Is [Rural] Property Tax Relevant?

The present document presents the general notions and the definition of property taxation and, as part of it, the working definition of rural property taxation emphasizing that property taxation is a matter of “property” and rural property taxation is linked with rural property, specifically with land ownership. In addition, the document presents some facts about the performance of property taxation based on a secondary source of cross-country analysis. In order to give a definition of rural property tax, I will explain the logic of taxation linked to property and then present the nature and logic behind property taxation in theory.

How do inequality affect tax morale in Latin America and Caribbean?

Latin America is well known as an inequitable region. As it is recognized, inequality and corruption perception weaken the way that political institutions works and the democratic system. Focusing on Latin American and Caribbean countries, this paper analyzes what are the elements shaping tax morale. In particular, how the context influences ethical grounds decisions such as the predisposition to pay taxes is analyzed, using the survey carried out in 2005 by Latinobarometro. The objective is to analyze how country performance determines tax morale. To do so, four probitmodels are estimated using Gini index, Transparency International Corruption Perception Index and Gross Domestic Product per capita (GDPpc) as explanatory variables. As expected we found that some socio-demographic variables play a relevant role. Interestingly, we also found that, in this attitude, LAC countries do not register a gender bias. However, those are not our main contributions to the literature on the field. The most important results are linked to: 1) the levelmatters, GDPpc increases the probability of people having tax morale, 2) moreover, income distributionalso influence on tax morale but in opposite direction and 3) corruption perception also reduces tax morale. Those results show that the quality of institutions matters and therefore, the way that democracy works play a relevant role.

Estimating and Forecasting the Term Structure of Interest Rates:US and Colombia Analysis

In this paper we use the most representative models that exist in the literature on term structure of interest rates. In particular, we explore affine one factor models and polynomial-type approximations such as Nelson and Siegel. Our empirical application considers monthly data of USA and Colombia for estimation and forecasting. We find that affine models do not provide adequate performance either in-sample or out-of-sample. On the contrary, parsimonious models such as Nelson and Siegel have adequate results in-sample, however out-of-sample they are not able to systematically improve upon random walk base forecast.

Natural resources, redistribution and Human capital formation

How do resource booms affect human capital accumulation? We exploit time and spatial variation generated by the commodity boom across local governments in Peru to measure the effect of natural resources on human capital formation. We explore the effect of both mining production and tax revenues on test scores, finding a substantial and statistically significant effect for the latter. Transfers to local governments from mining tax revenues are linked to an increase in math test scores of around 0.23 standard deviations. We find that the hiring of permanent teachers as well as the increases in parental employment and improvements in health outcomes of adults and children are plausible mechanisms for such large effect on learning. These findings suggest that redistributive policies could facilitate the accumulation of human capital in resource abundant developing countries as a way to avoid the natural resources curse.

Estimating the reliability coefficient of tests in presence of missing values

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

Incentivo a las exportaciones en el Ecuador: restitución del impuesto al valor agregado (IVA), y su relación con los principios de neutralidad impositiva y cláusula de no discriminación (Tema Central)

Los procesos de cambio que propiciaron la adopción del dólar como moneda única en el Ecuador, si bien fueron devastadores en la economía, dieron la oportunidad de establecer nuevas políticas a través de las cuales se logró la apertura de la economía nacional a lo que se denomina “globalización”, rigiéndose por el libre mercado, lo que obligar a revisar y modificar las legislaciones de los países que forman parte de esta libre economía y comercio para enmarcarlas dentro de los lineamientos actuales y evitar conflictos normativos y económicos al momento de realizar las transacciones. En el Ecuador la adopción del dólar significó la pérdida en la toma de decisiones de tipo monetario, sin embargo, no quedaron rezagadas las relaciones comerciales a nivel mundial, y se tomaron medidas para fortalecer el Servicio de Rentas Internas (SRI), mejorando las políticas y sistemas para evitar la evasión fiscal.