Is the evolutionary history of the O-type P element in the saltans and willistoni groups of Drosophila similar to that of the canonical P element?

We studied the occurrence of O-type P elements in at least one species of each subgroup of the saltans group, in order to better understand the phylogenetic relationships among the elements within the saltans group and with those of species belonging to the willistoni group. We found that the O-type subfamily has a patchy distribution within the saltans group (it does not occur in D. neocordata and D. emarginata), low sequence divergence among species of the saltans group as well as in relation to species of the willistoni group, a lower rate of synonymous substitution for coding sequences compared to Adh, and phylogenetic incongruities. These findings suggest that the evolutionary history of the O-type subfamily within the saltans and willistoni groups follows the same model proposed for the canonical subfamily of P elements, i.e., events of horizontal transfer between species of the saltans and willistoni groups.

Lack of association between ABO histo-blood groups, secretor and non-secretor phenotypes, and anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies among pregnant women from the northwestern region of São Paulo State, Brazil

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

ABO blood groups and Helicobacter pylori cagA infection: evidence of an association

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Same-sized fish groups increase aggressive interaction of sex-reversed males Nile tilapia GIFT strain

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Gauge groups from brane-anti-brane systems at angles

We discuss a system formed by two pairs of brane-anti-brane that form an arbitrary angle in a plane. We identify the gauge groups from this system which presumably could be used to construct gauge theories.

Free actions of abelian p-groups on the n-torus

In this work we make some contributions to the theory of actions of abelian p-groups on the n-Torus T-n. Set congruent to Z(pk1)(h1) x Z(pk2)(h2) x...x Z(pkr)(hr), r >= 1, k(1) >= k(2) >=...>= k(r) >= 1, p prime. Suppose that the group H acts freely on T-n and the induced representation on pi(1)(T-n) congruent to Z(n) is faithful and has first Betti number b. We show that the numbers n, p, b, k(i) and h(i) (i = 1,..,r) satisfy some relation. In particular, when H congruent to Z(p)(h), the minimum value of n is phi(p) + b when b >= 1. Also when H congruent to Z(pk1) x Z(p) the minimum value of n is phi(p(k1)) + p - 1 + b for b >= 1. Here phi denotes the Euler function.

Simultaneous Determination of Two Groups of Elements in Milk by Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry: Evaluation of Ruthenium Modifiers

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Parental care in the buffy-tufted-ear marmoset (Callithrix aurita) in wild and captive groups

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

The species of Paspalum L (Poaceae), groups Virgata and Quadrifaria, in Brazil - Distribution and ecology

The Brazilian species of Paspalum L. (Poaceae) groups Virgata and Quadrifaria are revised based on herbarium material and live specimens of recent collections. The Virgata taxa are P. wettsteinii, P. rufum, P. regnellii, P. conspersum, P. virgatum and P. commune, while Quadrifaria encompasses P. intermedium, P. densum, P. millegrana, P. durifolium, P. brunneum, P. usteri, P. plenum, P. quadrifarium, P. coryphaeum, P. exaltatum and P. haummmanii. Both groups are commonly found throughout the country, but rare in the wet areas of the Amazonian forest, and better characterized as megatherm plants.

Correlation between maxillary central incisor form and face form in 4 racial groups

Objectives: the purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between central incisor form and face form in 4 racial groups and to investigate if there was agreement among experts in categorizing the central incisor forms. Method and Materials: A total of 160 subjects (40 whites, 40 mulattos, 40 blacks, and 40 Asians) ranging from 18 to 33 years of age were selected. Digital photographic records were made, 1 full-face and 1 intraoral view of the maxillary right central incisor. The outline tracings of the tooth and face images were obtained using Adobe Photoshop 5.0 software. The outline tracings were printed in distinct transparencies, and 3 prosthodontists determined if there was correspondence between the tooth and the face forms by superimposition of the transparencies. If there was disagreement among the prosthodontists' evaluations, the prevalent decision was considered. The experts also classified the central incisor forms into square, ovoid, tapering, or combination at 2 different sessions. At the first session, no instructions were given. At the second session, the prosthodontists were instructed to follow Williams' method of classification. Results: A correspondence between tooth and face forms was found in 23.75% of all cases. Agreement on the tooth form classifications among the prosthodontists occurred in 30.62% of all cases at the first session and 24.37% at the second session. Conclusion: There is not a highly defined correlation between central incisor form and face form in any racial group studied. In addition, the experts were not in fair agreement in categorizing tooth forms.

2-nitro- and 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonamides as protecting groups for primary amines

Procedures for the deprotection of the 2-nitro- and 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonamides to give the corresponding primary amines were developed. The 2-Nitrobenzenesulfonyl group was effectively removed by HSCH2CH2OH/DBU or PhSH/Cs2CO3 in DMF under mild conditions to give the corresponding primary amines in high to excellent yield. For removal of the 2,4-dinitrobrnzenesulfonyl group, the use of thiol alone (HSCH2CH2OH or PhSH) was quite effective. Selective deprotection of 2,4-dinitrobenzene-sulfonamide in the presence of 2-nitrobznzenesulfonamide has also been achieved.

EPR investigation of the influence of side chain protecting groups on peptide-resin solvation of the Asx and Glx model containing peptides

In spite of all progressive efforts aiming to optimize SPPS, serious problems mainly affecting the assembly of aggregating sequences have persisted. Following the study intended to unravel the complex solvation phenomenon of peptide-resin beads, the XING and XAAAA model aggregating segments were labeled with a paramagnetic probe and studied via EPR spectroscopy. Low and high substituted resins were also comparatively used, with the X residue being Asx or Glx containing the main protecting groups used in the SPPS. Notably, the cyclo-hexyl group used for Asp and Glu residues in Boc-chemistry induced greater chain immobilization than its tert-butyl partner-protecting group of the Fmoc strategy. Otherwise, the most impressive peptide chain immobilization occurred when the large trytil group was used for Asn and Gln protection in Fmoc-chemistry. These surprising results thus seem to stress the possibility of the relevant influence of the amino-acid side chain protecting groups in the overall peptide synthesis yield. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.