Recommendations for term and late preterm infants at risk for perinatal bacterial infection.

Since publication of the initial guidelines for the prevention of group B streptococcal disease in 1996, the incidence of perinatal infection has decreased significantly. Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis together with appropriate management of neonates at increased risk for early-onset sepsis not only reduces morbidity and mortality, but also decreases the burden of unnecessary or prolonged antibiotic therapy. This article provides healthcare workers in Switzerland with evidence-based and best-practice derived guidelines for the assessment and management of term and late preterm infants (>34 weeks) at increased risk for perinatal bacterial infection. Management of neonates at increased risk for early-onset sepsis depends on clinical presentation and risk factors. Asymptomatic infants with risk factors for early-onset sepsis should be observed closely in an inpatient setting for the first 48 hours of life. Symptomatic neonates must be treated promptly with intravenous antibiotics. As clinical and laboratory signs of neonatal infection are nonspecific, it is mandatory to reevaluate the need for continued antibiotic therapy after 48 hours.

High-performance liquid chromatography of the renal blood flow marker p-aminohippuric acid (PAH) and its metabolite N-acetyl PAH improves PAH clearance measurements.

PAH (N-(4-aminobenzoyl)glycin) clearance measurements have been used for 50 years in clinical research for the determination of renal plasma flow. The quantitation of PAH in plasma or urine is generally performed by colorimetric method after diazotation reaction but the measurements must be corrected for the unspecific residual response observed in blank plasma. We have developed a HPLC method to specifically determine PAH and its metabolite NAc-PAH using a gradient elution ion-pair reversed-phase chromatography with UV detection at 273 and 265 nm, respectively. The separations were performed at room temperature on a ChromCart (125 mmx4 mm I.D.) Nucleosil 100-5 microm C18AB cartridge column, using a gradient elution of MeOH-buffer pH 3.9 1:99-->15:85 over 15 min. The pH 3.9 buffered aqueous solution consisted in a mixture of 375 ml sodium citrate-citric acid solution (21.01 g citric acid and 8.0 g NaOH per liter), added up with 2.7 ml H3PO4 85%, 1.0 g of sodium heptanesulfonate and completed ad 1000 ml with ultrapure water. The N-acetyltransferase activity does not seem to notably affect PAH clearances, although NAc-PAH represents 10.2+/-2.7% of PAH excreted unchanged in 12 healthy subjects. The performance of the HPLC and the colorimetric method have been compared using urine and plasma samples collected from healthy volunteers. Good correlations (r=0.94 and 0.97, for plasma and urine, respectively) are found between the results obtained with both techniques. However, the colorimetric method gives higher concentrations of PAH in urine and lower concentrations in plasma than those determined by HPLC. Hence, both renal (ClR) and systemic (Cls) clearances are systematically higher (35.1 and 17.8%, respectively) with the colorimetric method. The fraction of PAH excreted by the kidney ClR/ClS calculated from HPLC data (n=143) is, as expected, always <1 (mean=0.73+/-0.11), whereas the colorimetric method gives a mean extraction ratio of 0.87+/-0.13 implying some unphysiological values (>1). In conclusion, HPLC not only enables the simultaneous quantitation of PAH and NAc-PAH, but may also provide more accurate and precise PAH clearance measurements.

Características pós-colheita de frutos de genótipos de bananeira (Musa spp.)

O conhecimento das características pós-colheita de novos híbridos de bananeira é uma importante informação que auxilia o melhorista em sua tomada de decisão. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar genótipos de bananeira com relação às características de pós-colheita e resistência ao desprendimento do fruto. Foram utilizados frutos da segunda penca de 16 híbridos (Calipso, Bucaneiro, Ambrosia, YB42-21, PV42-53, PV42-68, PV42-81, PV42-85, PV42-129, PV42-142, PV42-143, ST12-31, ST42-08, PV03-44, FHIA-03 e SH 3640) e quatro cultivares (Pacovan, Prata Comum, Nam e Figue Pomme Naine), que foram avaliadas quanto ao peso, comprimento, circunferência, relação polpa/casca, resistência ao desprendimento, firmeza, sólidos solúveis totais (SST), acidez total titulável (ATT), relação SST/ATT e tempo de amadurecimento. Empregou-se um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições para todas as características, exceto para a firmeza do fruto em que se utilizaram dez repetições. A unidade experimental foi constituída de um único fruto. Os dados foram submetidos à analise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo Teste Scott & Knott, a 5% de probabilidade. A cultivar Nam apresentou a menor acidez titulável e a maior relação SST/ATT, enquanto a maior firmeza do fruto foi apresentada pelos híbridos PV42-81 e PV42-53. Os frutos mais pesados foram do híbrido SH 3640, e os mais compridos foram dos híbridos Bucaneiro e PV42-81. Os híbridos PV42-85 e ST42-08 apresentaram maior resistência ao desprendimento, não diferindo da 'Pacovan'. No entanto, superaram a 'Prata Comum', que obteve a menor resistência. Os genótipos 'Nam', PV42-143 e PV42-129 apresentaram maior tempo de maturação após a colheita quando comparados, principalmente, à 'Prata Comum'. A 'Nam' deve ser considerada como uma nova alternativa na produção de banana. O SH3640, híbrido da Prata Anã, pode ser recomendado como nova cultivar. Os híbridos da Prata São Tomé (ST42-08) e Pacovan (PV42-85, PV42-81, PV42-68, PV42-53, PV42-129 e PV42-143) podem substituir as cultivares Prata Comum e Pacovan nos sitemas produção.

Dictionnaire françois-latin : autrement dict les mots françois, avec les manières duser diceulx, tournez en latin... ([Reprod.]) / [R. Estienne]

[Dictionnaire français-latin (français moyen-latin). 1542 fac-sim.]

How Social Dominance Orientation affects union participation: The role of union identification and perceived union instrumentality

Bridging social dominance theory and labour studies, this field study investigated the mechanisms underpinning the relationship between rejection of group-based domination and participation in union activities. Respondents (N = 135) were members of a public sector union in California, that is, a hierarchy-attenuating institution. Results revealed that union identification mediated the negative relationship between social dominance orientation and active union participation. Moreover, the mediational effect of union identification was moderated by perceived union instrumentality (i.e. outcome- and process-based benefits afforded by the union), indicating that the relationship between union identification and participation was stronger among those union members who consider that the union affects workplace justice. The findings reveal the importance of both identity-based and instrumental motivations underlying union participation. The novelty of applying social dominance theory to union behaviour is underscored.

Associated anomalies in multi-malformed infants with cleft lip and palate: An epidemiologic study of nearly 6 million births in 23 EUROCAT registries.

We studied 5,449 cases of cleft lip (CL) with or without cleft palate (CL/P) identified between 1980 and 2000 from the EUROCAT network of 23 registers (nearly 6 million births) in 14 European countries. We investigated specific types of defects associated with clefts. Among CL/P cases (prevalence = 9.1 per 10,000), 1,996 (36.6%) affected only the lip (CL) and 3,453 (63.4%) involved CL and palate (CLP). A total of 3,860 CL/P cases (70.8%) occurred as isolated anomalies and 1,589 (29.2%) were associated with other defects such as multiple congenital anomalies of unknown origin (970), chromosomal (455) and recognized syndromes (164). Associated malformations were more frequent in infants who had CLP (34.0%) than in infants with CL only (20.8%). Among multi-malformed infants, 2 unrelated anomalies were found in 351 cases, 3 in 242 cases, and 4 or more in 377 cases. Among 5,449 CL/P cases, 4,719 were live births (LB) (86.6%), 203 stillbirths (SB) (3.7%), while 508 (9.3%) were terminations of pregnancy (ToP). CL/P occurred significantly more frequently in males (M/F = 1.70), especially among total isolated cases (M/F = 1.87) and CLP isolated cases (M/F = 1.92). The study confirmed that musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and central nervous system defects are frequently associated with CL/P. An association with reduction anomalies of the brain was found. This association suggests that clinicians should seek to identify structural brain anomalies in these patients with CL/P as the potential functional consequences may be important for rehabilitation and clinical management.

Els usos de l'electricitat a l'Exposició Internacional de Barcelona de 1929

Aquest treball pretén explorar la relació entre l’electricitat i l’Exposició Internacional de Barcelona de 1929, reconeguda internacionalment pels seus jocs d’aigua i llum. El treball s’estructura en quatre parts. En primer lloc, una contextualització història de la relació de l’electricitat i les exposicions universals, en segon lloc, una aproximació d’aquesta relació al cas de Barcelona. Seguidament s’incorpora la descripció de les instal•lacions elèctriques i d’espectacle instal•lat a l’Exposició. I finalment, visitarem l’exposició amb els ulls dels públics de la mateixa, veient els espectacles i entrant als pavellons que mostraven tecnologies elèctriques.

Naturaleza del héroe en las novelas de capa y espada (Le Bossu de Paul Féval)

Penetrar en el mundo de las novelas de capa y espada significa franquear el umbral del mundo encarnado de los cuentos de hadas en dónde el héroe y la heroína conservan todas sus características fundamentales, aquellas que les convierten en modelos utópicos del deseo y del ensueño. Le Bossu realiza además la fusión clara con el cuento de hadas al final de la primera partecuando astucia y maldad se unen paraproporcionar a la heredera de Nevers su entrada en el mundo que le corresponde por derecho de nacimiento. Como una nueva Cenicienta, Aurore recibirá de manos de su padastro con el beneplácito de Lagardére las más preciosas galas para asistir al baile del Regente, consagración del banquero Law. Cuento, realidad, ensoñación maravillosa, todos esos elementos se conjugan para estallar en el brillante dominó rosa que lucirá Aurore en el baile constituyendo el punto álgido de su destino. A partir de ese momento, Aurore perderá la inocencia y ya no le será permitido ignorar la lucha por la felicidad. Como Cenicienta, igual que Cenicienta tendrá que luchar con todas sus fuerzas paraque su príncipe pueda calzarle el zapato de cristal de la felicidad. A lo largo de todo el siglo xx el modelo de las novelas de capa y espada se repite. Como indiscutible padre del género debe de reconocerse a Alexandre Dumas con Les Trois Mousquetaires, publicada en 1844. En otras muchas de sus novelas reproducirá los elementos que le hicieron célebre aunque no supere a esta que se convierte en paradigmática. Paul Féval publica, a la sombra de Dumas, ello es evidente, Le Bossu en 1857. En los inicios del siglo xx, la novela de capa y espada encuentra un nuevo defensor, que cierra magníficamente el ciclo. Nos referimos a Michel Zévaco con Les Pordaillan. Situado en medio de Dumas y de Zévaco, Le Bos»u con su protagonista principal, Henri de Lagard6re, nos ofrece todos los elementos indispensables para el análisis del héroe en este tipo de creaciones.

Geografías familiares bajo la dictadura franquista: exilio, clandestinidad, prisión

Este texto ahonda en las geografías políticas, sociales y familiares de Aurèlia Pijoan, la primera mujer que, médico de profesión, ha accedido a un cargo de representación municipal en Lleida. Casada con Luis Pérez García-Lago –secretario general del PSUC y la UGT en la Lleida de los años trenta y posteriormente máximo responsable del partido en el exilio mejicano-, continuó su compromiso a través de la Unión de Mujeres Españolas de México de la que llegó a convertirse en secretaria general. El artículo pretende, a la vez que reflexionar sobre el diálogo que se establece entre recuerdo y olvido, hacer visible la historia de los sin historia a partir de un centro de gravedad concreto, puesto que los itinerarios personales y familiares de Aurèlia Pijoan permiten recorrer las diversas caras del universo represivo franquista: exilio,clandestinidad y prisión.

Un balance del tren de alta velocidad en Francia. Enseñanzas para el caso esapañol

La reivindicación del tren de alta velocidad por parte de un número amplio y creciente de ciudades en España, aconseja una reflexión sobre qué se puede realmente esperar de este servicio para estimular el tejido económico local. Nuestra referencia será el TGV de París a Lyon, el más antiguo en Europa, con sus posteriores ampliaciones al sur. De su estudio se puede deducir que su repercusión ha resultado muy modesta como agente dinamizador de la actividad económica local y regional. En el AVE se apunta efectivamente la misma situación, a tener por tanto muy en cuenta en el diseño del nuevo trazado y en las medidas de acompañamiento para rentabilizarlo.

Seedling development and biomass as affected by seed size and morphology in durum wheat

This work evaluated the effect of seed size and morphology on the development and biomass of durum wheat seedlings. Three different seed-grading sizes selected by sieving were used in glasshouse experiments, and a set of three developmental and 23 biomass-related indices were measured on eight genotypes, at two moisture levels. The influence of seed size on seedling development was studied at high and low temperatures (22\12 mC, and 15\5 mC day\night temperatures, respectively), in growth chambers. The area of the seed and the area of the embryo were the seed morphological traits most affected by seed size. Seed size was strongly associated with seedling development and seedling biomass until the complete extension of the first two leaves, at the fourth leaf stage. The rate of first-leaf growth and the area of the first leaf were the developmental and biomass traits, respectively, most sensitive to seed-grading size.

Live trapping design for the harvest mouse (Micromys minutus) in its summer habitat

documented accurately since 1960. Most records are based on nest findings and there have been few direct observations or captures, mainly because live trapping of this species is not simple. Therefore, an efficient trapping technique is needed for population studies and to facilitate the management of its habitat. By combining the methods used to capture very small (Suncus etruscus) and climbing (Muscardinus avellanarius) mammals, we developed a design using Longworth traps with mouse excluders set on suspended platforms. This allowed us to trap more harvest mice in four field sessions of 60 trap-nights than have ever been caught previously since its discovery in Switzerland.

Building a usable and accessible semantic web interaction platform

Semantic Web applications take off is being slower than expected, at least with respect to “real-world” applications and users. One of the main reasons for this lack of adoption is that most Semantic Web user interfaces are still immature from the usability and accessibility points of view. This is due to the novelty of these technologies, but this also motivates the exploration of alternative interaction paradigms, different from the “traditional” Web or Desktop applications ones. Our proposal is realized in the Rhizomer platform, which explores the possibilities of the object–action interaction paradigm at the Web scale. This paradigm is well suited for heterogeneous resource spaces such as those common in the Semantic Web. Resources, described by metadata, correspond to the objects in the paradigm. Semantic web services, which are dynamically associated to these objects, correspond to the actions. The platform is being put into practice in the context of a research project in order to build an open application for media distribution based on Semantic Web technologies. Moreover, its usability and accessibility have been evaluated in this real setting and compared to similar systems.