Leituras sobre usuário e uso de informação na Ciência da Informação

Considering aspects of international literature in the area of Information Science (IS) regarding need, search, behavior and use of information, this study aims to explore the historical path and interpretations of the concepts of user and use of information, under the support reference of the notions of information system and subject agency. For such, a corpus was formed with 15 literature reviews of the Annual Review of Information Science and Technology - ARIST - which brought a theoretical panorama on the concepts here studied. The analysis of these reviews was tooled with categorizations of the use of information proposed by Rachel Anne Fleming-May, making it possible to situate two initial phases identified, particularized for orbiting a notion of information system, being the first phase characterized by a more static conception of system and the second by a more dynamic meaning. Finally, a third and last phase was found in reading ARIST, which was better visualized after the year 2000. In the first decade of the 21st century, studies started considering, complementarily to previous phases, the agency of subjects from the notions of interaction and context, in actions of use, production and appropriation of information and knowledge.

O cientificismo como obstáculo à compreensão ético-política da Psicologia

In separating the phenomena of their social, human, and ecological contexts, and by not taking into account intentional and valorative categories, natural-scientific methodologies impede the comprehension of some human activities which include values, chiefly ethical and political. In this context, scientism is the dogmatic and non-thematized acceptance of natural-scientific methods. From this point on, in the context of psychology, the aim of this paper is to demonstrate how scientism can function as an epistemological and methodological obstacle to an ethical and political understanding of psychology. Thus, at first, through reflections based on problems encountered in the literature on the subject, scientism's dogmas and some counterpoints are presented; some of its consequences are addressed, by taking up two examples from current literature - the labeling and the racial interpretations, and, finally, a program of research which deals with these problems is presented as an alternative: critical psychology.

Bioética e modernidade: entre o cativeiro da razão e a construção dos direitos humanos

Pós-graduação em Direito - FCHS

Dados, informação e conhecimento enquanto elementos de compreensão do universo conceitual da ciência da informação: contribuições teóricas

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

A proposta de ensino por investigação e o processo de formação inicial de professores de ciências: reflexões sobre a construção de um modelo didático pessoal

Pós-graduação em Educação para a Ciência - FC

Stanley Lloyd Miller e a origem da vida: uma possibilidade para o estudo da natureza da ciência

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Noções de sujeito em modelos teóricos na Ciência da Informação: do enfoque no sistema à consideração da agência em contexto

Considering the investigating course of Information Science which, under different perspectives, admits theoretical constructions influenced by objective and/or subjective and/or social dimensions of information, this paper aims to identify conceptual elements about notions of user employed in modeling constructs in the area. For such, an investigation was made in a corpus comprised of 15 literature reviews on need, search, behavior and use of information published in the Annual Review of Information Science and Technology - ARIST. Corpus analysis allowed to illustrate the subject-object relation in traditional and alternative approaches, directed towards objective and subjective dimensions of information. It also allowed to propose systemic and emerging models, the latter comprising of the relative attraction of subjective and social dimensions. In the end, a table is outlined with results pointing towards the displacement and/or transcendence of the strict notion of subject, underlying as a singularity managing or using information in a system - then considering, complementarily, other possibilities for acting. In this direction, the subject is then conceived not only in terms of management or use actions, but also taking as fundament his/her agency in the process of appropriation and construction of information and knowledge, interactively and in context.

Questões sociocientíficas na prática docente: ideologia, autonomia e formação de professores

Pós-graduação em Educação para a Ciência - FC

Institucionalização cognitiva e social da Organização e Representação do Conhecimento na Ciência da Informação no Brasil

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

O longo caminho: guerreiro ramos e a sociologia da administração antes de a nova ciência das organizações

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Revendo o debate quantidade-qualidade: tendências da pesquisa na Biblioteconomia e Ciência da Informação

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

A Linguagem, o Texto e o Documento no contexto da Ciência da Informação

The relation among the concepts text, document and information is discussed, with the aim of clarifying the concept of document, with a focus in the field of economic information organization and management. A document is a medium in which information is recorded and manifested. A document is, thus, material, has a purpose, can be organized and treated for its improved dissemination, and has a specific subject and context.

A nova configuração do paradigma cognitivo na Ciência da Informação: contribuições ao processo de conhecer do profissional da informação

Introduction: Studies about human cognition represent a relevant perspective in information science, considering the subjective actions of information professionals and dialogic process that should permeate the activity of subjects dealing with the organization and representation of information. Objective: Explore the approach of the cognitive perspective in information science and their new settings by contemporary needs of information to reflect on the process of meeting the professional information through the social reality that permeates the contexts of information. Methodology: Reflection on theoretical aspects that deal with the cognitive development to discuss the implications of the cognitive approach in information science and its evolution in the scope of the representation and processing of information. Results: Research in Information Science must consider issues of cognitive and social order that underlie information processing and the process of knowing the information professional as knowledge structures must be explained from the social context of knowing subjects. Conclusions: There is a need to investigate the process of knowing the information professional in the bias of socio-cognitive approach, targeting new elements for the understanding of the relationship information (cognitive manifestations) and its implications on the social dimension.

A formação do conceito de ontologia na ciência da informação: uma análise nos periódicos Scire e Ibersid

The concept of ontoloy as a tool for knowledge organization and representation, which is not yet stable, is analyzed in two spanish journals of information science, namely “Scire: representación y organización del conocimiento” and “Ibersid: revista de sistemas de información y documentación”, both published by the University of Zaragoza. The term "ontology" and its variations were searched in the fields of title, keywords and abstract. A corpus of eighteen articles was obtained. The approaches to ontologies were classified into four categories of analysis: conceptualization, comparison, application and new applications. It was observed that the way which the concept of ontologies is treated in both periodicals is in consonance with their editorial policies. The term ontology is suffering a process of meta-terminologization, from the field of philosophy towards information science, a fact that deserves further and more vertical studies.