Ocupação dos tempos escolares (OTE): aulas de substituição

O presente estudo procura saber o que pensam e sentem os professores, auxiliares da acção educativa de uma Escola Básica Integrada (EBI), da região de Viseu, sobre a problemática da implementação da Ocupação dos Tempos Escolares – Aulas de Substituição – no 2º Ciclo do Ensino Básico, implementadas pelo Despacho nº 17387/2005, postas em prática no ano lectivo de 2005/2006. Enquadramos esta temática nas tendências de mudança e de reformas vividas com intensidade desde o Estado Novo até à actualidade, dando destaque ao trabalho docente e à sua intensificação. Revisitámos também o funcionamento das aulas de substituição e os pareceres sindicais e das Associações de Pais, face a esta problemática. Através de uma metodologia do tipo estudo de caso, cujo locus concreto foi a mencionada escola, que permite o cruzamento do método qualitativo com o quantitativo, procurámos saber como funcionam as aulas de substituição, como se processam as actividades desenvolvidas neste âmbito, quais as dificuldades de implementação, bem como as suas vantagens e desvantagens. Concluímos, pelos dados coligidos, que a implementação das aulas de substituição, segundo o referido diploma, não foram postas em prática de forma pacífica, tendo acarretado múltiplas querelas, quer por parte do corpo docente, quer do corpo não docente, dado que as práticas destes actores têm sido marcadas pela falta de diálogo com o poder central. Assim, verificámos que da teoria (legislação) à prática (vida escolar) há um desfasamento, o que implica mais diálogo entre as partes integrantes, anulando-se a instabilidade no que respeita à estruturação e funcionamento das aulas de substituição, o que, por outro lado, veio pôr os professores no centro de grandes controvérsias, desvalorizando-se, desta forma, a profissionalidade docente, acrescida de um mal-estar na organização escola.

Performance humana: contribuição para o estudo da influência de um agente de stress e de substâncias psicoactivas nas funções psicomotoras

Universidade de Extremadura

Teste do desenho da figura humana: validação e aferição do sistema de Wechsler à população portuguesa “madeirense”

O desenho da figura humana é um tipo de desenho realizado espontaneamente pelas crianças de diferentes culturas. Este pode ser encarado como medida não verbal da maturidade conceptual da criança. Ao longo dos tempos, na tentativa de construir um instrumento mais eficaz, vários autores desenvolveram diferentes sistemas de avaliação do Teste do Desenho da Figura Humana (TDFH). Assim, o objectivo desta investigação consiste na aferição e validação do TDFH à população portuguesa madeirense, utilizando o sistema de avaliação de Solange Wechsler (2003). Este teste propõe a aplicação de dois desenhos, uma figura masculina e outra feminina, que são cotados independentemente ao longo de 18 itens e 17 itens subdivididos respectivamente. Neste estudo participaram 489 sujeitos, 50,3% do sexo masculino e 49,7% do sexo feminino, com idades compreendidas entre os 5 e os 13 anos de idade da Região Autónoma da Madeira no ano lectivo 2009/2010. Os resultados mostram diferenças significativas na forma de desenhar a figura humana, entre os sexos, as faixas etárias e os anos escolares. Assim, as raparigas apresentam valores superiores aos dos rapazes; à medida que a idade avança os valores obtidos aumentam; e por fim à medida que as crianças progridem na escolaridade os resultados são superiores. Verificou-se ainda que alunos de escolas públicas apresentam resultados mais elevados do que os alunos de escolas privadas, sendo que alunos de escolas rurais expressam valores superiores aos das escolas urbanas. Os dados do TDFH apresentaram correlações positivas significativas com os das Matrizes Progressivas Coloridas de Raven, bem como com as classificações de Português e Matemática. Ao nível da consistência interna, o instrumento apresenta alphas de Cronbach entre os 0,80 e os 0,924, o que lhe confere fiabilidade. Globalmente, o TDFH apresenta bons valores de validade mostrando ser uma boa medida desenvolvimental e conceptual.

Okupar, resistir, insistir : uma etnografia das práticas de ocupação urbana Fortaleza / Ceará

The objective of this dissertation is understand the relationships built between subjects who occupy buildings in a state of abandonment to revitalize them - called okupas, noting which individuals construct such meanings on the practice of occupation and how to organize the construction and maintenance of a collective life project. Having the Okupa Squat Torém, located in the neighborhood of Fatima in the southern city of Fortaleza-CE, as locus and observed through the ethnographic method, followed the social practices of urban segment. I invested in a data collection revealed that the custom of okupas and their domestic habits, inside and outside of okupa, emphasizing the interaction situations, like most appropriate occasions to observe the constant negotiation and refinement of his cunning to intervene in the city . Among the objectives of this research, the main thing is to observe which senses are assigned to the practice of the occupation by okupas. For this, reflecting from the specifics of this urban phenomenon and talking mostly with the tradition of research in the field of anthropology, I tried to address some issues regarding the practice of okupação and organization of the group, which the principles and movements that make these contacts with city etc. The appropriation made by the subjects on the urban space here means understanding them as a cultural expression of a number of collective values, resulting from experience and perception of okupas like themselves. The intention is to show how this practice intervention and collective action has appeared in contemporary times and how my ethnography can contribute to a dialogue on the practices of mobilization and update of the city, considering the Theory of Recognition Axel Honneth (2003) as an analytical category useful to describe the forms of reciprocity experienced by okupas

Análise bioclimática do bairro do Renascença II São Luis-MA: realidade e perspectiva do conforto térmico em espaços externos

The present research concerns about outdoor s thermal comfort conditions in hot-humid climate cities, understanding that life quality is a result of the urban object s type built for the human being in an environment with specific climate and morphological characteristics. It is presented as object of study the correlation between the neighborhood Renascença II s microclimate in São Luis /MA-Brazil, hot-humid climate city, and its urban morphological changes. As well as the thermal comfort s satisfaction level of its outdoor users. The research has as general goal to diagnosis the way these transformations caused by the urbanization influence the Renascença II s microclimate, identifying critical spots of the studied area, in order to contribute with land use recommendations based on bioclimatic architecture concepts and supply bases to urban design decisions adequate to the São Luis climate. It is presented as theoretical bases the urban climate, its concepts and elements. After that, the thermal comfort conditioners and its prediction models of thermal comfort sensation in outdoor are presented. The predictive models are presented along with bioclimatic assessment methods. Finally the use of bioclimatic assessment as an effective tool to identify places that need changes or preservation in order to seek environment quality. The applied methodology was based on the studies of Katzschner (1997), complemented by Oliveira s (1988) and Bustos Romero s (2001) studies that suggest an analysis and evaluation of maps of topography, buildings floors, land use, green areas and land covering, in order to overlap their characteristics and identify climate variable s measurements points; then a quantitative analysis of the climate variables (air temperature and humidity, wind speed and direction) of the chosen points takes place. It was perceived that Renaissance II has no permanence areas as squares or parks, its outdoor has little vegetation and presets high land impermeability and built density levels. The majority of the people interviewed said that was comfortable in a range of air temperature between 27,28ºC and 30,71ºC. The elaboration of a neighborhood master plan is important, which defines strategies for improvement of the life quality of its inhabitants

Avaliação Pós-Ocupação da iluminação natural das salas dos setores de aulas teóricas da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte

The objective of this study is to assess the natural light of the classrooms sectors, at Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. It was applied the Post-Occupation Evaluation technique, by using questionnaires and brightness levels measurements inside the classrooms. In order to check the users satisfaction degree, it was initially done a general approach on the related aspects to natural light: their characteristics, availability, sources, opening systems and evaluating tools. It was also determined the necessary brightness levels for the activities development in the classroom and the Post-Occupation Evaluation technique used in the search analyses. Then, it was made the UFRN Campus` characterization; the models` definition which formed the data collection basis; the detailing of the procedures used in the research, the processing description and the data analysis. Subsequently, the results that clarify the issues raised were shown through quantitative and / or qualitative data analyses. This research notes a high level of satisfaction by the users, despite some problems such as the reflections occurrence on the board, the lack of uniformity and, occasionally, the brightness low levels

Saudosa Maloca, Maloca querida: um estudo morfológico da relação forma/usos do espaço em moradias autoconstruídas e construídas pelo poder público após um ano de ocupação

This study intends to enhance the existing knowledge concerning the patterns of the uses of space for low cost housing in Parnamirim, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, by way of comparative morphological studies in spatial arrangements and articulations regarding three distinct, however inter-related, sets of social housing: (1) a development comprising 21 self-built houses erected on public routes and illegal plots within a tract of land originally designed to be an industrial development: (2) architect-designed houses built by the public authority in order to accommodate the previous 21 (plus a few additions) families occupying the self-built dwellings, and (3) modifications performed by dwellers on a total of those 24 houses built by the public authority after an occupation period of one year. The predominant uses of each room within the self-built and modified houses were represented in ground plan, based on empirical observation, surveys with dwellers and the use of analytical procedures of morphologic analysis of nature predominantly geometric (specific) and topology (space syntax analysis). A scale of priorities was identified in relation to the uses of each room, its geometrical arrangement (adjacency, front/back relations etc), and underlying structures (connectivity, depth and spatial integration) in order to establish congruencies and non-congruencies between a social-cultural order embedded in the self-built domestic space and the design logic contained in the houses offered by official agencies. The comparative analysis points towards the convivial existence of two tendencies: one that seems to reinforce a design logic inasmuch as the additions and modifications performed by the dwellers do not alter but even emphasize the original configuration of the designed houses, and another one in which those patterns are subverted in accordance with a logic which, to a lesser or greater degree, coincides with that of the self-built dwellings

Percepção dos usuários nos espaços públicos: avaliação pós-ocupação em três praças de Natal-RN

The research investigates the acting and the importance for the users of the public squares located predominantly in residential areas. It presents the results of the posoccupation evaluations accomplished in three squares, whose physical, environmental characteristics, equipments and fumitures are different in its qualities and amounts, taking in consideration aspects related to the users' physical and psychological comfort and of the inhabitants of the I spill. The collection of data involved physical risings and of files, observations behavious, application of questionnaires and interviews, analyzed qualitative as quantitatively so much for a larger precision and validity of the investigation. The results were obtained through the relationship among the users' perception the environmental attributes and the different levels of apropriation/use of the studied places. They indicate that the aspects composicionais of physical order of the space affects the type and the intensity of use of the squares intimately, contributing positive or negatively for its valor. It is evidenced like this, that the low freqüentation of the public squares of Natal, is due mainly to referring aspects to the physical quality and the amount of the fumitures and urban equipments. It is ended that the investments and the physical planning of these public spaces should be based in the real knowledge of the aspirations of the population objective, in way to allow its largest use and valor

Layout, conforto e satisfação dos usuários em escritórios: uma avaliação pós-ocupação no edifício da sede administrativa do INPE-CRN

This research aimed to identify the link between the layout of workspaces in offices and the design strategies for environmental comfort. Strategies surveyed were focused on the thermal, visual and luminic comfort. In this research, visual comfort is related to issues of visual integration within and between the interior and exterior of the building. This is a case study conducted at the administrative headquarters of Centro Regional Nordeste do Instituto de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE-CRN), located in Natal/RN. The methodological strategy used was the Post-Occupancy Evaluation, which combined the survey data on the building (layout of workspaces, bioclimatic strategies adopted in the design, use of these strategies) with some techniques aimed at acquiring qualitative information related to users. The workspace layout is primordial to satisfaction and productivity of workers. Issues such as concentration, communication, privacy, personal identity, density and space efficiency, barriers (access, visual and even ventilation and lighting), among others, are associated with the layout. The environmental comfort is one of the essential elements to maintaining life quality in workplace. Moreover, it is an important factor in user`s perception of the space in which he or she are inserted. Both layout and environmental comfort issues should be collected and analyzed in the establishment phase of the programming step. That way, it is possible to get adequate answers to these questions in subsequent project phases. It was found that changes in the program that occurred over time, especially concerning persons (number and characteristics), resulted in changes in layout, generating high density and inflexible environments. It turns difficult to adjust the furniture to the occupants` requirement, including comfort needs. However, the presence of strategies for environmental quality provides comfort to spaces, ensuring that, even in situations not considered optimal, users perceive the environment in a positive way. It was found that the relationship between environmental comfort and layout takes the following forms: in changing the perception of comfort, depending on the layout of the arrangements; adjustments in layout, due to needs for comfort; and the elevation of user satisfaction and environmental quality due to the presence of strategies comfort even in situations of inadequate layout