Impacto do programa bolsa família na luta fundiária da comunidade quilombola da caiana dos crioulos: um estudo sobre cidadania

A presente tese analisa como o Programa Bolsa Família vem impactando a luta fundiária da Comunidade Quilombola de Caiana dos Crioulos, observando como isto tem afetado a construção e desenvolvimento da cidadania desta comunidade. Para isto, fazemos um estudo sobre o programa bolsa família, que foi criado com o fulcro de diminuir a fome, a pobreza e a desigualdade social, alcançando, paulatinamente, milhões de brasileiros, inclusive grande parcela dos quilombolas. Nesta seara percebemos que a vulnerabilidade social é uma marca presente nas comunidades quilombolas, principalmente devido à dificuldade de acesso a estas comunidades, além de uma prestação de serviços públicos não focados para sua identidade cultural. Atualmente, grande parcela dos quilombolas é beneficiária do Programa Bolsa Família e não estão conseguindo a autonomização deste programa por não haver uma política pública específica que possa estimular o desenvolvimento dos quilombolas, respeitando a cultura dos mesmos. Destacamos também que a concretização do pleito principal dos quilombolas, que é a titulação das suas terras, conforme previsto no artigo 68 do Ato de Disposições Constitucionais Transitórios da Constituição Federal de 1988, não vem sendo efetivada devido a grande burocracia para esse procedimento de titulação junto com interesses de grupos hegemônicos ligados a bancada ruralista. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa fizemos uso da abordagem qualitativa, concomitantemente foi feita uma pesquisa de campo, permitindo a observação direta dos fenômenos, preservando a singularidade do objeto social. Além disso, fizemos consultas a dados primários e secundários de órgãos públicos. Utilizamos como instrumentos de coleta de dados entrevistas semiestruturadas, optando pela utilização da análise de conteúdo, buscando-se analisar a realidade social num grau de profundidade que ultrapasse o senso comum. Seguimos uma das técnicas específicas da análise de conteúdo, que é a análise temática. Concluiu-se que a regularização fundiária definitiva junto com a concretização de políticas públicas específicas são o caminho para construção da cidadania quilombola, pois permitirá que haja uma segurança jurídica para os quilombolas. E apenas o programa bolsa família não pode ser um propiciador da quebra do ciclo intergeracional da pobreza que muito marca a história dos povos quilombolas, precisando ser pensado de forma interdisciplinar as portas de saída da pobreza, daí a necessidade de capabilities para que o quilombola possa usufruir de uma cidadania plena.

Programa Jornada Científica Infantil XIX, abril 2014, "Por la mejor protección de nuestros mares y costas"

Abarca los trabajos que se presentan durante los 3 días que dura el evento infantil.

Resultados do programa experimental de fumagen de pescado

The fish smoking is a traditional process in most african countries and has been gradually improved to the light of changes in forms, techniques and materials. In Mozambique, in particular, this method is not as developed as expected, because it has more advantages in wetlands during rainy seasons, where there is no shortage of salt and in order to give a special taste to the dry fish. In many parts of the country, mainly in coastal areas, the smoking process is made manually by families: a small fire with any type of wood, close to a small amount of fish on a stick, tilted on fire in order to take smoke and heat for several hours. This process is used in the south (Inhaca Island), in central and northern regions (Beira, Nampula) and was also seen in Niassa Lake. This paper presents a program aimed at the application of existing knowledge about fish smoking process and at technology improvement.

一种TEC地图构建方法与全球电子总含量的气候学研究

Global positioning system (GPS) can not only provide precise service for navigation and timing, but also be used to investigate the ionospheric variation. From the GPS observations, we can obtain total electron content (TEC), so-called GPS TEC, which is used to characterize the ionospheric structure. This thesis mainly concerns about GPS TEC data processing and ionospheric climatological analysis as follows. Firstly, develop an algorithm for high-resolution global ionospheric TEC mapping. According to current algorithms in global TEC mapping, we propose a practical way to calibrate the original GPS TEC with the existing GIM results. We also finish global/local TEC mapping by model fitting with the processed GPS TEC data; in practice, we apply it into the local TEC mapping in Southeast of China and obtain some initial results. Next, suggest a new method to calculate equivalent ionospheric global electron content (GEC). We calculate such an equivalent GEC with the TEC data along the geographic longitude 120°E. With the climatological analysis, we can see that GEC climatological variation is mainly composed of three factors: solar cycle, annual and semiannual variations. Solar cycle variation is dominant among them, which indicates the most prominent influence; both annual and semiannual variations play a secondary role and are modulated by solar activity. We construct an empirical GEC model driven by solar activity and seasonal factors on the basis of partial correlation analysis. Generally speaking, our researches not only show that GPS is advantageous in now-casting ionospheric TEC as an important observation, but also show that GEC may become a new index to describe the solar influence on the global ionosphere since the great correlation between GEC and solar activity factor indicates the close relationship between the ionosphere and solar activity.

电离层垂直TEC映射函数的实验观测与统计特性

When used in the determining the total electron content (TEC), which may be the most important ionospheric parameter, the worldwide GPS observation brings a revolutionary change in the ionospheric science. There are three steps in the data processing to retrieve GPS TEC: (1) to estimate slant TEC from the measurements of GPS signals; (2) to map the slant TEC into vertical; and (3) to interpolate the vertical TEC into grid points. In this scientific dissertation we focus our attention on the second step, the mapping theory and method to convert slant TEC into vertical. This is conventionally done by multiplying on the slant TEC a mapping function which is usually determined by certain models of electron density profile. Study of the vertical TEC mapping function is of significance in GPS TEC measurement. This paper first reviews briefly the three steps in GPS TEC mapping process. Then we compare the vertical TEC mapping function which were respectively calculated from the electron density profiles of the ionospheric model and retrieved from the observation of worldwide GPS TEC. We also perform the statistical analysis on the observational mapping functions. The main works and results are as follows: 1. We calculated the vertical TEC mapping functions for both SLM and Chapman models, and discussed the modulation of the ionosphere height to the mapping functions. We use two simple models, single layer model (SLM) and Chapman models, of the ionospheric electron density profiles to calculate the vertical TEC mapping function. In the case of the SLM, we discuss the control of the ionospheric altitude, i.e., the layer height hipp, to the mapping function. We find that the mapping function decreases rapidly as hipp increases. For the Chapman model we study also the control mapping function by both ionospheric altitude indicated by the peak electron density height hmF2, and the scale height, H, which present the thickness of the ionosphere. It is also found that the mapping function decreases rapidly as hmF2 increases. and it also decreases as H increases. 2. Then we estimate the mapping functions from the GPS observations and compare them with those calculated from the electron density models. We first, proposed a new method to estimate the mapping functions from GPS TEC data. This method is then used to retrieve the observational mapping function from both the slant TEC (TECS) provided by International GPS Service (IGS）and vertical TEC provide by JPL Global Ionospheric Maps (GIMs). Then we compare the observational mapping function with those calculated from the electron density models, SLM and Chapman. We find that the values of the observational mapping functions are much smaller than that from the model mapping functions, when the zenith angle is large enough. We attribute this to the effect of the plasmasphere which is above about 1000 km. 3. We statistically analyze the observational mapping functions and reveal their climatological changes. Observational mapping functions during 1999-2007 are used in our statistics. The main results are as follows. (1) The observational mapping functions decrease obviously with the decrement of the solar activity which is represented by the F10.7 index; (2) In annual variations of the observational mapping functions, the semiannual component is found at low-latitudes, and the remarkable seasonal variations at mid- and high-latitudes. (3) The diurnal variation of the observational mapping functions is that they are large in daytime and small at night, they become extremely small in the early morning before sunrise. (4) The observational mapping functions change with latitudes that they are smaller at lower latitudes and larger at higher. All of the above variations of the observational mapping functions are explained by the existence of the plasmasphere, which changes more slowly with time and more rapidly with latitude than the ionosphere does . In summary, our study on the vertical TEC mapping function imply that the ionosphere height has a modulative effect on the mapping function. We first propose the concept of the 'observational mapping functions' , and provide a new method to calculate them. This is important in improving the TEC mapping. It may also possible to retrieving the plasmaspheric information from GPS observations.

Programa Mata Ciliar no Estado do Paraná: comportamento de espécies florestais plantadas.

2010

Programa de melhoramento genético de pupunha na Embrapa, IAC e INPA.

Estado da arte; Recursos genéticos; Estratégias de melhoramento; Desenvolvimento experimental.

Programa de melhoramento genético da raça Girolando: teste de progênie: Sumário de Touros 2009.

2009