O exame nacional do ensino médio (Brasil) 2004-2011: os itens sobre energia.

O Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (Enem) foi criando em 1998 com a finalidade de avaliar o sistema educacional brasileiro e como alternativa para ingresso no ensino superior. Em 2009, foi implementado o Sistema de Seleção Unificada (SiSU), o qual remodelou o exame, valorizando a função de seleção para o ensino superior do Enem. Escolhemos analisar como o tema energia, devido sua importância para as Ciências Naturais, foi abordado ao longo do tempo, utilizando para tanto categorias de abordagens das questões em dois períodos, pré e pós-reforma: Bloco A (2004-2008) e Bloco B (2009-2011). Identificamos indicativos que a implantação do SiSU influenciou as frequências absoluta e relativa e abordagem das questões sobre energia.

O influxo da dialética humanista e a reforma da teoria escolástica dos tópicos no Tractatus de locis dialecticis de Alonso de Veracruz

En el Tractatus de locis dialecticis, Alonso de la Veracruz (1507-1584) promueve una reforma de la teoría de los tópicos que se caracteriza por la combinación de algunos de los elementos más expresivos de tradiciones rivales y aparentemente antagónicas como es el caso de la dialéctica humanista y de la lógica escolástica. Para determinar si tales elementos estarían articulados de manera integrada y coherente en la teoría propuesta por Fray Alonso, evaluamos la compatibilidad entre las definiciones escolástica y agricoliana de tópico, visto que ambas igualmente fueron asimiladas por el Tractatus de locis dialecticis. En el estudio aquí presentado, defendemos que Alonso de la Veracruz concilia tales definiciones, concibiendo los tópicos bajo una perspectiva prioritariamente epistémica. En seguida, averiguamos lo que llevó a Fray Alonso a enaltecer las innovaciones de la dialéctica humanista y, al mismo tiempo, insistir en el uso de las proposiciones máximas, ignorando diversas críticas a ellas dirigidas por Rodolfo Agrícola. Acreditamos que tal dificultad puede ser dilucidada mediante la hipótesis de que Alonso de la Veracruz habría optado por el mantenimiento de las máximas en razón del importante papel por ellas ejercido en la fundamentación de las inferencias entimemáticas. Finalmente, investigamos las razones por las cuales la taxonomía alonsina de los tópicos no es inviabilizada por la presencia de trazos de las teorías escolástica y humanista de los tópicos. En ese contexto, asumimos que la clasificación de los tópicos sustentada por Fray Alonso no es corrompida por su carácter híbrido, una vez que ella compatibilizaría las doctrinas más relevantes de las tradiciones escolástica y humanista.

A política fundiária do governo Olívio Dutra no Rio Grande do Sul - Brasil (1999-2002): diretrizes, dinâmica política e resultados atingidos

This paper has as objective to analyze the foundry work politics made by the Olívio Dutra's government in the state of Rio Grande do Sul-Brazil, being taken into account their guidelines, the dynamics of the political struggle promoted between the social leaders from the rural area and the achieved global results. This government's freshness is related to the fact of it was being sustained and supported by a coalition of left wing parties and by a group of social movements and also by syndical entities of the field, which was decisive in the presentation of an antagonistic program to the neoliberal politics on energy in a national extent. Hence this government became committed in adopting an own foundry work politics, being opposed to the program of market land reform extolled by Cardoso's government, in national wide. Therefore, the results presented along the article demonstrate that in spite of the assumed commitments and, in face of legal, institutional and economical limitations and also its existent politics, the space of the state governments' performance can only be thought about its complemental character on the federal government's actions.

A política fundiária do governo Olívio Dutra no Rio Grande do Sul - Brasil (1999-2002): diretrizes, dinâmica política e resultados atingidos

This paper has as objective to analyze the foundry work politics made by the Olívio Dutra's government in the state of Rio Grande do Sul-Brazil, being taken into account their guidelines, the dynamics of the political struggle promoted between the social leaders from the rural area and the achieved global results. This government's freshness is related to the fact of it was being sustained and supported by a coalition of left wing parties and by a group of social movements and also by syndical entities of the field, which was decisive in the presentation of an antagonistic program to the neoliberal politics on energy in a national extent. Hence this government became committed in adopting an own foundry work politics, being opposed to the program of market land reform extolled by Cardoso's government, in national wide. Therefore, the results presented along the article demonstrate that in spite of the assumed commitments and, in face of legal, institutional and economical limitations and also its existent politics, the space of the state governments' performance can only be thought about its complemental character on the federal government's actions.

A política fundiária do governo Olívio Dutra no Rio Grande do Sul - Brasil (1999-2002): diretrizes, dinâmica política e resultados atingidos

This paper has as objective to analyze the foundry work politics made by the Olívio Dutra's government in the state of Rio Grande do Sul-Brazil, being taken into account their guidelines, the dynamics of the political struggle promoted between the social leaders from the rural area and the achieved global results. This government's freshness is related to the fact of it was being sustained and supported by a coalition of left wing parties and by a group of social movements and also by syndical entities of the field, which was decisive in the presentation of an antagonistic program to the neoliberal politics on energy in a national extent. Hence this government became committed in adopting an own foundry work politics, being opposed to the program of market land reform extolled by Cardoso's government, in national wide. Therefore, the results presented along the article demonstrate that in spite of the assumed commitments and, in face of legal, institutional and economical limitations and also its existent politics, the space of the state governments' performance can only be thought about its complemental character on the federal government's actions.