Processing and mechanical properties evaluation of glass fiber-reinforced PTFE laminates

A specific manufacturing process to obtain continuous glass fiber-reinforced RIFE laminates was studied and some of their mechanical properties were evaluated. Young's modulus and maximum strength were measured by three-point bending test and tensile test using the Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique. Adhesion tests, thermal analysis and microscopy were used to evaluate the fiber-matrix adhesion, which is very dependent on the sintering time. The composite material obtained had a Young's modulus of 14.2 GPa and ultimate strength of 165 MPa, which corresponds to approximately 24 times the modulus and six times the ultimate strength of pure RIFE. These results show that the RIFE composite, manufactured under specific conditions, has great potential to provide structural parts with a performance suitable for application in structural components. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

An overview of biodiesel soil pollution: Data based on cytotoxicity and genotoxicity assessments

Biodiesel production has received considerable attention in the recent past as a nonpolluting fuel. However, this assertion has been based on its biodegradability and reduction in exhaust emissions. Assessments of water and soil biodiesel pollution are still limited. Spill simulation with biodiesel and their diesel blends in soils were carried out, aiming at analyzing their cytotoxic and genotoxic potentials. While the cytotoxicity observed may be related to diesel contaminants, the genotoxic and mutagenic effects can be ascribed to biodiesel pollutants. Thus, taking into account that our data stressed harmful effects on organisms exposed to biodiesel-polluted soils, the designation of this biofuel as an environmental-friendly fuel should be carefully reviewed to assure environmental quality. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Experimental analyses of the poly(vinyl chloride) foams' mechanical anisotropic behavior

Assessing a full set of mechanical properties is a rather complicate task in the case of foams, especially if material models must be calibrated with these results. Many issues, for example anisotropy and heterogeneity, influence the mechanical behavior. This article shows through experimental analyses how the microstructure affects different experimental setups and it also quantifies the degree of anisotropy of a poly(vinyl chloride) foam. Monotonic and cyclic experimental tests were carried out using standard compression specimens and non-standard tensile specimens. Results are complemented and compared with the aid of a digital image correlation technique and scanning electron microscopy analyses. Mechanical properties (e.g., elastic and plastic Poisson's ratios) are evaluated for compression and tensile tests, for two different material directions (normal and in-plane). The material is found to be transversely isotropic. Differences in the results of the mechanical properties can be as high as 100%, or even more depending on the technique used and the loading direction. Also, the experimental analyses show how the material's microstructure behavior, like the evolution of the herein identified yield fronts and a spring back phenomenon, can influence the phenomenological response and the failure mechanisms as well as the hardening curves. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 52:2654-2663, 2012. (C) 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers

Complete fusion enhancement and suppression of weakly bound nuclei at near barrier energies

We consider the influence of breakup channels on the complete fusion of weakly bound systems in terms of dynamic polarization potentials. It is argued that the enhancement of the cross section at sub-barrier energies may be consistent with recent experimental observations that nucleon transfer, often leading to breakup, is dominant compared to direct breakup. The main trends of the experimental complete fusion cross sections are analyzed in the framework of the DPP approach. The qualitative conclusions are supported by CDCC calculations including a sequential breakup channel, the one neutron stripping of Li-7 followed by the breakup of Li-6.

Genotoxicity assessment of water soluble fractions of biodiesel and its diesel blends using the Salmonella assay and the in vitro MicroFlow (R) kit (Litron) assay

The designation of biodiesel as an environmental-friendly alternative to diesel oil has improved its commercialization and use. However, most biodiesel environmental safety studies refer to air pollution and so far there have been very few literature data about its impacts upon other biotic systems, e.g. water, and exposed organisms. Spill simulations in water were carried out with neat diesel and biodiesel and their blends aiming at assessing their genotoxic potentials should there be contaminations of water systems. The water soluble fractions (WSF) from the spill simulations were submitted to solid phase extraction with C-18 cartridge and the extracts obtained were evaluated carrying out genotoxic and mutagenic bioassays [the Salmonella assay and the in vitro MicroFlow (R) kit (Litron) assay]. Mutagenic and genotoxic effects were observed, respectively, in the Salmonella/microsome preincubation assay and the in vitro MN test carried out with the biodiesel WSF. This interesting result may be related to the presence of pollutants in biodiesel derived from the raw material source used in its production chain. The data showed that care while using biodiesel should be taken to avoid harmful effects on living organisms in cases of water pollution. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Global gene expression profiling of oral cavity cancers suggests molecular heterogeneity within anatomic subsites

Abstract Background Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a frequent neoplasm, which is usually aggressive and has unpredictable biological behavior and unfavorable prognosis. The comprehension of the molecular basis of this variability should lead to the development of targeted therapies as well as to improvements in specificity and sensitivity of diagnosis. Results Samples of primary OSCCs and their corresponding surgical margins were obtained from male patients during surgery and their gene expression profiles were screened using whole-genome microarray technology. Hierarchical clustering and Principal Components Analysis were used for data visualization and One-way Analysis of Variance was used to identify differentially expressed genes. Samples clustered mostly according to disease subsite, suggesting molecular heterogeneity within tumor stages. In order to corroborate our results, two publicly available datasets of microarray experiments were assessed. We found significant molecular differences between OSCC anatomic subsites concerning groups of genes presently or potentially important for drug development, including mRNA processing, cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis, metabolic process, cell cycle and apoptosis. Conclusion Our results corroborate literature data on molecular heterogeneity of OSCCs. Differences between disease subsites and among samples belonging to the same TNM class highlight the importance of gene expression-based classification and challenge the development of targeted therapies.

Coralistas amadores: auto-imagem, dificuldades e sintomas na voz cantada

Purpose: to evaluate vocal self-perception, difficulties and presence of negative symptoms after singing of amateur choir singers of different vocal classifications, age and experience. Method: one hundred and twenty five singers answered a questionnaire containing identification data, information about self-perception of the singing voice, difficulties with singing and negative symptoms after singing. Results: the comparison considering vocal classification evidenced greater difficulties with high notes for altos and basses, greater difficulty regarding the transition to high notes for basses and greater vocal fatigue for altos. Comparing the singers by age, both adults and young adults referred more breathiness than the elderly. The adults referred better vocal intensity than the young adults. The young adults referred better timbre than adults. Regarding the experience, the less experienced singers reported self-perception of hoarseness and presence of hoarseness after singing in greater number than the experienced singers. Conclusion: the difficulties with singing are connected to the vocal classification and do not depend on age or experience. Vocal symptoms are related to the vocal classification and to the experience with singing. Negative self-perception is also related the vocal classification and to the experience with singing, and positive self-perception was more reported by experienced singers.

Study of an anisotropic polymeric cellular material under compression loading

This paper emphasizes the influence of micro mechanisms of failure of a cellular material on its phenomenological response. Most of the applications of cellular materials comprise a compression loading. Thus, the study focuses on the influence of the anisotropy in the mechanical behavior of cellular material under cyclic compression loadings. For this study, a Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique (named Correli) was applied, as well as SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) images were analyzed. The experimental results are discussed in detail for a closed-cell rigid poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) foam, showing stress-strain curves in different directions and why the material can be assumed as transversely isotropic. Besides, the present paper shows elastic and plastic Poisson's ratios measured in different planes, explaining why the plastic Poisson's ratios approach to zero. Yield fronts created by the compression loadings in different directions and the influence of spring-back phenomenon on hardening curves are commented, also.

Tricoadenoma palpebral: tratamento cirúrgico associado à blefaroplastia estética

O tricoadenoma é um tumor cutâneo benigno, assintomático, raro e de crescimento lento. Existem poucos casos relatados na literatura e identificamos apenas um descrito na região palpebral. Apresentamos o caso de uma paciente portadora de tricoadenoma no canto externo da pálpebra inferior direita, tratada com excisão cirúrgica associada a blefaroplastia.

Overview of semi-sinusoidal stellar variability with the CoRoT satellite

Context. To date, the CoRoT space mission has produced more than 124 471 light curves. Classifying these curves in terms of unambiguous variab ility behavior is mandatory for obtaining an unbi ased statistical view on th eir controlling root-causes. Aims. The present study provides an overview of semi-sinusoidal light curves observed by the CoRoT exo-field CCDs. Methods. We selected a sample of 4206 light curves presenting well-defined semi-si nusoidal signatures. Th e variability periods were computed based on Lomb-Scargle periodograms, harmonic fits, and visual inspection. Results. Color–period diagrams for the present sample show the trend of an increase of the variability periods as long as the stars evolve. This evolutionary behavior is also noticed when comparing the period distribution in the Galactic center and anti-center directions. These aspect s indicate a compatibility with stellar rotation, although more inform ation is needed to confirm their root- causes. Considering this possi bility, we identified a subset of th ree Sun-like candidates by their photometric peri od. Finally, the variability period versus color diagr am behavior was found to be highly depe ndent on the reddening correction.

Estudio sobre la agresividad del pájaro canario Serinus canaria

Asignatura. Etología de los recursos pesqueros (Licenciatura Ciencias del mar)

Hespérida, de Justo Jorge Padrón, la gran epopeya sobre Canarias

Reseña al libro de Justo Jorge Padrón: Hespérida: Canto Universal de las Islas Canarias

Comportamiento de respuesta del pájaro canario, "Serinus canaria" Linnaeu 1758, ante diferentes sonidos

[ES] Se comprueba que los sonidos del canto de un macho dominante, de distintos tipos de reclamos, y de un cernícalo, provocan cambios en el canto de respuesta de los machos de Serinus canaria. Se observa un mayor número de respuestas cuando los sonidos proceden de coespecíficos. Además, los individuos responden con canto mayoritariamente cuando los sonidos de muestra son de reclamo de contacto.

Collegamento della secante di Cesena SS 9 via Emilia verso nord

Prima di parlare di lotto zero, credo sia opportuno inquadrare in modo più preciso il significato che riveste la Secante per Cesena. La Secante è senza dubbio l’opera più rilevante e strategica in assoluto degli ultimi decenni ed è destinata a incidere in modo profondo (almeno così ci auguriamo) sulla vita della città, contribuendo a migliorarla sensibilmente. A questa arteria è affidato il compito di raccogliere tutto il traffico di attraversamento di Cesena, e specialmente quello rappresentato dai mezzi pesanti, che gravita principalmente sulla via Emilia, creando da tempo una situazione difficile, ma che negli ultimi anni è divenuta pressoché insostenibile: sono molte migliaia i veicoli che ogni giorno percorrono questa strada che già dalla fine degli anni Sessanta ha cessato di essere periferica e che ai giorni nostri fa ormai parte del centro urbano. La Secante, una volta completata, porrà un rimedio definitivo a questa situazione: secondo le previsioni, sarà in grado di smaltire in modo efficiente circa 40mila veicoli al giorno e, quindi, di rispondere alle necessità di circolazione della città per almeno i prossimi 20-30 anni. Proprio per l’importanza che il nuovo asse di collegamento riveste, diventa fondamentale garantirne la massima fruibilità, dedicando estrema attenzione non solo alla funzionalità della struttura in sé ( per altro progettata con criteri d’avanguardia, soprattutto per la parte in galleria, che si configura come il primo eco-tunnel italiano ), ma anche al complesso delle opere di collegamento con la viabilità preesistente: svincoli, nodi stradali, nuove connessioni. È in questo quadro che si inserisce il cosiddetto “lotto zero”, cioè quel tratto stradale che prolungherà il primo lotto della Secante verso Forlì e avrà una lunghezza pari a circa 1 chilometro. Entrando nel dettaglio, questo lotto dovrà portare il traffico in uscita dalla Secante dalla via comunale San Cristoforo alla via Provinciale San Giuseppe, sicuramente più idonea a sopportare l’importante mole di traffico veicolare e meglio collegata alla viabilità principale. Il lotto zero si congiungerà con la via Emilia attraverso la già esistente rotatoria davanti al cimitero di Diegaro. Naturalmente, il nuovo tratto sarà dotato di barriere acustiche: si è pensato a strutture in lamiera di acciaio, con funzioni fonoassorbenti e fonoisolanti, per una lunghezza totale di circa 310 metri. Il costo complessivo dell’opera si aggira intorno ai 25 milioni di euro. Il Comune di Cesena considera questo intervento irrinunciabile, e per questo si stanno valutando le soluzioni più opportune per una sua realizzazione in tempi ragionevolmente brevi. Non a caso, per accelerare le procedure già nel 2004 l’Amministrazione Comunale di Cesena e l’Amministrazione Provinciale di Forlì – Cesena hanno deciso di finanziare direttamente il progetto, e sono stati avviati contatti con i ministeri delle Infrastrutture e dell’Ambiente per sollecitarne l’approvazione e la conseguente disponibilità di fondi. D’altro canto, non si può dimenticare che il lotto zero s’inserisce nella necessità più complessiva di un nuovo assetto della viabilità del territorio, che troverà una risposta definitiva con il progetto della cosiddetta via Emilia bis. Si tratta di un intervento prioritario non solo per Cesena, ma per tutta la Romagna, e che acquisisce un significato ancor più rilevante alla luce del recente progetto relativo alla Civitavecchia-Orte-Cesena-Ravenna-Mestre. In quest’ottica, il lotto zero assume una funzione indispensabile per armonizzare la grande circolazione che gravita sul nodo cesenate, destinato a diventare ancora più rilevante nel momento in cui si svilupperà la dorsale autostradale appenninica, la futura E45/E55.