Petrogenesis of Early Cretaceous silicic volcanism in SE Uruguay: The role of mantle and crustal sources

Early Cretaceous (similar to 129 Ma) silicic rocks crop out in SE Uruguay between the Laguna Merin and Santa Lucia basins in the Lascano, Sierra Sao Miguel. Salamanca and Minas areas They are mostly rhyolites with minor quartz-trachytes and are nearly contemporaneous with the Parana-Etendeka igneous province and with the first stages of South Atlantic Ocean opening A strong geochemical variability (particularly evident from Rb/Nb, Nb/Y trace element ratios) and a wide range of Sr-Nd isotopic ratios ((143)Nd/(144)Nd((129)) = 0.51178-0.51209, (87)Sr/(86)Sr((129)) = 0.70840-0.72417) characterize these rocks Geochemistry allows to distiniguish two compositional groups, corresponding to the north-eastern (Lascano and Sierra Sao Miguel, emplaced on the Neo-Proterozoic southern sector of the Dom Feliciano mobile belt) and south-eastern localities (Salamanca, Minas, emplace on the much older (Archean) Nico Perez teriane or on the boundary between the Dom Feliciano and Nico Perez termites) These compositional differences between the two groups are explained by variable mantle source and crust contributions. The origin of the silicic magmas is best explained by complex processes involving assimilation and fractional crystallization and mixing of a basaltic magma with upper crustal lithologies, for Lascano and Sierra Sao Miguel rhyolites. In the Salamanea and Minas rocks genesis, a stronger contribution from lower crust is indicated.

Sr-Nd isotopic evidence for crustal contamination in the Niquelandia complex, Goias, Central Brazil

The Niquelandia complex is a Neoproterozoic mafic-ultramafic intrusion resulting from fractional crystallization of primary picritic basalt intrusions. It consists of two layered sequences: a lower and larger one (LS), where four stratigraphic units exhibit an upward decrease of ultramafic layers and increase of gabbroic layers; an upper, smaller sequence (US), separated from LS by a high-temperature shear zone and consisting of two stratigraphic units (gabbros + anorthosites and amphibolites). Nd and Sr isotopic analyses and rare earth element (REE) profiles provide evidence that the complex suffered important crustal contamination. The LS isotopic array trends from a DM region with positive epsilon Nd and moderately positive epsilon Sr towards a field occupied by crustal xenoliths, especially abundant in the upper LS (negative epsilon Nd and large, positive E:Sr). Each LS stratigraphic unit is distinct from the next underlying unit, showing lower epsilon Nd and higher epsilon Sr, suggesting inputs of fresh magma and mixing with the contaminated, residual magma. The US is characterised by a relatively high variation of epsilon Nd and constant epsilon Sr. REE patterns vary within each unit from LREE depleted to LREE enriched in the samples having lower epsilon Nd and higher epsilon Sr. The contamination process has been modelled by using the EC-AFC algorithms from [Spera, F.J., Bohrson, W.A., 2001. Energy-constrained open-system magmatic processes 1: general model and energy-constrained assimilation and fractional crystallization (EC-AFC) formulation. J. Petrology 42, 999-1018]. The differences between the LS and US isotopic arrays are consistent with contamination by the same crustal component, provided that its melting degree was higher in LS than in US. The different degrees of anatexis are explained by the heat budget released from the magma, higher in LS (because of its larger mass) than in US. Comparison of the correlations between isotopes and incompatible trace element ratios of the models and of the gabbros shows some differences, which are demonstrably related with the variable amount of cumulus phases and trapped melt in the gabbros. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Age and geochemistry of mantle peridotites and diorite dykes from the Baldissero body: Insights into the Paleozoic-Mesozoic evolution of the Southern Alps

Trace element and isotopic data obtained for mantle spinel Iherzolites and diorite dykes from the Baldissero massif (Ivrea-Verbano Zone, Western Italy) provide new, valuable constraints on the petrologic and geodynamic evolution of the Southern Alps in Paleozoic to Mesozoic times. Whole rock and mineral chemistry indicates that Baldissero Iherzolites can be regarded as refractory mantle residues following limited melt extraction. In particular, the Light Rare Earth Elements (LREE)-depleted and fractionated compositions of whole rock and clinopyroxene closely match modelling results for refractory residues after low degrees (similar to 4-5%) of near-fractional melting of depleted mantle, possibly under garnet-facies conditions. Following this, the peridotite sequence experienced subsolidus re-equilibration at lithospheric spinel-facies conditions and intrusion of several generations of dykes. However, Iherzolites far from dykes show very modest metasomatic changes, as evidenced by the crystallisation of accessory titanian pargasite and the occurrence of very slight enrichments in highly incompatible trace elements (e.g. Nb). The Re-Os data for Iherzolites far from the dykes yield a 376 Ma (Upper Devonian) model age that is considered to record a partial melting event related to the Variscan orogenic cycle s.l. Dioritic dykes cutting the mantle sequence have whole rock, clinopyroxene and plagioclase characterised by high radiogenic Nd and low radiogenic Sr, which point to a depleted to slightly enriched mantle source. Whole rock and mafic phases of diorites have high Mg# values that positively correlate with the incompatible trace element concentrations. The peridotite at the dyke contact is enriched in orthopyroxene, iron and incompatible trace elements with respect to the Iherzolites far from dykes. Numerical simulations indicate that the geochemical characteristics of the diorites can be explained by flow of a hydrous, silica-saturated melt accompanied by reaction with the ambient peridotite and fractional crystallisation. The composition of the more primitive melts calculated in equilibrium with the diorite minerals show tholeiitic to transitional affinity. Internal Sm-Nd, three-point isochrons obtained for two dykes suggest an Upper Triassic-Lower Jurassic emplacement age (from 204 31 to 198 29 Ma). Mesozoic igneous events are unknown in the southern Ivrea-Verbano Zone (IVZ), but the intrusion of hydrous melts, mostly silica-saturated, have been well documented in the Finero region, i.e. the northernmost part of IVZ and Triassic magmatism with calc-alkaline to shoshonitic affinity is abundant throughout the Central-Eastern Alps. The geochemical and chronological features of the Baldissero diorites shed new light on the geodynamic evolution of the Southern Alps before the opening of the Jurassic Tethys. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Molecular characterization of nitrate reductase gene and its expression in the marine red alga Gracilaria tenuistipitata (Rhodophyta)

The enzyme nitrate reductase (NR) responsible for the conversion of nitrate to nitrite is considered to be the rate-limiting step in nitrogen assimilation. The economically important marine macroalga Gracilaria tenuistipitata presents a circadian oscillation in NR protein content and activity. In order to identify if the regulation of NR in G. tenuistipitata happens at transcriptional levels, the NR cDNA and gene were sequenced and the NR mRNA expression was studied. Analysis of the sequenced gene revealed absence of introns which is unusual for NR genes. The transcriptional profiling revealed a circadian rhythm for NR; furthermore, a rhythm was observed in constant light condition, suggesting a possible regulation by the biological clock at the mRNA levels for NR in G. tenuistipitata.

Do Different Models of Integration Affect Actual Integration? The Cases of France and Great Britain Revisited

Britain and France adapted two different integration models, namely assimilationist and multiculturalism to integrate their immigrants. These two big models of integration have distinctive characteristics to integrate immigrants. There is a general claim that multiculturalism model is the best for integrating immigrants in terms of actual integration, however, some argue the opposite, that French assimilationist model is ‘better off.’ This study examines these controversial claims by looking at the level to which immigrants are integrated in economic, social, political, cultural dimensions of integration and attitudes towards immigrants in Britain and France. Within a given theoretical framework, this study compares the overall competency level of immigrants’ integration in terms of actual integration between British multiculturalism model and French assimilationist model and validate that both these two big models of integration have reached a comparable level of integration and they do not have any decisive impact on actual integration.

Immigration, security and the public debate on US language policy : a critical discourse analysis of language attitudes in the United States of America

The narrative of the United States is of a "nation of immigrants" in which the language shift patterns of earlier ethnolinguistic groups have tended towards linguistic assimilation through English. In recent years, however, changes in the demographic landscape and language maintenance by non-English speaking immigrants, particularly Hispanics, have been perceived as threats and have led to calls for an official English language policy.This thesis aims to contribute to the study of language policy making from a societal security perspective as expressed in attitudes regarding language and identity originating in the daily interaction between language groups. The focus is on the role of language and American identity in relation to immigration. The study takes an interdisciplinary approach combining language policy studies, security theory, and critical discourse analysis. The material consists of articles collected from four newspapers, namely USA Today, The New York Times, Los Angeles Times, and San Francisco Chronicle between April 2006 and December 2007.Two discourse types are evident from the analysis namely Loyalty and Efficiency. The former is mainly marked by concerns of national identity and contains speech acts of security related to language shift, choice and English for unity. Immigrants are represented as dehumanised, and harmful. Immigration is given as sovereignty-related, racial, and as war. The discourse type of Efficiency is mainly instrumental and contains speech acts of security related to cost, provision of services, health and safety, and social mobility. Immigrants are further represented as a labour resource. These discourse types reflect how the construction of the linguistic 'we' is expected to be maintained. Loyalty is triggered by arguments that the collective identity is threatened and is itself used in reproducing the collective 'we' through hegemonic expressions of monolingualism in the public space and semi-public space. The denigration of immigrants is used as a tool for enhancing societal security through solidarity and as a possible justification for the denial of minority rights. Also, although language acquisition patterns still follow the historical trend of language shift, factors indicating cultural separateness such as the appearance of speech communities or the use of minority languages in the public space and semi-public space have led to manifestations of intolerance. Examples of discrimination and prejudice towards minority groups indicate that the perception of worth of a shared language differs from the actual worth of dominant language acquisition for integration purposes. The study further indicates that the efficient working of the free market by using minority languages to sell services or buy labour is perceived as conflicting with nation-building notions since it may create separately functioning sub-communities with a new cultural capital recognised as legitimate competence. The discourse types mainly represent securitising moves constructing existential threats. The perception of threat and ideas of national belonging are primarily based on a zero-sum notion favouring monolingualism. Further, the identity of the immigrant individual is seen as dynamic and adaptable to assimilationist measures whereas the identity of the state and its members are perceived as static. Also, the study shows that debates concerning language status are linked to extra-linguistic matters. To conclude, policy makers in the US need to consider the relationship between four factors, namely societal security based on collective identity, individual/human security, human rights, and a changing linguistic demography, for proposed language intervention measures to be successful.

Hårda nypor för ett mjukt samhälle? : Om medialisering och rasifiering i utspelspolitikens Sverige

Toughness for a soft society? On medialisation, racialisation and the politics of spin in Sweden In recent years, issues concerning the future of “multicultural Sweden” have become a salient feature in Swedish politics. One important actor in recent years’ debates about the problems confronting “multicultural Sweden” is the Swedish Liberal Party. Since the general election of 2002, the party has gained both publicity and electoral support by focusing the question of “integration of immigrants” in terms of assimilation and intensified demands aimed at the “immigrant Others”. In this article, the party’s recent developments in the area of integration policy is analysed within the framework of two general processes in contemporary politics, the politics of racialisation and the medialisation of politics. The party’s successful interventions in the area of integration policy are built on an intimate as well as complex interplay between racialisation and medialisation. The agenda articulated by the party, further, has several similarities with the agenda of “authoritarian populist” movements throughout Europe.

Development of on-line courses focusing on quality

The purpose of this paper is to show by which means quality in on-line education is achieved at Dalarna University. As a leading provider of online university courses in northern Europe, both in terms of number of students conducting their studies entirely on-line compared to the whole student body, (approximately 70% on-line students all subjects included), Dalarna University has acquired de facto extensive practical experience in the field of information technologies related to distance education. It has been deemed essential, to ensure that the quality of teaching reflects the principles governing the assessment of learning so that on-line education is deemed as comparative to campus education, both from a legal and cognitive point-of-view. Dalarna University began on-line courses in 2002 and it soon became clear that the interaction between the teacher and the student should make its mark in all stages of the learning process in order to both maintain the learners' motivation and ensure the assimilation of knowledge. We will illustrate these aspects by giving examples of what has been done in the recent years in on-line teaching of languages. As this method of teaching is not limited to learning basic language skills, but also to the study of literature, social issues and the language system of the various cultures, our presentation will offer a broad range of areas where the principles of quality in education are provided on a daily basis.

Newly Automated System For Integrated Assessment Of The Conditions Of Underwater Gas Pipelines

An underwater gas pipeline is the portion of the pipeline that crosses a river beneath its bottom. Underwater gas pipelines are subject to increasing dangers as time goes by. An accident at an underwater gas pipeline can lead to technological and environmental disaster on the scale of an entire region. Therefore, timely troubleshooting of all underwater gas pipelines in order to prevent any potential accidents will remain a pressing task for the industry. The most important aspect of resolving this challenge is the quality of the automated system in question. Now the industry doesn't have any automated system that fully meets the needs of the experts working in the field maintaining underwater gas pipelines. Principle Aim of this Research: This work aims to develop a new system of automated monitoring which would simplify the process of evaluating the technical condition and decision making on planning and preventive maintenance and repair work on the underwater gas pipeline. Objectives: Creation a shared model for a new, automated system via IDEF3; Development of a new database system which would store all information about underwater gas pipelines; Development a new application that works with database servers, and provides an explanation of the results obtained from the server; Calculation of the values MTBF for specified pipelines based on quantitative data obtained from tests of this system. Conclusion: The new, automated system PodvodGazExpert has been developed for timely and qualitative determination of the physical conditions of underwater gas pipeline; The basis of the mathematical analysis of this new, automated system uses principal component analysis method; The process of determining the physical condition of an underwater gas pipeline with this new, automated system increases the MTBF by a factor of 8.18 above the existing system used today in the industry.

Model Configuration And Data Management In The Short-Term Water Information Forecasting Tools

The Short-term Water Information and Forecasting Tools (SWIFT) is a suite of tools for flood and short-term streamflow forecasting, consisting of a collection of hydrologic model components and utilities. Catchments are modeled using conceptual subareas and a node-link structure for channel routing. The tools comprise modules for calibration, model state updating, output error correction, ensemble runs and data assimilation. Given the combinatorial nature of the modelling experiments and the sub-daily time steps typically used for simulations, the volume of model configurations and time series data is substantial and its management is not trivial. SWIFT is currently used mostly for research purposes but has also been used operationally, with intersecting but significantly different requirements. Early versions of SWIFT used mostly ad-hoc text files handled via Fortran code, with limited use of netCDF for time series data. The configuration and data handling modules have since been redesigned. The model configuration now follows a design where the data model is decoupled from the on-disk persistence mechanism. For research purposes the preferred on-disk format is JSON, to leverage numerous software libraries in a variety of languages, while retaining the legacy option of custom tab-separated text formats when it is a preferred access arrangement for the researcher. By decoupling data model and data persistence, it is much easier to interchangeably use for instance relational databases to provide stricter provenance and audit trail capabilities in an operational flood forecasting context. For the time series data, given the volume and required throughput, text based formats are usually inadequate. A schema derived from CF conventions has been designed to efficiently handle time series for SWIFT.

Museu Antônio Parreiras: uma casa para um pintor, uma experiência do olhar

Este trabalho visa mostrar a importância do estreitamento dos laços entre as instituições educacionais e os museus nacionais. Essa relação é fundamental para abertura de horizontes culturais dos alunos enquanto criança ou adolescente, influenciando diretamente na sua formação escolar e em seus valores de patrimônio artístico. Essa importância pôde ser comprovada na pesquisa aplicada aos estudantes do ensino fundamental do IEPIC - Instituto de Educação Professor Ismael Coutinho, em Niterói – RJ, em parceria com o Museu Antônio Parreiras. Apesar do museu ser localizado ao lado da escola, muitos alunos nunca o haviam visitado e nem sabiam da sua existência. As escolas devem contribuir com a criação de projetos que incluam visitas a museus e contatos diretos com obras de arte. Assim como os educadores devem estimular a valorização do patrimônio artístico local, chamando atenção para o conhecimento e preservação do mesmo. Essas experiências representam um assimilar de atitudes que se refletirão positivamente na vida adulta do aluno. Uma relação sólida entre escola e museu permitirá ao aluno uma aprendizagem baseada no diálogo com a obra de arte que incentivará o ato criativo e a procura pela originalidade, bem como o capacitará como agente multiplicador desse saber a colegas de aula, amigos, familiares e à comunidade a que pertence.

O global e o contextual no aprendizado gerencial de multinacionais: uma perspectiva brasileira

The major purpose of this thesis is to verify, from a Brazilian perspective, how global and contextual issues influence the management learning in Multinationals. The management learning derived from the interaction of holding and sidiaries/colligates of Multinational corporation is supposed to be subject to convergent and divergent forces, the former related to global and standardized organizational practices, and the latter, is seen as a social practice subject to cultural and organizational singularities. A model was constructed to relate the dichotomy between the universality of the management practices and technologies and the particularity of the contexts where they operate, to the dichotomy between the singularities in organization and national level. This model is composed of the international, global, managerial and inter-organizational dimensions related, respectively, to the cultural and political diversity; to the universal forces of practices and values; to the managerial capabilities and resources in the organization, consolidated as best practices and to the interaction between holding and subsidiaries and the resulted learning. The combined result of these dimensions influences the knowledge flow and the learning derived from it. The field research was constituted of five cases of internationalized Brazilian firms, with a solid experience in their management systems. The main subjects of this study were executives and ofessionals/managers who respond to the management development. The data were first collected in the headquarters and complemented with visits to subsidiaries/joint ventures in other countries, in loco or with expatriated people who return to Brazil. The central supposition was validated. So, the management learning ¿ is driven by the global capitalism practices and by the global culture where they are immersed, reproducing a hegemonic vision and a common language (global dimension); ¿ incorporates the more propagated and dominant managerial values, although there are some variations when they are applied in the subsidiaries/joint ventures; is the product of the assimilation of international recognized and planned managerial practices, with the acculturation power, although not completely; is the result mainly of the managerial practice in work; is impacted not only by cross-cultural and managerial factors, but also by the business environment of the firm; is given according to the capabilities and resources in the organization, guiding the form of assimilation of practices and technologies, with global application or not (managerial dimension); ¿ is affected by the cross-cultural diversity involving the countries of the holding and the subsidiaries/joint ventures where the firm is and is given as a reproduction of the political context of the holding and subsidiaries countries (international dimension); ¿ faces aligned concurrent institutional pressures between corporate or global systems, practices of other subsidiaries/joint ventures and local practices; is more difficult to reach when there is not permeability between organizational cultures and identities of a Multinational firm; is affected by how much the relationship process across these unities is self-referenced; is facilitated by the construction and improvement of the knowledge network (interorganizational dimension). Finally some contributions of this study are exposed, including extensions of the proposed model and suggestions, recommendations for future research.

Atendimento no Banco Central: uma pesquisa sobre a satisfação dos clientes

A SATISFAÇÃO DO CONSUMIDOR É UMA ÁREA BASTANTE CONHECIDA NAS EMPRESAS PRIVADAS. ESTA PESQUISA PROCURA TRAZER O TEMA PARA UMA ORGANIZAÇÃO GOVERNAMENTAL - O BANCO CENTRAL DO BRASIL. SEU OBJETIVO É VERIFICAR O GRAU DE SATISFAÇÃO DO PÚBLICO COM O SERVIÇO QUE LHE É OFERECIDO NAS CENTRAIS DE ATENDIMENTO DAQUELA INSTITUIÇÃO. INICIALMENTE, DISCUTE A RELAÇÃO ENTRE O ATENDIMENTO AO PÚBLICO EM ÓRGÃOS GOVERNAMENTAIS E O REFINAMENTO DO CONCEITO DE CIDADANIA. A SEGUIR, PROCURA BASES CIENTÍFICAS PARA FUNDAMENTAR A PESQUISA DE CAMPO, NAS LITERATURAS DE SATISFAÇÃO DO CONSUMIDOR E DE QUALIDADE DO SERVIÇO. ALÉM DE DESCREVER O PARADIGMA DE DESCONFORMIDADE, ABORDA A BASE EFETIVA DA SATISFAÇÃO E AS TEORIAS DA ASSIMILAÇÃO, DO CONTRASTE, DE ASSIMILAÇÃO-CONTRASTE, DA EQÜIDADE E DA ATRIBUIÇÃO. SÃO REVISTADAS, TAMBÉM, AS CARACTERÍSTICAS PECULIARES DOS SERVIÇOS E DE SUA QUALIDADE. COM BASE NA TEORIA REVISTA, FOI DESENVOLVIDO UM QUESTIONÁRIO QUE, DEPOIS DE TESTES E APERFEIÇOAMENTOS, SERVIU DE BASE PARA ENTREVISTAS ESTRUTURADAS COM O PÚBLICO DA CENTRAL DE ATENDIMENTO DO BANCO NO RIO DE JANEIRO. OS RESULTADOS SUGEREM UM ELEVADO SENTIMENTO DE SATISFAÇÃO DO PÚBLICO E A PESQUISA É CONCLUÍDA COM ALGUMAS IMPLICAÇÕES PRÁTICAS E SUGESTÕES PARA FUTURAS INVESTIGAÇÕES.

Como se faz um tijucano? Reflexões sobre consumo, identidade e masculinidade em um bairro carioca

The love of cariocas for the city of Rio de Janeiro is widely known. As well as the cariocas, there is another social group, called tijucanos, which the love for the neighborhood is peculiar. The Tijuca zone, known by its tradition and development during the 60¿s, due to his local identity ¿ tijucana, definitely deserves prominence in the ¿wonderful city¿. The people of Tijuca can be known as a ¿personality¿ in Rio, and their habits of consumption seldom exceed the area¿s limits. Enclosure of histories and special characteristics, how to be a tijucano, an adjective that people of Tijuca are proud of, is one of the focus of this present study. To be an unconditional tijucano, who loves to walk around in the neighborhood, in the square, enjoy their lives in famous bars, ended up as a peculiarity in the carioca scenario, together with the people of Ipanema, Barra and many others, that together make Rio de Janeiro a unique city. In spite of the increasing visibility, there are few studies trying to understand the way heterosexual men interact with the world of consumer goods. In view of the great interest and in the contemporary world, the meaning of consumption has increased. The object of the present study is to try to understand how the people from Tijuca use the world of consumer goods to ¿become a man¿, i.e., to construct their male heterosexual identity. This analysis is crucial to investigate the construction of masculine gender identity of the people from Tijuca. The study was based on data gathered through deep interviews with nine men from Tijuca during the month of January 2007. The results have shown that the tijucanos interact with the neighborhood services and locals during the process of construction of gender and local identity. It was possible to notice that there are four differents stages, by means of, people use the world of consumer goods to identify themselves as men from Tijuca. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that it occurs the consumption of specific products and places in strategy to: define masculinity and local identity (when young person), move aside, assimilation, acceptation and reinforcement of that identity.

A influência do líder de projetos na transmissão da cultura em uma organização em rede

Esta dissertação tem como objetivo principal analisar a forma como os líderes de uma organização que alavanca suas atividades com uma estrutura em rede, transmitem a cultura da empresa central junto às empresas periféricas. Pretende-se investigar também se os líderes mudaram o seu papel em função da mudança da arquitetura organizacional no período considerado por alguns autores como pós-moderno. Como o tema cultura é amplo e complexo, optou-se por enfocar aspectos como a transmissão da missão e objetivos organizacionais, além do estilo de gestão predominante e sua influência no gerenciamento de projetos entre os protagonistas dessas diferentes organizações. Utilizou-se, para tanto, uma base teórico-empírica que buscou definir o conceito de cultura através do estudo do universo simbólico; a questão da liderança e sua relação com estruturas e fontes de poder e controle nas organizações; cultura e liderança no contexto brasileiro; e, por último, o conceito de organizações em rede, explorando também os aspectos de gestão, poder e controle esperado nesse tipo de arquitetura organizacional. Esta pesquisa constitui-se num estudo de caso realizado em uma instituição sem fins lucrativos, que desenvolve projetos sociais com foco em educação. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, descritivo e explicativo. O método utilizado para a presente pesquisa foi o método qualitativo. Muitos estudos sobre cultura organizacional privilegiam o enfoque qualitativo de pesquisa, uma vez que um grande número de observações não é passível de quantificação. Utilizou-se a técnica de observação participante e de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, além da análise documental, o que possibilitou uma investigação que envolveu a combinação de descrição com interpretação do conteúdo trazido pelos respondentes em relação aos fenômenos observados. Os dados obtidos e a análise realizada frente à fundamentação teórica, indicam que o líder em uma organização em rede transmite a cultura organizacional com o mesmo discurso dominante das organizações com estruturas tradicionais. Acredita-se que este trabalho despertará interesse da comunidade acadêmica, uma vez que os aspectos culturais são normalmente pesquisados dentro da organização e aqui se ressalta a importância de se analisar o contexto no qual a organização está inserida e o papel que o líder assume na gestão das atividades realizadas por terceiros. Estaria o gestor brasileiro disposto a abrir mão do poder e controle que a posição hierárquica lhe confere para trabalhar em uma relação de igualdade com representantes de outras organizações?