碲酸盐玻璃的Judd-Ofelt理论参数的影响

制备了四种不同铒离子掺杂浓度的碲酸盐玻璃，通过测定吸收光谱计算了吸收谱线的振子强度，根据Judd-Ofelt理论计算了不同浓度下Er^3＋离子发光光谱的强度参数Ω（i=2，4，6），计算了自发辐射电偶和磁偶跃迁概率、辐射寿命、荧光分支比等参数，讨论了Er^3＋离子浓度变化对以上这些参数的影响。测试了Er^3＋：^4I13／2→^4I15／2跃迁对应的荧光光谱和Er^3＋：^4I13／2能级荧光寿命。最后应用McCumber理论计算了玻璃中Er^3＋：^4I13／2→^4I15／2跃迁对应的受激发射截面大小

掺铒碲-钨-钠玻璃基质的光谱性质研究

制备了用于离子交换法制备光波导器件的掺铒碲-钨-钠玻璃基质。应用扎得-奥菲而特(Judd—Ofelt)理论计算了玻璃样品的三个强度参量，由强度参量计算了Er^3+离子的自发跃迁几率、荧光分支比等光谱参量；应用麦克库玻(McCumber)理论，计算了Er^3+离子在1．5μm的受激发射截面，荧光测试发现Er^3+离子的荧光半峰全宽可达65nm。比较了Er^3+离子在不同玻璃基质中的光谱特性。结果表明，Er^3+离子在碲-钨-钠玻璃中具有较高的受激发射截面和较宽的荧光半峰全宽，可以用于宽带光波导器件的制备。

Effect of network modifiers on spectroscopic properties of erbium-doped phosphate glasses

The integrated absorption cross section Sigma(abs), I peak emission cross section sigma(cmi), Judd-Ofeld intensity parameters Omega(iota) ( t = 2,4,6), and spontaneous emission probability A(R) of Er3+ ions were determined for Erbium doped alkali and alkaline earth phosphate glasses. It is found the compositional dependence of sigma(emi) 5 almost similar to that of Sigma(abs), which is determined by the sum, of Omega(1) (3 Omega(2) + 10 Omega(4) + 21 Omega(6)). In addition, the compositional dependence of Omega(1) was studied in these glass systems. As a result, compared with. Omega(4) and Omega(6) the Omega(2) has a stronger compositional dependence on the ionic radius and content of modifers. The covalency of Er-O bonds in phosphate glass is weaker than that in silicate glass, germanate glass, aluminate glass, and tellurate glass, since Omega(6) of phosphate glass is relatively large. A(R) is affected by the covalency of the Er3+ ion sites and corresponds to the Omega(6) value.

Effect of alkaline-earth metal composition on spectroscopic properties of Er3+ in fluorophosphate glasses

Optical spectroscopic properties of Er3+-doped alkaline-earth metal modified fluoropho sphate glasses have been investigated experimentally for developing broadband fiber and planar amplifiers. The results show a strong correlation between the alkaline-earth metal content and the spectroscopic parameters such as absorption and emission cross sections, full widths at half-maximum and Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters. It is found that strontium ions could have more influences on the Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters and the absorption and emission cross sections than other alkaline-earth metal ions such as Mg2+, Ca2+, Ba2+. The sample containing 23 mol% strontium fluoride exhibits the maximum emission cross section of 7.58 x 10(-21) cm(2), the broadest full width at half-maximum of 65 nm and the longer lifetime of 8.6 ms among the alkaline-earth metal modified fluorophosphates glasses studied. The Judd-Ofelt intensity parameter Omega(6)s, the emission cross sections and the full widths at half-maximum in the Er3+-doped fluorophosphate glasses studied are larger than in the silicate and phosphate glasses.

Thermal stability and spectroscopic properties of Er3+-doped niobium tellurite glasses for broadband amplifiers

Three Er3+-doped tellurite glasses with compositions of 70TeO(2)-30ZnO, 70TeO(2)-20ZnO-10Nb(2)O(5) and 70TeO(2)-20ZnO-5BaO-5Nb(2)O(5) have been investigated for developing fiber and planar broadband amplifiers and lasers. The optical spectroscopic properties and thermal stability of Er3+-doped tellurite glasses have been discussed. The results show that the incorporation of Nb2O5 increases the thermal stability of Er3+-doped tellurite glasses significantly, Er3+-doped niobium tellurite glasses 70TeO(2)-20ZnO-10Nb(2)O(5) and 70TeO(2)-20ZnO-5BaO-5Nb(2)O(5) exhibit the good thermal stability (DeltaT > 150degreesC), the large emission cross-section (>10 x 10(-21) cm(2)) and broad full width at half maximum (similar to65 nm), will be preferable for broadband Er3+-doped fiber amplifiers. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

TeO2-ZnO-Na2O-K2O玻璃中Er^3＋离子掺杂浓度对其发光及荧光寿命的影响

测量了不同掺杂浓度下Er^3+离子在碲酸盐玻璃中的吸收光谱、发射光谱和Er^3+离子的荧光寿命，计算了Er^3+离子的发射截面σc，分析了Er^3+离子掺杂浓度对其发光强度和荧光寿命的影响．结果表明，Er^3+离子掺杂浓度较低时，对其荧光强度和荧光寿命没有显著的影响；掺杂浓度高时，出现了浓度猝灭效应，使Er^3+离子荧光光强度降低，荧光寿命下降．实验确定了掺杂浓度最优值，同时对浓度猝灭机制进行了分析．