Resposta aos collaboradores do infame papel, intitulado Correio interceptado, n.o 6.o impresso em Londres (segundo o costume).

In defense of Bernardo Jozé d'Abrantes e Castro.

Carta em resposta de certo amigo da cidade de Lisboa a outro da villa de Santarem, em que se lançam os fundamentos sobre a verdade, ou incerteza da morte d'elrei d. Sebastião, XVI. rei de Portugal, na batalha de Alcacerquibir em Africa ...

Bound in calf by Lesort, gold tooled, inside borders.

O amor de patria e do bem publico do Sr. J. Joaquim Penna Penalta, ou Resposta aos aleives por este senhor dirigidos ao senhor joão Baptista Moreira, consul geral de Portugal na côrte do Rio de Janeiro.

Mode of access: Internet.

Alterações morfofisiológicas e moleculares em resposta a estresses abióticos em mamona (Ricinus communis L.)

The use of fossil fuels has been considered one of reason for the increase of pollution in the atmosphere and it may be related to the climate changes. Then, the research of the new sources of fuels will be important. Considering this, the use of biodiesel has been considered not as bad as petrol. The castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) is an important oilseed, which belongs to Euphorbiaceae family, and the oil found in the seed has important characteristics for biodiesel. This plant is considered as “rustic” as it does not need so much water for its development and oil production. Due to this, this plant has been considered to be ideal in semi-arid regions, such as the Northeast of Brazil. The aim of his study is to better understand the responses to abiotic stresses (drought and salinity) from castor bean plants using morphological, physiological and molecular tools. In order to do this, the castor bean plants were subjected to salt stress (50, 100, 150 and 200 mM NaCl) in a controlled environment and drought stress (5, 10, 15 days and 10 days cyclic). After these treatments, these plants were subjected to different analyzes: a) the expansion and retention of water from leaves; b) anatomy using leaves and roots. Based on these results, we found that castor suffered decrease in leaf area with increase drought stress, however restricted water loss, probably by accumulation of compatible solutes in the leaves. The anatomy data showed modifications in the vascular system. These modifications observed suggested that castor bean plant may be resistant to stress as it was verified in 5 days of drought as well as in 100 mM NaCl. In both conditions, these plants were fine. Probably these plants keep some solutes in the cell and then maintain the cell tugor. The data obtained in this study gave a better idea how castor bean plant responds to abiotic stress conditions - drought and salt stress

Avaliação do efeito da inibição do reparo de sítios abásicos na resposta inflamatória celular

Base excision repair (BER) proteins has been associated with functions beyond DNA repair. Apurynic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) is a multifunctional protein involved in a plethora of cellular activities, such as redox activation of transcription factors, RNA processing and DNA repair. Some studies have described the action of the protein 8-oxoguanine (OGG1) in correcting oxidized lesions in promoters as a step in the transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Despite being especially important in redox activation of transcription factors such as nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and AP- 1, the repair activity of APE1 has not yet been associated with the inflammatory response. In this study, experimental and bioinformatic analysis approaches have been used to investigate the relationship between inhibition of the repair of abasic sites in DNA by MX, a synthetic molecule designed to inhibt the repair activity of APE1, and the modulation of the inflammatory response. The results showed that treatment of monocytes with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and MX reduced the expression of cytokines, chemokines and toll-like receptors, and negatively regulated biological immune processes, as macrophages activation, and NF-κB and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interferon pathways, without inducing cell death. The transcriptomic analysis suggests that LPS/MX treatment induces mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress and activation of autophagy pathways, probably activated by impairment of cellular energy and/or the accumulation of nuclear and mitochondria DNA damage. Additionally, it is proposed that the repair activity of APE1 is required for transcription of inflammatory genes by interaction with abasic sites at specific promoters and recruitment of transcriptional complexes during inflammatory signaling. This work presents a new perspective on the interactions between the BER activity and the modulation of inflammatory response, and suggests a new activity for APE1 protein as modulator of the immune response in a redox-independent manner.

Abordagem da ergonomia para avaliação do treinamento simulado das equipes de resposta à emergência em lançamentos de veículos aeroespaciais

This dissertation introduces a study that aims to analyze the simulated training of emergency teams and proposes recommendations for the current training system in order to improve the collective skills and resilience of these teams when facing possible critical situations, triggered by possible accident occurrences during aerospace vehicle launching operations in the Barreira do Inferno Launch Center in Parnamirim / RN. This is a field, exploratory, descriptive, explanatory, and a case study with a qualitative approach. Therefore, we adopted the ergonomics approach, using the situated method of ergonomic work analysis (AET), combining observational and interactive methods. The relevance of this research is characterized by the contributions to minimize the human and material hazzards resulting from possible accidents in these operations, the scientific contribution of the AET for simulated emergency training analysis in the launching operations of aerospace vehicles - which are complex and involve risk of accidents - and consequently, the scientific contribution to the current process of recovering the Brazilian Space Program. The survey results point to problems of various kinds in the current simulated training system which compromise the safety of the operations. These problems are grouped into four categories: technological, organizational, team training and from the activity itself, regarding more specifically communication and cooperation (among the team members and these ones with other sectors involved in the launching operation) and regarding the coordination of actions. We propose: a) a new training model, from the creation and application of scenarios based on postulated abnormalities, which could simulate real critical situations, in order to train and improve the skills of the emergency response teams especially in terms of communication, coordination and cooperation; b) restructuring and reorganizing the current training system, based on the formal establishment of a managing staff, on the clear division of responsibilities, on the standardization of processes, on the production of management indicators, on the continuous monitoring, on the feedback from trainees about the quality of the training and on the continuing and frequent training of emergency teams.

Estudo da resposta Th17 no transplante renal alogênico: contribuição do eixo quimiotático CCR6/CCL20 e dos polimorfismos gênicos em IL17A e IL17RA

Kidney transplantation is the best treatment for patients who have lost kidney function. Renal transplant patients require accurate immunosuppressive drugs to prevent rejection. In this process T helper cells of the immune system perform key role in the immune response to the graft, and recently the Th17 cells has been investigated by production of IL-17 potent proinflammatory cytokine whose role in the rejection has also been described. Increased of Th17 cell expression has an important association with the development of rejection in renal microenvironment, however the likely mechanism is not well understood. This study aimed to evaluate the Th17 response from the influence of the chemotactic axis CCR6/CCL20 and genetic variants in IL-17 and IL-17RA. We conducted a case-control study involving 148 patients transplanted at the University Hospital Onofre Lopes/UFRN in which assessed by immunohistochemistry protein expression of IL-17 and chemokines CCR6/CCL20 and by PCR-RFLP genetic variants in IL17A and IL17RA. Our results showed no influence of genetic polymorphisms on the outcome of the graft or the protein expression of IL-17. In renal graft microenvironment found several sources producing IL-17: tubular epithelial cells, glomerular cells, neutrophils and cell interstitial infiltration, in turn the expression of chemotactic axis CCR6/CCL20 was restricted to the tubular epithelium cells. There was a slight positive linear correlation between the presence of IL-17 and expression of chemotactic axis CCR6/CCL20 in the microenvironment of renal graft. Therefore, we believe that, combined with our results, further studies with increased "n" sample and greater control over the variables involved in obtaining the renal specimen, can determine more clearly the influence of chemotactic axis CCR6 / CCL20 and polymorphisms in cytokines related to Th17 profile on the control of this cell subtype response in rejection processes to renal allograft.

Efeito da Olmesartana na resposta inflamatória em modelo de mucosite intestinal em ratos

Intestinal Mucositis is inflammation and/or ulceration of mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract caused by anticancer therapies. Histologically, villous atrophy, damage to enterocytes and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Methotrexate (MTX) is a compound that depletes dihydrofolate pools and is widely used in the treatment of leukemia and other malignancies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Olmesartan (OLM), an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, on an Intestinal Mucositis Model (IMM) induced by MTX in Wistar rats. IMM was induced via intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of MTX (7 mg/kg) for three consecutive days. The animals were pretreated with oral OLM at 0.5, 1 or 5 mg/kg or with vehicle 30 min prior to exposure to MTX, for three days. Small intestinal (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) homogenates were assayed for levels of the IL-1β, IL-10 and TNF-α cytokines, malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase activity. Additionally, immunohistochemical analyses of MMP-2, MMP-9, COX-2, RANK/RANKL and SOCS-1 and confocal microscopy analysis of SOCS-1 expression were performed. Treatment with MTX+OLM (5 mg/kg) resulted in a reduction of mucosal inflammatory infiltration, ulcerations, vasodilatation and hemorrhagic areas (p<0.05) as well as reduced concentrations of MPO (p<0.001) and the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α (p<0.01), and increase antiinflammatory cytosine IL-10 (p,0.05). Additionally, the combined treatment reduced expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, COX-2, RANK and RANKL (p<0.05) and increased cytoplasmic expression of SOCS-1 (p<0.05). Our findings confirm the involvement of OLM in reducing the inflammatory response through increased immunosuppressive signaling in an IMM. We also suggest that the beneficial effect of Olmesartan treatment is specifically exerted during the damage through blocking inflammatory cytosines.

Resposta de ovinos naturalmente infectados por nematoides gastrintestinais em pastos de capim-massai

The aim of this study was to evaluate the crossbred sheep Santa Ines response to natural infections by gastrointestinal nematodes in Panicum maximum cv. pastures Massai at different times of grazing. For this it was used 36 crossbred sheep Santa Inês, divided into four groups and randomly distributed in massai-grass pickets naturally infected by gastrointestinal nematodes. In the period from October 2013 to May 2014, the animals were weekly monitored for hematology tests (packed cell volume) and parasitological (egg counts per gram of feces and fecal culture) in order to monitor the level of infection of sheep and they were assessed for weight, body condition score and staining ocular mucosa by FAMACHA© method. Furthermore infective larvae was recovery from pasture in times of pre-and post-grazing pasture. At 35 kg body weight, the animals were slaughtered and necropsied to collect the contents of the abomasum and small and large intestines to recover the adult parasites, carrying out the count and identification. The animals on pasture with a height of 40 cm pre-grazing obtained low nematode eggs in feces (1608 eggs / g) and 33 cm those in pre-grazing the highest average (2,539 eggs / g). The animals in different groups showed mean values of packed cell volume less than 23% (P> 0.05). Regarding to FAMACHA, the animals belonging to the groups 40 and 50 cm pre-grazing remained over 50% of individuals between FAMACHA 1 and 2 , and those to 33 and 45 cm pre-grazing showed mostly between FAMACHA 3, 4 and 5 (69.06% and 58.93%, respectively). In the culture of larvae in feces and recovery of pasture larvae before and after grazing the following genera were found, in order of prevalence: Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Oesophagostomum and Strongyloides. The pasture with 33 cm of pre-grazing provided the highest number of larvae recovered both in the pre and post-grazing (1,081 and 715 L3 / 100 g of green matter, respectively). Among the different groups, the sheep had an average weight of between 23 and 26 kg and variation between the body 1 and 3 scores with scores greater frequency of 1.5 to 2.It can be observed that the animals kept at different times of grazing got different answers on the parasite load. Animals kept in 40 cm pre-grazing expressed a satisfactory answer than the other groups (33, 45 and 50 cm), best supporting the action of endoparasites. Moreover, this same height, was recovered fewer infective larvae on pasture in pre and post-grazing.

Resposta clínica periodontal e controle glicêmico em pacientes com e sem diabetes tipo II portadores de periodontite crônica ao tratamento periodontal “full mouth desinfection”

There is a bidirectional association between periodontal disease (PD) and diabetes mellitus, in which diabetes favors the development of PD and PD, if left untreated, can worsen the metabolic control of diabetes. Thus, periodontal disease should be treated to restore periodontal health and reduce the complications of diabetes. Therefore, the objective is assess the effect of full mouth periodontal therapy decontamination (Full Mouth Desinfection - FMD) in diabetic type II patients with chronic periodontitis during 12 months. Thirty-one patients in group one (G1) and 12 in group two (G2) were followed at baseline, 03, 06 09 and 12 months. There following clinical parameters were accessed: probing on bleeding (BOP), visible plaque index (PI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL) and gingival recession (GR). For diabetic patients, there were also made laboratory tests to evaluate blood parameters: fasting glucose and glycated hemoglobin. The results had been analyzed in two ways: all sites in the mouth and another with diseased sites. The Mann-Whitney, Friedman and Wilcoxon tests were used with 5% significance. Intergroup analysis of all sites it is clear that there was no significant difference over time concerning PD, BOP, PI, CAL and RG. However, when evaluating the diseased sites, we observed significant difference for CAL and PD, with higher values in G1. The intragroup analysis for all sites showed a statistically significant reduction at PD, PI and BOP in both groups. Intragroup analysis of periodontal affected sites showed a statistically significant reduction in PD, BOP and CAL in both groups. There was also a statistically significant increase in RG values. There was no significant change concerning glycated hemoglobin and fasting glucose in the G1. Therefore, it can be concluded that there were improvements in periodontal parameters over the 12 months of research, but without changes in glycemic levels of diabetic patients. Thus, periodontal therapy proved effective in maintaining oral health.

Resposta da batata cv. Cupido à fertilização organomineral

Potato crop cycle is relatively short and presents high yield per area; therefore, it is a very demanding culture for available nutrients in the soil solution. Despite its importance and the large number of studies about the crop, there is little research on plant nutrition regarding the use of organomineral fertilizer. This study evaluated potato, cv. Cupid, development and productivity as a function of fertilization with pelletized organomineral fertilizer. The experiment was done in Perdizes, Minas Gerais, in the rainy season of 2014/2015. The experimental design was a randomized blocks, with factorial arrangement of 4 x 2 (doses x management) and a control with mineral fertilizer, with 3 repetitions. Organomineral fertilizer doses were 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the conventional mineral dose, which was 600 kg ha-1 K2SO4, 850 kg ha-1 NH4H2PO4, and 300 kg ha-1 (NH4)2SO4 of topdressing 19 days after planting (DAP). Fertilization managements were with or without topdressing at 19 DAP, when the potato was hilled. Two plants per plot were sampled at 36, 50, 64 and 81 DAP and analyzed for leaf, stem and dry matter contents. DRIS - Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System was applied at 36 DAP and the potatoes were harvested 112 DAP and subjected to tuber classification. Throughout the cycle, stem, leaf and tuber dry mass showed no significant differences between the fertilization managements. The doses of organomineral fertilizer and topdressing management does not affect productivity, and the lower doses (25%) were similar the greater ones and the control, with an average of 16.8 t ha-1, demonstrating that it is viable to make a single application of organomineral fertilizer at planting due to operational efficiency. The low yields observed were due to high rainfall and temperature, creating favorable conditions for the incidence of pests and diseases. According to DRIS, the organomineral dose 75% for topdressing, presented the best nutritional balance.

Proteínas que interagem com SnRK1.1 e o seu envolvimento na via de sinalização do ácido abscísico e na resposta ao défice de energia

As plantas são organismos sésseis, incapazes de se movimentar de modo a procurar melhores condições ambientais ou nutricionais. Desenvolveram, assim mecanismos que lhes permitem adaptar-se e sobreviver em condição de stress. O stress parece ser parcialmente descodificado num sinal de défice de energia que desencadeia uma resposta, que envolve a indução da expressão de genes relacionados com processos catabólicos e a repressão de genes envolvidos em processos anabólicos. As proteínas quinases e fosfatases desempenham um papel fundamental na regulação das vias de sinalização de stress e, em particular as quinases da superfamília das SnRK encontram-se envolvidas em vários processos da resposta a stress, principalmente abióticos. Enquanto as SnRK2 e SnRK3 estão sobretudo envolvidas na resposta a ABA e a stress hídrico e salino, as SnRK1 têm sido descritas como reguladores chave da resposta a défice energético. No entanto, um número crescente de estudos tem evidenciado a interligação entre estas duas vias de sinalização. Apesar da importância de SnRK1 na regulação da resposta ao stress e na regulação do crescimento e desenvolvimento em plantas, os mecanismos moleculares envolvidos são ainda pouco conhecidos. Com o objetivo de identificar proteínas que interagem com SnRK1 e que poderão estar envolvidas na sua via de sinalização, foi efetuado um rastreio, pelo método Y2H, utilizando uma biblioteca comercial normalizada construída a partir de mRNA extraído de onze tecidos de Arabidopsis. Foram identificadas 32 proteínas que potencialmente interagem com SnRK1.1, entre as quais MARD1 e NDF4. O estudo destas interações permitiu verificar que MARD1 medeia a interação entre SnRK1.1 e RAPTOR1B, sugerindo que, de forma semelhante à que ocorre em mamíferos, esta interação pode interligar a resposta ao défice energético envolvendo os complexos SnRK1 e TOR. Curiosamente, verificou-se que MARD1 medeia igualmente a interação entre SnRK1.1 e várias das MAPKs de Arabidopsis, o que poderá indicar que estas duas vias de sinalização estão igualmente interligadas. Foi também verificado que, no sistema de Y2H, SnRK1.1 interage, em alguns casos de forma depende de NDF4, com as proteínas DELLA, componentes essências da via de sinalização de giberelinas, o que pode sugerir uma interligação entre estas duas vias de sinalização e, desta forma, explicar parcialmente o papel de SnRK1 no crescimento e desenvolvimento das plantas. Um novo mecanismo de interligação entre as vias de sinalização de ABA e energia é sugerida pelos resultados obtidos em ensaios de Y2H mostrando que SnRK1.1 interage com SnRK2.3 e, pela observação de que em plantas que não expressam SnRK1.1/2, a expressão de genes de resposta a ABA é fortemente comprometida, sugerindo que SnRK1 poderá ativar as SnRK2 e, deste modo, ativar a resposta a ABA. No seu conjunto, estes dados evidenciam o papel de SnRK1 como regulador central da resposta ao défice energético em plantas e sugerem alguns dos mecanismos moleculares que poderão estar envidos, nomeadamente através da interação com várias outras vias de sinalização como o complexo TOR (interagindo com RAPTOR1B), as MAPKs, a via de sinalização de ABA (através da interação com SnRK2) e a via de sinalização de giberelinas (através da interação com proteínas DELLA).

Efeitos do treinamento físico na resposta imunológica de ratos expostos à vincristina

A Vincristina (VCR) é um quimioterápico amplamente utilizado na clínica. Alteraçoes imunológicas sao alguns dos efeitos do quimioterápico mais apresentados pelos pacientes. O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar se o exercício aeróbico prévio (6 semanas de nataçao, 1h/dia, 5 dias/semana, sobrecarga de 5 do peso corporal) poderia melhorar os déficits imunológicos em ratos Wistar posteriormente tratados com o quimioterápico Vincristina. A administraçao da Vincristina foi realizada com dose única semanal de 0,5mg/kg, durante duas semanas, com dose acumulada de 1mg/kg, via intraperitoneal. No 15o dia os ratos foram submetidos à retirada de sangue para análise do sistema imunológico pelo hemograma e dano ao DNA pelo teste Picogreen. Observou-se uma diminuiçao significativa no número de leucócitos, plaquetas e nos níveis de eritrócitos nos ratos tratados com o quimioterápico, assim como significativo dano no DNA celular. No entanto, o exercício foi capaz de proteger dessa diminuiçao das células do sistema imune e do dano causado ao DNA no grupo que praticou o exercício e recebeu o quimioterápico. Portanto, o exercício físico mostrou-se protetor contra a diminuiçao das células do sistema imune e dano ao DNA causado pelo tratamento com o quimioterápico em ratos