Chirurgie [Surgery].

The evolution of visceral surgery is characterized by defining with ever increasing precision the real role of new techniques. Hernia repair, abdominal compartment syndrome, pancreatic and colorectal cancers, as well as haemorrhoids, confirm this reality. Although laparoscopy has clear indications in hernia repairs, many still prefer open approach. The abdominal compartment syndrome, now better understood thanks to laparoscopy, is increasingly important in intensive care. The role of laparoscopy for pancreatic and colorectal cancers is still limited. The development of minimally invasive techniques has led to a reduced morbidity of surgery for haemorrhoids and better results. The economic impact of new technologies must remain a primary concern.

Cartas promedio de temperatura superficial del mar en setiembre y octubre de 1972

Presenta información sobre la temperatura superficial del mar que se caracteriza por presentar aguas de origen subtropical que influye en el comportamiento del ambiente marino del litoral peruano.

Licorice-induced hypertension and common variants of genes regulating renal sodium reabsorption.

AIM: To study if gene alterations affecting renal sodium reabsorption associate with susceptibility to licorice-induced hypertension.METHODS: Finnish subjects (n = 30) with a previously documented incident of licorice-induced hypertension were recruited for the study using a newspaper announcement. Their previous clinical and family histories as well as serum electrolyte levels were examined. DNA samples from all individuals were screened for variants of the genes encoding 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11betaHSD2) and alpha-, beta-, and gamma-subunits of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC).RESULTS: Upon licorice predisposition, the patients had a mean blood pressure of 201/118 mmHg. Circulating potassium, renin, and aldosterone levels were low. No significant DNA variations were identified in the 11betaHSD2 gene. Four subjects were heterozygous for beta- and gammaENaC variants previously shown to be associated with hypertension. Furthermore, a novel G insertion (2004-2005insG) in the SCNN1A gene encoding the alphaENaC was identified in two subjects. The frequency of these ENaC variants was significantly higher in subjects with licorice-induced hypertension (6/30 i.e. 20%) than in blood donors (11/301 i.e. 3.7%, P = 0.002).CONCLUSIONS: Defects of the 11betaHSD2 gene do not constitute a likely cause for licorice-induced hypertension. Variants of the ENaC subunits may render some individuals sensitive to licorice-induced metabolic alterations and hypertension.

Población y abundancia de la merluza peruana estudiada por el método de área barrida en otoño 2003: Crucero BIC Olaya 0305-06

El informe corresponde a la evaluación de la merluza peruana por el método de área barrida, desde Puerto Pizarro al sur de Punta Malabrigo, entre el 4 al 18 de junio 2003. Se evaluó la recuperación del recurso después de casi nueve meses de suspensión de pesca comercial. Los resultados más importantes fueron: (1) Incremento de la densidad poblacional a profundidades entre 100 y 200 m en las subáreas B (4-5°S, con 36,53 t/mn2) y D (6-7°S, con 118 t/mn2); (2) La biomasa total llegó a 168.000 t, cifra mayor a las del verano 2003 y otoño 2002; (3) Incremento del stock desovante hasta 77.000 t, pero menor a la cantidad mínima requerida para garantizar su renovación y sustentabilidad en el tiempo; (4) La estructura poblacional conformada por ejemplares de 9 a 60 cm de LT, tamaños modales en 12, 19 y 29 cm de LT, y edades de 0 a 7 años con predominio de ejemplares jóvenes de uno (69%) y dos años de edad (24%), que evidenció buen reclutamiento en otoño.

Biomassa microbiana e sua atividade em solos sob diferentes sistemas de preparo e sucessão de culturas

Foi avaliada a biomassa microbiana e sua atividade, em solo submetido às sucessões de culturas trigo/soja e trigo/milho, preparado pelo sistema convencional e em plantio direto. A avaliação foi realizada em um experimento realizado em um Latossolo Roxo desde 1976 na Estação Experimental do Instituto Agronômico do Paraná-IAPAR, em Londrina (PR). Foram coletadas amostras na profundidade de 0-15 cm, dez dias após o plantio e sete dias antes da colheita da cultura de verão e de inverno dos anos de 1992, 1993 e 1994. Avaliaram-se a respiracão basal do solo e o carbono da biomassa microbiana pelo método de fumigação-incubação; o nitrogênio da biomassa microbiana, pelo método da fumigação-extração, o quociente metabólico e a relação Cmic/Corg dos solos. Houve poucas diferenças significativas nos parâmetros avaliados, em função das diferentes sucessões de culturas. As parcelas sob plantio direto apresentaram incrementos de 118 e 101% no carbono e nitrogênio da biomassa microbiana, respectivamente, de 73% na respiração basal e de 96% na relação Cmic/Corg, enquanto houve um decréscimo de 28% no quociente metabólico (qCO2). Os dados obtidos evidenciam que a prática do plantio direto proporciona maior biomassa microbiana e menor perda relativa de C via respiração, podendo determinar, assim, maior acúmulo de C no solo a longo prazo. Conseqüentemente, os parâmetros microbiológicos mostraram-se bons indicadores de alterações do solo em função do manejo.

Plan de mejora de la producción de las algas pardas en el sur del Perú 2011-2015

El objetivo para el desarrollo de este Capítulo es facilitar las actividades de capacitación, haciendo disponible el material adecuado y las modalidades de instrucción objetivas, directas e ilustrativas, para el entendimiento del capacitado; en este caso, el pescador artesanal dedicado a la extracción y/o recolección de algas marinas. La información analizada y plasmada en el presente documento, es producto del análisis de la información recopilada in situ y provistas por los agentes pesqueros que laboran actualmente en la producción de algas. De manera general, se consideran aspectos relacionados en la explotación de las algas y su producción actual, como argumento previo para el análisis y presentación de los sistemas mejorados de secado y molido de algas, que en muchos casos pueden ser aplicados por los pescadores. Asimismo, se describen alcances en Buenas Prácticas de Manufactura (BPM), de seguridad en el trabajo y en la implementación de una planta de molido.

El algodón y los abonos

Investiga el rendimiento en la producción del algodón utilizando abono natural para aumentar las cantidades en la cosecha. Proporciona datos para el agricultor en la utilización de los abonos comerciales para una posterior alza en los precios del producto conservando la calidad y el peso.

Low density polyethylene (LDPE) passive samplers for the investigation of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) point sources in rivers

This study aims to provide a passive sampling approach which can be routinely used to investigate polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) sources in rivers. The approach consists of deploying low density polyethylene (LDPE) strips downstream and upstream of potential PCB sources as well as in their water discharges. Concentrations of indicator PCBs (iPCBs) absorbed in samplers (Cs) from upstream and downstream sites are compared with each other to reveal increases of PCB levels. Cs measured in water discharges are used to determine if released amounts of PCBs are compatible with increases revealed in the river. As water velocity can greatly vary along a river stretch and influences the uptake at each site in a different way, differences in velocity have to be taken into account to correctly interpret Cs. LDPE strips were exposed to velocities between 1.6 and 37 cm s−1 using a channel system built in the field. Relationships between velocity and Cs were established for each iPCB to determine the expected change in Cs due to velocity variations. For PCBs 28 and 52, this change does not exceed a factor 2 for velocity variations in the range from 1.6 to 100 cm s−1 (extrapolated data above 37 cm s−1). For PCBs 101, 138, 153 and 180, this change only exceeds a factor 2 in the case of large velocity variations. The approach was applied in the Swiss river Venoge to first conduct a primary investigation of potential PCB sources and then conduct thorough investigations of two suspected sources.