Anti-HIV-1 Activity of Lignans from the Fruits of Schisandra rubriflora

This study investigated the 70% aqueous acetone extract of the fruits of Schisandra rubriflora which led to the isolation of eight lignans, including a new isolate, rubrisandrin C (1), and seven known lignans (2-8). The structure of 1 was established by extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and its absolute stereochemistry was determined by CD spectrum. Compounds 1-5 and 7-8 were evaluated for their anti-HIV-1 activity that showed inhibitory activity on HIV-1(IIIB) induced syncytium formation with EC50 values in the range of 2.26 similar to 20.4 mu g/mL. Compounds 1 and 7 exerted their obvious protection of HIV-1(IIIB) inducted MT-4 host cells lytic effects with a selectivity index of 15.4 and 24.6, respectively.

芒果切叶象(Deporaus marginatus Pascoe)生物学及防治研究

芒果切叶象在云南景谷湿热河谷种植区1年发生7-8代,世代重叠严重,以幼虫在芒果树冠下5-10cm深的表土中越冬。5月中、下旬至7月上、中旬为第1个发生为害高峰期;8月中、下旬至10月上、中旬为第2个发生为害高峰期。降低越冬代和第1代虫口基数,对控制后期发生为害至关重要。综合防治后,3年芒果树、象牙芒果树秋梢为害率分别由53.6%,57.3%降至7.4%,9.7%。

芒果扁喙叶蝉(Idioscopus incertus(Baker))生物学及其综合防治的研究

芒果扁喙叶蝉Idioscopus incertus (Baker)在云南元江干热河谷地区1年发生8-9代,世代重叠严重,以幼虫(若虫)、成虫越冬,越冬态不明显。4月中、下旬至5月上、中旬为第1个发生高峰期,是全年发生危害重、持续时间长的主要高峰期。7月下旬至8月上、中旬为第2个发生危害高峰期,对梢、叶的危害率分别为100%, 96.4%。采用综合防治措施后,其危害率分别降为4.7%,6.2%。

Investigation on water quality in the Ashulia beel, Dhaka

The study was conducted to get an idea about the water quality of the Ashulia beel, and its temporal change over wet and dry seasons due to change of the physicochemical parameters. The water body has become a dumping ground of all kinds of solid, liquid and chemical wastes of bank side population and industries. Encroachment and illegal dredging has become a serious threat for the sound environment of the beel. The water parameters of pH 7.1-7.8 and alkalinity 30-63 mg/l in wet, and pH 7.1-8.4 and alkalinity 90-115 mg/l in dry season, respectively, which were within the standard range of DoE investigation. During wet season, EC 130-310 mg/l, TDS 80-132 mg/l, DO 1.1-2.1 mg/l and BOD -4.4-1.6 mg/l were measured. In dry season, EC 341-442 mg/l, TDS 207-276 mg/l, DO 0.5-2.0 mg/l and BOD 1.0-3.0 mg/l were measured. The comparative analysis showed that most of the water quality parameters of the Ashulia beel were suitable for aquatic organisms including fishes while the DO contents were much lower than the desirable level which may not be suitable for fishes.

猕猴大脑神经元多单位电活动室外记录系统

本发明涉及一种猕猴大脑神经元多单位电活动室外记录系统，属神经电生理学领域。该系统由用螺钉固定在猕猴颅骨表面(17)上的微型记录平台(6)及微型记录平台(6)上的装置、通过电缆(5)连接的手提便携式仪器箱(11)组成；微型记录平台(6)上的装置包括微电极微型推进器(3)、分别与电缆(5)连接的动物行为记录摄像机(1)、微型视频眼动记录仪(2)和微电极放大器(4)；与电缆(5)连接的手提便携式仪器箱(11)包括四分频视信号合成仪(7)、主放大器(8)、八合一神经信号单片机处理系统(9)、8mm磁带记录仪(10)该系统具有可以高效地在室外、野外进行猕猴大脑神经元多单位放电记录的优点，还具有体积小、重量轻、抗干扰性强等优点。

Shrimp culture and the environment

The paper discusses the impacts of shrimp culture to the environment in some countries in Asia. Specifically, it highlights the land requirements suitable for shrimp farming and the impacts of shrimp culture on mangroves. The positive effects of mangroves such as its filtering capacity and as a protective buffer are also discussed.

Go slow, check your technology

The paper presents the outlooks and experiences of veteran shrimp farmers from Negros, west central Philippines after its collapse in the late 1980s due to the luminous bacteria.

肉、奶牛B超活体取卵方法

本发明涉及一种肉、奶牛B超活体取卵方法，属生物技术领域。本方法的吸卵真空泵的压力为50-90mmHg，吸卵液为含0.5-1％,青-链霉素和5-10IU肝素的磷酸缓冲液，洗卵液为含5-12％,BCS的磷酸缓冲液和改良的基础培养液-Hepes液；采卵频率为1次/4天/头；穿刺对象为所有直径≥2mm的卵泡；取1-3级的卵母细胞分装、备用；对7-8岁的供体经产牛按程序注射等量的外源性FSH，总量为30-55μg；对≥14岁的老年牛按程序肌肉注射总量为150-200μg的外源性FSH，以提高卵母细胞发育潜能。本发明的优点在于，从活体可重复、无损伤获取卵母细胞；≥2mm直径卵泡作为穿刺对象和每4天1次的取卵频率保证了卵母细胞的质量和发育同步性；用外源性FSH诱导可提高卵母细胞的发育潜能；本方法的取卵效果佳。

人工智能脑电采集和分析系统

本发明涉及一种人工智能脑电采集和分析系统，属于神经电生理学技术领域。本发明的数据采集系统部分通过安装在计算机上的软件连接电生理信号获取装置来获取电生理信号，电生理信号获取装置由PC机(1)，AD采样板(2)，电生理信号放大器(3)，微电极(4)，磁带记录仪组成(5)；本发明的数据分析系统部分由脑电信号检测组件(6)，脑电信号分类识别组件(7)，脑电信号分析组件(8)组成。本系统通过一个人工神经元网络系统，实验者对其以最小程度的监控，实现脉冲序列的全自动分离。无需预先定义模板或者作复杂的PCA分析，程序可以很快地将脉冲进行分类。尤其适用于大规模的脉冲自动分类。

Effect of organophosphate, diazinon on some immunophysiological, haematological and histological variable of Rutilus frisii kutum (Kamensky,1901)

The acute toxicity and effects of diazinon on some haematological parameters of kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum, Kamensky, 1901) weighing 613.33 g±157.06 g were studied under static water quality conditions at 15°C ± 2ºC in winter and spring 2009. The effective physical and chemical parameters of water were pH= 7-8.2, dh= 300mg/L (caco3), DO= 7 ppm and T= 15°C±2ºC. The first test was primarily to determine the effects of acute toxicity (LC5096 h) of the agricultural toxicant diazinon (emulsion 60%) on kutum male brood stocks. For this purpose, 4 treatments were used to test toxicity; each treatment was repeated in 3 tanks with 9 fish per treatment and with 180 litres water capacity. After obtaining the final results, the information was analysed statistically with Probit version 1.5 (USEPA, 1985), and we determined the LC10, LC50 and LC90 values at 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours and 96 hours; the maximum allowable concentration value (LC5096 h divided by 10) (TRC, 1984); and the degree of toxicity. The second stage of testing consists of four treatments: LC0= 0 as experimental treatment, treatment A with a concentration of LC1= 0.107 mg/L, treatment B with concentration of LC5= 0.157 mg/L, treatment C with concentration of MAC value= 0.04 mg/L. Male brood stocks of kutum were treated with these concentrations for 45 days. Experiments were carried out under static conditions based on the standard TRC, 1984 method over 45 days. Our results show that long-term exposure to diazinon causes a decrease in the erythrocyte count (RBC), haemoglobin (Hb), haematocrit (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), leucocyte count (WBC), lymphocyte, testosterone, iron (Fe), sodium (Na), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and cholinesterase (CHeS). In addition, diazinon also causes an increase in prolymphocyte, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), cholesterol, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and adrenaline (P<0.05). There are no significant effects on monocyte, eosinophil, magnesium (Mg), chloride (Cl), glucose (BS), urea (BUN), uric acid (U.A), triglyceride (TG), calcium (Ca), albumin (Alb), total protein (TP), cortisol, noradrenaline and high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels in kutum male brood stocks (P>0.05). Pathology results showed toxin diazinon no effect on average weight and fish body length, the average weight of heart, brain, spleen, liver, kidney and liver index but caueses decrease of gonad weigth and gonad index and also, cause complications of tissue necrosis, vascular congestion, inflammation in the liver, a sharp reduction in the number of glomeruli, necrosis, vascular congestion and haemorage in the kidney, capsule thickening and fibrosis, atrophy, vascular congestion, macrophages release increased, increasing sediment Hemosiderine and thickening of artery walls in the spleen, atrophy, fibrosis and necrosis in testis , vascular congestion, increased distance between the myocardium and fibrous string in heart and neuronal loss, vascular congestion and edema in the brain of kutum male brood stocks.

年龄和FSH在肉牛活体取卵过程中对卵泡和卵母细胞发育的影响

青年牛(12月龄)和经产牛(7-8岁)平均卵泡数(≥2mm)及>10mm卵泡数明显高于老年牛(≥14岁)(P<0.01)。青年牛和经产牛平均卵母细胞数及平均COC数高于老年牛(P<0.05)。1和2级卵母细胞比例青年牛高于或等于经产牛高于老年牛,3和4级卵母细胞比例老年牛高于经产牛高于或等于青年牛(P<0.05)。青年牛和经产牛2级卵母细胞占优势,而老年牛3级卵母细胞居多。不同剂量外源性FSH诱导后,经产牛和老年牛平均卵泡数在各剂量组之间没有显著差异(P>0.05);但≥6mm卵泡数及2级卵母细胞比例明显增加,而2-5mm卵泡数相应减少及裸卵和老化卵比例降低(P<0.05)。在10次取卵过程中,青年牛和经产牛发情当天平均卵母细胞数均较以后各次的数量低(P<0.05)。

Interactions of dietary levels of protein and energy on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in desert brackish water

A 3x3 factorial experiment was conducted to determine the optimum protein to energy (P/E) ratio for rainbow trout in brackish water. Three crud protein levels and three energy levels at each protein level were utilized. Diets were made in semi-purified that in all of them fish meal, casein and gelatin as the sources of protein and dextrin, starch and oil as the sources of energy were used. Each of experimental diets was fed to triplicate groups of 20 fish with an average individual weight of 81.5 g in 9 2000-1 flow trough fiberglass tanks. During this experiment water temperature, dissolved oxygen, PH and EC were 15±2°C, 6.5-8.1 mg/1, 7.7-8.6 and 25400 grills respectively. The diets were fed at a rate between 1.6-2 wet body weight% per day depended to water temperature in three equal rations and adjusted two weekly for 84 days. At each of protein levels, weight gain percent (%WG), average daily growth percent (%ADG), protein efficiency ratio (PER), apparent net protein utilization percent (%ANPU), or percent of protein deposited, specific growth rate (SGR) and condition factor (CF) were found to increase and food conversion ratio (FCR) was found to decrease with an increasing energy levels from 370 to 430 Kcal/100g. Fish fed a 35% protein, 430 Kcal/100g energy diet with a P/E ratio of 81.4 mg protein/ Kcal PFV energy, attained the best growth performance. Fat and moisture of carcass were affected by protein and energy levels of test diets while protein and ash of carcass were relatively constant in different treatments.

广西岭鳅属鱼类一新种——大鳞岭鳅记述

2008年6月20日,在广西壮族自治环江毛南县大才乡神龙宫(河)采集到一批条鳅标本.经鉴定,这批条鳅为岭鳅属(Oreonectes)一新种.新种大鳞岭鳅(O.macrolepis)属于叉尾岭鳅种组(O. furcocaudalis group).但新种全身被有细密的鳞片;具5～12个侧线孔;眶下管孔3+7,眶上管孔为7～8;体长为尾柄高的7.0-10.8倍;头长为鼻孔处头宽的2.3-2.7倍:头长为最大头宽的1.4-1.8倍.这些特征可将新种与该种组内的其他种类相区分.

广西华缨鱼属鱼类一新种记述

在整理华缨鱼属标本时发现，1993年9月在广西壮族自治区天峨县红水河水系地下河采集到的一批 标本为一个未经发表的新种，新种订名为大眼华缨鱼(＆加c瑚soc^eiz獬胧gnzDp^f^8h邯)。其下咽齿2行，可与 下咽齿3行的7种华缨鱼相区别，而与属内同样具2行下咽齿的贵州华缨鱼(s．肛妇b淝瑚括)、小口华缨鱼 (Js．m幻M幻，抛￡琳)和宽唇华缨鱼(5．z06缸t琳)亲缘关系较近。但：(1)新种胸鳍中点上方无黑斑，背鳍分枝 鳍条7，腹鳍分枝鳍条7，背鳍前鳞15—16，眼大，头长为眼径2．5—3．1倍，眼径为头宽44．7％一57．8％，吻 须后伸至前后鼻孔之间或眼前缘，口角须后伸至眼前缘至眼中之问或眼中至眼后缘之间，体长为尾柄高8．9一 lO．7倍，头长为吻长2．5—3．7倍，可与贵州华缨鱼(胸鳍中点上方有一明显黑斑，背鳍分枝鳍条8，腹鳍分枝 鳍条8，背鳍前鳞12—14，头长为眼径4．O一5．0倍，眼径为头宽16．6％一20．7％，吻须后伸不达后鼻孔后缘， 口角须后伸至眼前缘，体长为尾柄高7．2—8．2倍，头长为吻长1．9—2．2倍)相区别；(2)新种背鳍前鳞15— 16，侧线鳞39～40，侧线上鳞4．5—5．5，背鳍分枝鳍条7，鳃耙13，腹鳍末端伸达肛门，眼径为头宽44．7％一 57．8％，可与宽唇华缨鱼(背鳍前鳞22，侧线鳞42—45，侧线上鳞6．5，背鳍分枝鳍条8，鳃耙10，腹鳍末端 不达肛门，眼径为头宽23．3％一30．O％)相区别；(3)新种与同水系的小口华缨鱼在鳍条数、侧线鳞、体色、 斑纹等方面最为相似，但新种围尾柄鳞14／16，眼大，头长为眼径2．5—3．1倍，腹鳍末端伸达肛门，口角须后 伸至眼前缘至眼中之间或眼中至眼后缘之间，吻皮边缘深裂成小穗，背鳍起点距吻端较距尾鳍基为近，背鳍长 大于头长，体长为尾柄长4．8—5．9倍，头长为吻长2．5—3．7倍，尾柄长为尾柄高1．6—2．1倍，可与之(围尾 柄鳞12，眼小，头为眼径4．4—4．6倍，腹鳍末端不达肛门，口角须伸达眼下方，吻皮边缘不开裂或开裂不明 显，背鳍起点距吻端等于距尾鳍基，背鳍条约等于头长，体长为尾柄长6．1—6．4倍，头长为吻长2，1—2．4倍， 尾柄长为尾柄高1．4—1．5倍)相区别。