设施土壤生态环境特点与调控

论述了设施土壤生态环境的特性主要是土壤养分富集 ,土壤板结 ;土壤酸化、次生盐渍化和连作障碍严重 ;土壤产生有害气体 ;土壤微生物区系变化很大。这些特点主要是盲目大量施肥 ,土壤长期连续利用 ,土壤环境密闭 ,单一化栽培 ,用肥种类不合理及某些化学物质积累造成的。利用生物、农业耕作、地上环境和工程措施调控相结合 ,是调控设施土壤生态环境的有效方法 ,土壤生物学的应用将是改善设施土壤生态环境新的研究方向。

鸭绿江口滨海湿地环境保护及其资源持续利用对策

阐述了鸭绿江滨海湿地生态环境主要类型及其动植物资源现状、主要生态环境问题及其产生原因 ;提出了鸭绿江口滨海湿地环境保护及其资源持续利用对策

气候变化研究中若干不确定性的认识问题

气候变化研究已取得重要进展,但很多研究结果存在不确定性。本文选择对气候变化研究有重要意义但已有的研究结果存在不确定性的几个方面进行综述,包括过去两千年气候变化的状况(中世纪暖期和小冰期是否存在、20世纪温暖程度是否为过去千年最大、20世纪增温趋势是否停止)、温室效应(对温室效应机理的不同认识、温室气体排放与气温变化的关系、水汽对温室效应及增温的贡献)、气候模式模拟(模拟与实测结果的比较、模式本身的缺陷)以及2℃阈值(来源及其物理意义、对2℃阈值的不同认识)等问题。气候系统变化的复杂性决定了人类对气候变化问

湘西多金属矿区汞铅污染土壤的环境质量

以湘西典型多金属矿区为现场,研究了矿区土壤中汞、铅等重金属污染状况及成因.结果表明,湘西矿区是汞、铅污染严重的区域,与中国土壤元素背景值相比,汞矿区土壤中汞、铅含量分别增加1315倍和3.1倍,铅锌矿区土壤中汞、铅含量分别增加14.8倍和16.1倍.运用Muller地积指数进行风险评价,证实湘西矿区是汞、铅等重金属的复合污染区,汞矿区汞污染以极重污染为主,铅污染以中度和轻污染为主;铅锌矿区铅污染以中度和中-重污染为主,汞污染以中-重污染为主.矿区土壤中的重金属污染物来源和分布受原生地球化学条件的控制,而人为采矿活动对矿区土壤中汞、铅的污染格局产生重要影响.

内蒙古陈巴尔虎旗饮茶型氟铝联合中毒调查

目的查明内蒙古陈巴尔虎旗饮茶型氟、铝联合中毒原因。方法在陈巴尔虎旗3个牧区嘎查随机抽取93名20~50岁牧民进行发、血清、尿含氟、铝水平测定,并拍摄前臂、小腿、骨盆正位及腰椎正侧位X线片,同时检测饮水、牛奶、砖茶等氟和铝水平,以扎兰屯市地方病防治研究所的34名23~50岁职工为对照组。结果陈巴尔虎旗牧民发、血清、尿及饮用的奶茶含铝量分别是(22.34±8.06)mg/kg、(1.13±0.48)mg/L、(3.78±1.62)mg/L、(6.02±1.77)mg/L,含氟量分别是(1.21±0.63)mg/kg、(0.092±0.042)mg/L、(2.08±1.16)mg/L、(3.00±1.11)mg/L,饮水、牛奶含铝量分别是(39±16)μg/L、(0.553±0.179)mg/L,含氟量分别是(0.50±0.39)、(0.063±0.032)mg/L;对照组发、血清、尿铝分别是(5.80±2.14)mg/kg,(0.203±0.101)mg/L、(2.19±1.34)mg/L,含氟量分别是(1.17±0.68)mg/kg、(0.033±0.008)mg/L、(0.57±0.32)mg/L,牧民发、血清、尿铝及血清、尿氟均高于对照组(P<0.001)。牧民X线改变硬化型22.2%(20/88),疏松型37.5%(33/88),退行性变86.4%(79/88),对照组退行性变13.3%(4/30),其余改变未检出。结论陈巴尔虎旗牧区饮茶型氟中毒实际为饮茶型氟、铝联合中毒。

毛细管电泳及液相色谱法研究黄连黄芩配伍过程化学成分的变化

对黄连与黄芩的不同比例配伍进行定量研究。黄连与黄芩按6∶1、6∶4、6∶7、6∶10、6∶13比例配伍,采用高效毛细管电泳法测定了黄连单煎液、黄连黄芩共煎液中生物碱的含量;采用高效液相色谱法测定了黄芩单煎液、黄连黄芩共煎液中黄酮的含量。结果显示,黄连黄芩共煎产生沉淀,使有效成分的含量降低。

Relationship between charge transfer energies of Yb3+ and Sm3+ and crystal environmental factor

Relationship between charge transfer energies E-CT of Yb3+ and Sm3+ and environmental factors h(e) in various crystals was investigated using a dielectric chemical bond method. Both results show that they have an exponential relation E-CT = A+B exp(-kh(e)), but the exponential factors are different, which indicates that the interaction between the rare earth ions and environment is connected with the kind of rare earth ion. This result provides a method of determining charge transfer energies of Yb3+ and Sm3+ from a crystal structure.

Synthesis and characterization of novel sulfonated poly(arylene ether ketone) copolymers with pendant carboxylic acid groups for proton exchange membranes

A series of novel side-chain-type sulfonated poly(arylene ether ketone)s with pendant carboxylic acid groups copolymers (C-SPAEKs) were synthesized by direct copolymerization of sodium 5,5'-carbonyl-bis(2-fluorobenzenesulfonate), 4,4'-difluorobenzophenone and 4,4'-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) valeric acid (DPA). The expected structure of the sulfonated copolymers was confirmed by FT-IR and H-1 NMR. Membranes with good thermal and mechanical stability could be obtained by solvent cast process. It should be noted that the proton conductivity of these copolymers with high sulfonation degree (DS > 0.6) was higher than 0.03 S cm(-1) and increased with increasing temperature. At 80 degrees C, the conductivity of C-SPAEK-3 (DS = 0.6) and C-SPAEK-4 (DS = 0.8) reached up to 0.12 and 0.16 S cm-1, respectively, which were higher than that of Nafion 117 (0.10 S cm(-1)).

毛细管电泳及液相色谱法研究黄连黄芩配伍过程化学成分的变化

对黄连与黄芩的不同比例配伍进行定量研究。黄连与黄芩按6:1、6:4、6:7、6:10、6:13比例配伍,采用高效毛细管电泳法测定了黄连单煎液、黄连黄芩共煎液中生物碱的含量;采用高效液相色谱法测定了黄芩单煎液、黄连黄芩共煎液中黄酮的含量。结果显示,黄连黄芩共煎产生沉淀,使有效成分的含量降低。

Kinetic study of DNA/DNA hybridization with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

The hybridization of immobilized oligonucleotides probe strands with solution phase targets is the underlying principle of microarraybased techniques for the analysis of DNA variation. To study the kinetics of DNA/DNA hybridization, target DNA is often prior labeled with markers. A label-free method of electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) for study the hybridization in process was reported. The Langmuir model was used to determine the association rate constant (K-on), the dissociation rate constant (K-off) and the affinity rate constant (K-A), for perfect matched DNA hybridization. The results show that, EIS is a successful technique possessing high effectivity and sensitivity to study DNA/DNA hybridization kinetics. This work can provide another view on EIS for the studying of DNA/DNA hybridization.

Time-dependent DNA condensation induced by amyloid beta-peptide

The major protein component of the amyloid deposition in Alzheimer's disease is a 39-43 residue peptide, amyloid beta (A beta). A beta is toxic to neurons, although the mechanism of neurodegeneration is uncertain. Evidence exists for non-B DNA conformation in the hippocampus of Alzheimer's disease brains, and A beta was reportedly able to transform DNA conformation in vitro. In this study, we found that DNA conformation was altered in the presence of A beta, and A beta induced DNA condensation in a time-dependent manner. Furthermore, A beta sheets, serving as condensation nuclei, were crucial for DNA condensation, and Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions inhibited A beta sheet-induced DNA condensation. Our results suggest DNA condensation as a mechanism of A beta toxicity.

Isothermal crystallization kinetics of iPP during self-nucleation process

In this paper, the isothermal crystallization kinetics of polypropylene (iPP) during self-nucleation was studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). The iPP was melted at 438 K and then isothermally crystallized in the range of temperature between 421 and 425 K. The mechanism of nucleation and growth of iPP was discussed. The Avrami equation was applied to analyzing the process of isothermal crystallization of iPP from the melt. The average value of Avrami exponent is n=3.01, suggesting that the primary crystallization maybe corresponds to three-dimensional spherulitic growth. The K-g value obtained from Lauritzen-Hoffman equation is 1.128 X 10(5) K-2, which suggests that crystallization species should be regime I. The decrease of crystallization active energy and chain folding work indicates that the self-nucleation can greatly promote the overall crystallization of iPP.