"C. elegans: modelo biológico do presente e do futuro"

Nos meados da década de 60, o Nobel da Medicina Sidney Brenner propôs a utilização do nemátode bacteriófago, do solo, Caenorhabditis elegans, também conhecido como C. elegans, para estudos de genética e desenvolvimento, dado possuir um conjunto de características que o tornavam o ideal para modelo biológico, nomeadamente a sua pequena dimens��o (ca. de 1 mm), facilidade de observação, facilidade de cultivo e manutenção em laboratório, curto ciclo de vida com uma capacidade reprodutiva notável, presença de hermafroditas e machos (5%). O seu artigo seminal de 1974, “The genetics of C. elegans��� abriu o caminho para a investigação nesta área. Hoje em dia, revistas como a Nature, Science, Genes and Development, etc… publicam frequentemente os resultados da investigação com recurso a este modelo. É de notar, no entanto, que os nemátodes têm sido utilizados h�� muito tempo como modelo de estudo, tais como van Beneden, em finais do s��culo XIX, que observando células de Ascaris equorum, descobriu o fenómeno da meiose. O fenómeno da fertilização foi igualmente descoberto num nemátode. Desde a década de setenta até aos nossos dias, o C. elegans tem sido intensamente utilizado para estudos de anatomia interna e sua correlação com linhagens celulares e desenvolvimento. Assim, Sulston e Horvitz elucidaram a origem e desenvolvimento das 959 células somáticas que, de uma forma constante, se produzem nesta espécie (eutelia). Um dos primeiros sistemas a ser estudado foi o sistema nervoso, sendo este nemátode o primeiro animal de que se conhece perfeitamente a identidade de todos os neurónios, a sua linhagem e o circuito nervoso global. Para além de modelo de biologia do desenvolvimento, o C. elegans tem sido alvo de estudo do fenómeno do envelhecimento celular, tendo sido possível identificar os respectivos genes. Kennyon, nos anos 90, e mais recentemente Arantes e Oliveira, têm demonstrado ser possível “prolongar” a vida deste animal de 21 para mais de 180 dias, o que corresponde a 675 anos em vida humana, através de manipulações diversas, tais como agentes mutagénicos, ablação com raio laser, etc.. Também o mecanismo de morte celular programada ou “apoptose” tem sido estudado neste modelo. Em 2002, o Comité Nobel entendeu atribuir o prémio Nobel da Medicina a Brenner, Sulston e Horvitz “for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death���. É interessante notar pela leitura de “The common thread”, de John Sulston, a importância decisiva da sequenciação do genoma de C. elegans, em 1998, para o avanço na sequenciação do genoma humano efectuada em 2000, e de cuja mega-equipa Sulston participou de forma decisiva. Finalmente, e como modelo pedagógico, o nemátode C. elegans constitui a escolha ideal para diversas disciplinas dos cursos de Biologia, tais como Biologia celular, Histologia, Biologia do Desenvolvimento, Genética, Etologia, etc….

Nursing training in Brazil and in Portugal: similarities and specificities

Objective: To identify similarities/specificities in the nursing training in Brazil and in Portugal. This is a documentary research conducted in two higher education institutions, in January 2013. Method: It was focused on the National Curriculum Guidelines and on the Bologna Process. Results: Common points: objectives and profile of the newly-trained nurses grounded on competencies; teaching of education in/for health. Brazilian specificity: universal admission; three disciplines focused on research; mandatory discipline related to elderly care; two optional disciplines: Alternative therapies and Brazilian Language of Signs; insertion of complementary activities, actions in teaching/research/extension; basis of teaching: compliance with the Brazilian Unified Health System. Portuguese Specificity: admission with regionalized medical certificate; grounded on the European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System; compulsory disciplines: Clinical Reasoning in Nursing; Family Nursing; Development throughout life; Rehabilitative Nursing and Prospects of development of the Nursing; two optional disciplines: entrepreneurship and arts; basis of teaching: clinical teaching. Conclusions: There are similarities and specificities between the surveyed courses.

Prevention of falls in the elderly in the home: promoting active ageing

To determine the frequency of falls and identify risk factors in the homes of the elderly under the Home Care Service of a village in Alentejo (Portugal). Method: Exploratory, descriptive study. The target group were elderly persons under the Home Care Service (23). The questionnaire consists of open and closed questions, and was based on the Jefferson Area Board for Aging Safety in the Home Assessment; Instrument to Assess the Risk of Falls and Adaptations to Prevent Falls at Home. Results: Of the 23 seniors, 13 were men; the mean age was 85; 10 widowers; 11 live alone; 12 cannot read or write; 17 have experienced falls, loss of balance being the main cause. They report changes in vision (21), hearing (14) and rheumatic diseases (14); hypertension (19); they use 4 or more drugs on a daily basis (16). Conclusion: The physiological changes associated with ageing may increase the risk of falls. Due to the consequences, it is a priority field in community intervention.

Conversations with remarkable teachers an exploration of teaching as healing

Through analysis and interpretation of transcribed taped conversations with two remarkable University teachers, Joel Shack and Harry Whittier, an articulation of perception and metaphor that exists in effective teaching, emerges as life giving or transformational. Creative insight and interpretation connect teaching to life. This work demonstrates how insightful conversations about teaching relate to poetic essence (Joel), energy (Harry), and healing (Ray), all aspects of a similar perceptual, creative and transformative process. Teachers shape education and excellent teaching inspires insofar as it is inspirited. Effective teaching is highly conscious and intentional. So much depends on how aware the teacher is, how the teacher sees what s/he is doing and how this doing/teaching is received. The effective teacher, attentive to how this energy works, can provoke positive change in consciousness both in the student, in education and in society. My study draws attention to the healing power of the teacher as he/she teaches and to the process of dialogue as teachers talk about what they do and don't do. For inherent in conversation and dialogue is the desire to affirm whole perceptions of existence. Dialogue and conversation is necessary to creating the kind of consciousness that will aid the reflective and conscientious teacher. The effective teacher attempts to effect change, to make things better. I call this transforming process, healing. And what creates this healing is the life, the attitude and approach of the teacher. The teacher's energy and consciousness, the teacher's perception of meaning, is the active but implicit ingredient in this transformative and healing process. These conversations are creative, theoretical, illuminating and even practical. It is my hope that the contents of these conversations will inspire potential teachers who can consider the vocation of teaching as a healing process that promises to generate positive growth in mind, body and spirit.

Recent developments in neural network PID autotuning

PID controllers are widely used in industrial applications. Because the plant can be time variant, methods of autotuning of this type of controllers, are of great economical importance, see (Astrom, 1996). Since 1942, with the work of Ziegler and Nichols (Ziegler and Nichols, 1942), several methods have been proposed in the literature. Recently, a new technique using neural networks was proposed (Ruano et al., 1992). This technique has been shown to produce good tunings as long as certain limitations are met.

TAG & RELEASE Volume 19, No. 1 March 2014

Tag & Release is the newsletter for the South Carolina Governor's Cup Billfishing Series, an official program of the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism and the Harry R.E. Hampton Memorial Wildlife Fund.

TAG & RELEASE Volume 19, No. 2 May 2014

Tag & Release is the newsletter for the South Carolina Governor's Cup Billfishing Series, an official program of the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism and the Harry R.E. Hampton Memorial Wildlife Fund.

TAG & RELEASE Volume 20, No. 1 March 2015

Tag & Release is the newsletter for the South Carolina Governor's Cup Billfishing Series, an official program of the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism and the Harry R.E. Hampton Memorial Wildlife Fund.

TAG & RELEASE Volume 19, No. 4 Nov. 2014

Tag & Release is the newsletter for the South Carolina Governor's Cup Billfishing Series, an official program of the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism and the Harry R.E. Hampton Memorial Wildlife Fund.

Psicogénese da demência de Alzheimer : contributo para a compreens��o da relação entre a personalidade pré-mórbida e a personalidade atual

Tese de doutoramento, Psicologia (Psicologia Clínica), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia, 2014

Dis)located Olympic Patriots: Sporting Connections, Administrative Communications and Imperial Ether in Interwar New Zealand

During the interwar period (1919-1939) protagonists of the early New Zealand Olympic Committee [NZOC] worked to renegotiate and improve the country’s international sporting participation and involvement in the International Olympic Committee [IOC]. To this end, NZOC effectively used its locally based administrators and well-placed expatriates in Britain to variously assert the organisation’s nascent autonomy, independence and political power, progress Antipodean athlete’s causes, and, counter any potential doubt about the nation’s peripheral position in imperial sporting dialogues. Adding to the corpus of scholarship on New Zealand’s ties and tribulations with imperial Britain (in and beyond sport) (e.g. Beilharz and Cox 2007; Belich 2001, 2007; Coombes 2006; MacLean 2010; Phillips 1984, 1987; Ryan 2004, 2005, 2007), in this paper I examine how the political actions and strategic location of three key NZOC agents (specifically, administrator Harry Amos and expatriates Arthur Porritt and Jack Lovelock) worked in their own particular ways to assert the position of the organisation within the global Olympic fraternity. I argue that the efforts of Amos, Porritt and Lovelock also concomitantly served to remind Commonwealth sporting colleagues (namely Britain and Australia) that New Zealand could not be characterised as, or relegated to being, a distal, subdued, or subservient colonial sporting partner. Subsequently I contend that NZOC’s development during the interwar period, and particularly the utility of expatriate agents, can be contextualised against historiographical shifts that encourage us to rethink, reimagine, and rework narratives of empire, colonisation, national identity, commonwealth and belonging.