Toward identification of larval sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus), white marlin (Tetrapturus albidus), and blue marlin (Makaira nigricans) in the western North Atlantic Ocean*

The identification of larval istiophorid billfishes from the western North Atlantic Ocean has long been problematic. In the present study, a molecular technique was used to positively identify 27 larval white marlin (Tetrapturus albidus), 96 larval blue marlin (Makaira nigricans), and 591 larval sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus) from the Straits of Florida and the Bahamas. Nine morphometric measurements were taken for a subset of larvae (species known), and lower jaw pigment patterns were recorded on a grid. Canonical variates analysis (CVA) was used to reveal the extent to which the combination of morphometric, pigment pattern, and month of capture information was diagnostic to species level. Linear regression revealed species-specific relationships between the ratio of snout length to eye orbit diameter and standard length (SL). Confidence limits about these relationships served as defining characters for sailfish >10 mm SL and for blue and white marlin >17 mm SL. Pigment pattern analysis indicated that 40% of the preflexion blue marlin examined possessed a characteristic lower jaw pigment pattern and that 62% of sailfish larvae were identifiable by lower jaw pigments alone. An identification key was constructed based on pigment patterns, month of capture, and relationships between SL and the ratio of snout length to eye orbit diameter. The key yielded identifications for 69.4% of 304 (blind sample) larvae used to test it; only one of these identifications was incorrect. Of the 93 larvae that could not be identified by the key, 71 (76.3%) were correctly identified with CVA. Although identif ication of certain larval specimens may always require molecular techniques, it is encouraging that the majority (92.4%) of istiophorid larvae examined were ultimately identifiable from external characteristics alone.

Modos de pensar e de fazer: o cuidado de enfermagem à pessoa com HIV/Aids representado pela equipe de enfermagem

Este estudo propõe uma reflexão acerca do cuidado de enfermagem e suas práticas voltadas à pessoa com HIV/Aids desenvolvido por profissionais da equipe de enfermagem. O objetivo geral foi analisar as representações sociais e as práticas de cuidado de enfermagem a pessoa com HIV/Aids para a equipe de enfermagem que atua no Programa de DST/Aids no Município do Rio de Janeiro. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, fundamentada na Teoria das Representações Sociais. Quanto à metodologia este estudo foi desenvolvido com 16 unidades de saúde inseridas no Programa Nacional de DST-Aids do Ministério da Saúde, que prestam assistência a pessoas que vivem com HIV/Aids em nível ambulatorial. Participaram desse estudo 37 profissionais, sendo 20 enfermeiros e 17 técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem. Os dados foram coletados através de entrevista semiestruturada, tendo sido analisadas através da utilização do software ALCESTE 4.10; e questionário de identificação sócio-profissional, cuja análise de dados foi realizada com estatística descritiva. A partir da análise ALCESTE foram definidas 7 classes, divididas em dois blocos temáticos, sendo o primeiro denominado O HIV/Aids e seus impactos sociais através do olhar da equipe de enfermagem. Este bloco abarcou 3 classes, sendo elas: Preconceito e vulnerabilidade no cotidiano do cuidado de enfermagem de pessoas atingidas pelo HIV/Aids (classe1); As relações familiares e o envolvimento com o HIV/Aids (classe 4) e Memórias sócio profissionais sobre o HIV/Aids (classe 7). O segundo bloco temático denomina-se O HIV/Aids e as práticas de cuidado, e abarca 4 classes da análise, denominadas: A complexidade do atendimento ambulatorial da pessoa com HIV/Aids (classe 2); As práticas de cuidado da equipe de enfermagem e da equipe multiprofissional (classe 3); A educação em saúde como prática do cuidado de enfermagem (classe 5) e Medidas de proteção e biossegurança dos profissionais de enfermagem (classe 6). No primeiro bloco observa-se as representações da doença, os estigmas enfrentados pela pessoa com HIV/Aids, as relações com familiares e profissionais de saúde e as memórias da equipe de enfermagem com relação a doença. Observa-se que mesmo após ter havido mudanças no perfil da doença, as marcas do passado ainda se fazem presentes no cotidiano desses sujeitos, o que se reflete no cuidado de enfermagem, nas relações familiares e na vida em sociedade. O segundo bloco descreve as práticas institucionais e profissionais de cuidado à pessoa com HIV/Aids, observando-se o destaque da autoproteção no cuidado de enfermagem aos sujeitos com HIV/Aids. Também são destacados elementos como o cuidado do outro, tais como o vínculo, a postura acolhedora, o apoio psicológico e o relacionamento interpessoal, que são modalidades reconhecidas como participantes das práticas de cuidado, assim como a educação em saúde. Conclui-se que os diversos conteúdos que compõem as representações sociais e as práticas de cuidado de enfermagem a pessoa com HIV/Aids se apresentam sentimentos, práticas, atitudes, memórias, conceitos e imagens atuais e antigas, com a presença do cuidado instrumental, mas também do cuidado relacional.

Identification of treatments targeting PMLexpressing breast cancers

The main aim of this project is to find a suitable ATO concentration to combine with already approved chemotherapeutic agents to find that synergistic effect in triple negative breast cancer MDA-MB 231 cell line, as a new strategy to treat the disease.

A program for the identification of the pelagic eggs of Black Sea fishes

A computer program was developed for the identification of the teleost fish eggs that may be found in the pelagic zone of the Black Sea. The program identifies eggs of 70 species, using up to 28 descriptive characters, and may be adapted for use outside of the Black Sea.

PGPRs and nitrogen-fixing legumes: a perfect team for efficient Cd phytoremediation?

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic, biologically non-essential and highly mobile metal that has become an increasingly important environmental hazard to both wildlife and humans. In contrast to conventional remediation technologies, phytoremediation based on legume rhizobia symbiosis has emerged as an inexpensive decontamination alternative which also revitalize contaminated soils due to the role of legumes in nitrogen cycling. In recent years, there is a growing interest in understanding symbiotic legume rhizobia relationship and its interactions with Cd. The aim of the present review is to provide a comprehensive picture of the main effects of Cd in N-2-fixing leguminous plants and the benefits of exploiting this symbiosis together with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria to boost an efficient reclamation of Cd-contaminated soils.

Identification of Sex and Female’s Reproductive Stage in Commercial Fish Species through the Quantification of Ribosomal Transcripts in Gonads

The estimation of maturity and sex of fish stocks in European waters is a requirement of the EU Data Collection Framework as part of the policy to improve fisheries management. On the other hand, research on fish biology is increasingly focused in molecular approaches, researchers needing correct identification of fish sex and reproductive stage without necessarily having in house the histological know-how necessary for the task. Taking advantage of the differential gene transcription occurring during fish sex differentiation and gametogenesis, the utility of 5S ribosomal RNA (5S rRNA) and General transcription factor IIIA (gtf3a) in the molecular identification of sex and gametogenic stage was tested in different economically-relevant fish species from the Bay of Biscay. Gonads of 9 fish species (, Atlantic, Atlantic-chub and horse mackerel, blue whiting, bogue, European anchovy, hake and pilchard and megrim), collected from local commercial fishing vessels were histologically sexed and 5S and 18S rRNA concentrations were quantified by capillary electrophoresis to calculate a 5S/18S rRNA index. Degenerate primers permitted cloning and sequencing of gtf3a fragments in 7 of the studied species. 5S rRNA and gtf3a transcript levels, together with 5S/18S rRNA index, distinguished clearly ovaries from testis in all of the studied species. The values were always higher in females than in males. 5S/18S rRNA index values in females were always highest when fish were captured in early phases of ovary development whilst, in later vitellogenic stages, the values decreased significantly. In megrim and European anchovy, where gonads in different oogenesis stages were obtained, the 5S/18S rRNA index identified clearly gametogenic stage. This approach, to the sexing and the quantitative non-subjective identification of the maturity stage of female fish, could have multiple applications in the study of fish stock dynamics, fish reproduction and fecundity and fish biology in general.