Salomé et Jean Baptiste. Réinvestissements symboliques et récritures d'un mythe dans la littérature et dans l'art (1870-1914)

La publication de nombreuses œuvres, à la fois littéraires et picturales, entre 1870 et 1914, inspirées par l’épisode biblique du meurtre de Jean Baptiste par Salomé, s’inscrit dans une crise qui touche à cette époque, en Europe, aussi bien le sujet que la notion de représentation. Le mythe de Salomé permet de poursuivre une réflexion de nature littéraire, historique et esthétique concernant le processus d’autonomisation de l’art. À partir des sources bibliques et antiques, dans lesquelles Salomé et Jean Baptiste incarnent respectivement le monde païen en conflit avec le monde chrétien, ces deux personnages font graduellement leur entrée dans l’univers de la fiction. Ils sont au cœur de la transition d’une lecture transcendante — reliée particulièrement à la tradition catholique — de l’épisode tragique qui les unit, à une lecture immanente qui en fait deux instances purement esthétiques. La danseuse et le dernier des prophètes émergent dans la littérature et dans l’art occidentaux comme deux pôles symboliques, liés l’un à l’autre par différents types de relation, susceptibles d’être librement réinvestis par de nouvelles significations et à l’écart des conventions. Si, dans la première partie du XIXe siècle, Salomé et Jean Baptiste sont encore liés à leur sens orthodoxe, au tournant du siècle ils finissent par s’autonomiser de l’Écriture et donnent lieu à de multiples récritures et à des adaptations inattendues. Celles-ci ressortissent alors moins du blasphème à proprement parler que d’un témoignage emblématique d’une transformation du rapport que l’artiste entretient avec son œuvre. Celui-ci, en s’identifiant avec le prophète décollé, se mesure à l’œuvre d’art, qui est incarnée par Salomé. La relation entre Salomé et Jean Baptiste, dans ces diverses représentations, exprime et reflète le moment où art et littérature se reconnaissent comme fictions.

An ARHGEF10 deletion is highly associated with a juvenile-onset inherited polyneuropathy in Leonberger and Saint Bernard dogs

An inherited polyneuropathy (PN) observed in Leonberger dogs has clinical similarities to a genetically heterogeneous group of peripheral neuropathies termed Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease in humans. The Leonberger disorder is a severe, juvenile-onset, chronic, progressive, and mixed PN, characterized by exercise intolerance, gait abnormalities and muscle atrophy of the pelvic limbs, as well as inspiratory stridor and dyspnea. We mapped a PN locus in Leonbergers to a 250 kb region on canine chromosome 16 (Praw = 1.16×10-10, Pgenome, corrected = 0.006) utilizing a high-density SNP array. Within this interval is the ARHGEF10 gene, a member of the rho family of GTPases known to be involved in neuronal growth and axonal migration, and implicated in human hypomyelination. ARHGEF10 sequencing identified a 10 bp deletion in affected dogs that removes four nucleotides from the 3'-end of exon 17 and six nucleotides from the 5'-end of intron 17 (c.1955_1958+6delCACGGTGAGC). This eliminates the 3'-splice junction of exon 17, creates an alternate splice site immediately downstream in which the processed mRNA contains a frame shift, and generates a premature stop codon predicted to truncate approximately 50% of the protein. Homozygosity for the deletion was highly associated with the severe juvenile-onset PN phenotype in both Leonberger and Saint Bernard dogs. The overall clinical picture of PN in these breeds, and the effects of sex and heterozygosity of the ARHGEF10 deletion, are less clear due to the likely presence of other forms of PN with variable ages of onset and severity of clinical signs. This is the first documented severe polyneuropathy associated with a mutation in ARHGEF10 in any species.

Na 50 Nachlass Arthur Schopenhauer - 'Schopenhauer-Archiv', 174 - Dankesschreiben von Marie Kretzschmer im Zuge des Briefes von Schopenhauer an Ihren Ehemann

veröffentlicht in: Schopenhauer, Arthur : Arthur Schopenhauers sämtliche Werke - München : Piper - Bd. 15 : Der Briefwechsel Arthur Schopenhauers ; 2 (1849 - 1860), Nr. 778

Na 50 Nachlass Arthur Schopenhauer - 'Schopenhauer-Archiv', 20 - Antwortschreiben an die Oberregierungsrätin Marie Kretzschmer anlässlich ihrer Anfrage zur Erstellung einer Schopenhauer Abbildung

u.a.: Arbeitsbeginn an einer Büste von Elisabeth Ney; Gemälde von Angilbert Göbel;

Agricultural pesticide in sediment cores from the Lac de Saint-André, France

Agricultural pesticide use has increased worldwide during the last several decades, but the long-term fate, storage, and transfer dynamics of pesticides in a changing environment are poorly understood. Many pesticides have been progressively banned, but in numerous cases, these molecules are stable and may persist in soils, sediments, and ice. Many studies have addressed the question of their possible remobilization as a result of global change. In this article, we present a retro-observation approach based on lake sediment records to monitor micropollutants and to evaluate the long-term succession and diffuse transfer of herbicides, fungicides, and insecticide treatments in a vineyard catchment in France. The sediment allows for a reliable reconstruction of past pesticide use through time, validated by the historical introduction, use, and banning of these organic and inorganic pesticides in local vineyards. Our results also revealed how changes in these practices affect storage conditions and, consequently, the pesticides' transfer dynamics. For example, the use of postemergence herbicides (glyphosate), which induce an increase in soil erosion, led to a release of a banned remnant pesticide (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, DDT), which had been previously stored in vineyard soil, back into the environment. Management strategies of ecotoxicological risk would be well served by recognition of the diversity of compounds stored in various environmental sinks, such as agriculture soil, and their capability to become sources when environmental conditions change.

Environmental context of selected samples from the Tara Oceans Expedition (2009-2013)

The present data set provides contextual environmental data for samples from the Tara Oceans Expedition (2009-2013) that were selected for publication in a special issue of the SCIENCE journal (see related references below). The data set provides calculated averages of mesaurements made at the sampling location and depth, calculated averages from climatologies (AMODIS, VGPM) and satellite products.