Some concepts and models usefulninthe analysis of discrete life time data

This thesis entitled Reliability Modelling and Analysis in Discrete time Some Concepts and Models Useful in the Analysis of discrete life time data.The present study consists of five chapters. In Chapter II we take up the derivation of some general results useful in reliability modelling that involves two component mixtures. Expression for the failure rate, mean residual life and second moment of residual life of the mixture distributions in terms of the corresponding quantities in the component distributions are investigated. Some applications of these results are also pointed out. The role of the geometric,Waring and negative hypergeometric distributions as models of life lengths in the discrete time domain has been discussed already. While describing various reliability characteristics, it was found that they can be often considered as a class. The applicability of these models in single populations naturally extends to the case of populations composed of sub-populations making mixtures of these distributions worth investigating. Accordingly the general properties, various reliability characteristics and characterizations of these models are discussed in chapter III. Inference of parameters in mixture distribution is usually a difficult problem because the mass function of the mixture is a linear function of the component masses that makes manipulation of the likelihood equations, leastsquare function etc and the resulting computations.very difficult. We show that one of our characterizations help in inferring the parameters of the geometric mixture without involving computational hazards. As mentioned in the review of results in the previous sections, partial moments were not studied extensively in literature especially in the case of discrete distributions. Chapters IV and V deal with descending and ascending partial factorial moments. Apart from studying their properties, we prove characterizations of distributions by functional forms of partial moments and establish recurrence relations between successive moments for some well known families. It is further demonstrated that partial moments are equally efficient and convenient compared to many of the conventional tools to resolve practical problems in reliability modelling and analysis. The study concludes by indicating some new problems that surfaced during the course of the present investigation which could be the subject for a future work in this area.

Water characteristics and current structure of the intermediate waters in the arabian sea

At intermediate depths of the Arabian Sea, the circulation and characteristics of water are more influenced by the high saline waters from the north and low saline waters from the south of equator. The interaction of these waters which greatly differ in characteristics is less understood compared to that at the upper layers. An understanding of the nature of the intermediate waters is of vital importance not only because of the unusual characteristics of the waters but also due to the influx of the different water masses from the neighbouring Red Sea and Persian Gulf. Hence, in the present investigation, it is proposed to study the water characteristics and current structure of the intermediate waters in the Arabian Sea through the distribution of the water properties on the isanosteric surfaces of 100, 80, 60 and 4O—cl/t, vertical sections, and scatter diagrams An attempt is also made to present the potential vorticity between different steric levels to understand the circulation and mixing processes. Data collected during and subsequent to International Indian Ocean Expedition (IIOE) are used for this study. The thesis has been divided into six chapters with further sub divisions

Studies on some fish larvae of the arabian sea and bay of bengal

Though several scientific expeditions surveyed tha Indian ocean. their findings on larval fishes were fragmentory and incomplete. During the International Indian ocean expedition (1960-1965) zooplankton samples were collected from vast area at the lndian ocean adopting standard procedures by participating vessels. These planktons provided an opportunity for a general study of the zooplanltton as well as their anotomy. abundance and distribution.. Realising the imortance of the analysis and classification of fish larvae at the family level being one of the most important information required then for the Indian Ocean region the fish larval portion sorted out from the above zooplankton samples was allocated to the author by the UNESCO consultative committee for the Indian Ocean Biological centre. In spite of the emhasis laid on The study of the family scombridae. owing to the paucity of the scombridae material in tne collection. much could not be done about it.However the record and description of the very early stages of morakel larvae made in 1967 as part of this study was the first of its kind. The present study on the distribution aspects o fish larva of such large area in the Indian ocean is also unique and first of its kind

Electronic structure and properties of Cu2O

The structural and electronic properties of Cu2O have been investigated using the periodic Hartree-Fock method and a posteriori density-functional corrections. The lattice parameter, bulk modulus, and elastic constants have been calculated. The electronic structure of and bonding in Cu2O are analyzed and compared with x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra, showing a good agreement for the valence-band states. To check the quality of the calculated electron density, static structure factors and Compton profiles have been calculated, showing a good agreement with the available experimental data. The effective electron and hole masses have been evaluated for Cu2O at the center of the Brillouin zone. The calculated interaction energy between the two interpenetrated frameworks in the cuprite structure is estimated to be around -6.0 kcal/mol per Cu2O formula. The bonding between the two independent frameworks has been analyzed using a bimolecular model and the results indicate an important role of d10-d10 type interactions between copper atoms.

Right to Maintenance Under Criminal Law - A Critical Study

Some study has been made earlier, but no attempt has ever been made to make the study comprehensive and comparative. There exists also no information as to the working of the system. Hence the work is undertaken to provide first hand knowledge of the legal institutions that had handled and now handles annually large masses of deprived and neglected population. An investigation is also necessary to know the legal and social characteristics of the jurisdiction enjoined on the court so that this will help compare the law in the statute with the law and practice. The evaluation of the working system in the changed social atmosphere is also an urgent need of the hour

Maximum mass of neutron stars

We determine the structure of neutron stars within a Brueckner-Hartree-Fock approach based on realistic nucleon-nucleon, nucleon-hyperon, and hyperon-hyperon interactions. Our results indicate rather low maximum masses below 1.4 solar masses. This feature is insensitive to the nucleonic part of the EOS due to a strong compensation mechanism caused by the appearance of hyperons and represents thus strong evidence for the presence of nonbaryonic "quark" matter in the interior of heavy stars.

Role of sea-surface wind and transport on enhanced aerosol optical depth observed over the Arabian Sea

The objective of this study is to understand the reasons for the enhancement in aerosol optical depth (AOD) over the Arabian Sea observed during June, July and August. During these months, high values of AOD are found over the sea beyond 10◦ N and adjacent regions. The Arabian Sea is bounded by the lands of Asia and Africa on its three sides. So the region is influenced by transported aerosols from the surroundings as well as aerosols of local origin (marine aerosols). During the summer monsoon season in India, strong surface winds with velocities around 15 m s−1 are experienced over most parts of the Arabian Sea. These winds are capable of increasing sea spray activity, thereby enhancing the production of marine aerosols. The strong winds increase the contribution of marine aerosols over the region to about 60% of the total aerosol content. The main components of marine aerosols include sea salt and sulphate particles. The remaining part of the aerosol particles comes from the western and northern land masses around the sea, of which the main component is transported dust particles. This transport is observed at higher altitudes starting from 600 m. At low levels, the transport occurs mainly from the Indian Ocean and the Arabian Sea itself, indicating the predominance of marine aerosols at these levels. The major portion of the total aerosol loading was contributed by coarse-mode particles during the period of study. But in the winter season, the concentration of coarse-mode aerosols is found to be less. From the analysis, it is concluded that the increase in marine aerosols and dust particles transported from nearby deserts results in an increase in aerosol content over the Arabian Sea during June, July and August.

Das OEE-Protein 1 des Photosystem II (oxygen evolving enhancer) der Grünalge Scenedesmus obliquus besitzt Thioredoxin-Aktivität

Die Aminosäure-Sequenzierung an dem als "28 kDa-Thioredoxin f" beschriebenen Protein aus der Grünalge Scenedesmus obliquus hat gezeigt, dass dieses Protein mit dem als OEE bekannten Protein 1 aus dem Photosystem II identisch ist. Die früher postulierte Möglichkeit einer Fusion eines Thioredoxins mit einem Protein unbekannter Natur oder Insertion eines Thioredoxinfragments mit der typischen -Trp-Cys-Gly-Pro-Cys-Sequenz in ein solches Protein hat sich nicht bestätigt. Durch Anwendung einer auf das 33 kDa OEE-Protein ausgerichteten Präparationsmethode konnte gezeigt werden, dass das "28 kDa-Trx f" tatsächlich in den Thylakoidmembranen lokalisiert ist. Das Protein kann so innerhalb eines Tages in hoher Reinheit aus den Thylakoidmembranfragmenten eines Algenrohhomogenats isoliert werden; dabei bleibt die Fähigkeit des OEE-Proteins das chloroplastidäre Enzym Fructosebisphosphatase (FbPase) zu stimulieren erhalten. Mit gleichen Methoden wurden die Grünalgen Chlorella vulgaris und Chlamydomonas reinhardtii auf außergewöhnliche Proteine mit Trx-f Aktivität untersucht. Die hitze- und säurestabile Proteinfraktion aus Chlorella vulgaris enthält ein Protein mit vergleichbarer Molmasse von 26 kDa, das ähnlich wie in Scenedesmus eine Stimulation der chloroplastidären Fructosebisphosphatase zeigt. In dem hitze- und säurestabilen Proteinextrakt aus Chlamydomonas reinhardtii wird solche Aktivität nicht beobachtet. Eine Probe des rekombinanten, homogenen OEE-Proteins aus Spinat wurde auf Stimulation der chloroplastidären FbPase und NADPH-abhängigen Malatdehydrogenase (MDH) untersucht. Das Spinat OEE-Protein 1 zeigt mit diesen Enzymen keine Aktivität. Da das OEE-Protein 1 in Scenedesmus starke FbPase-Stimulation zeigt, die anderen Scenedesmus-Thioredoxine mit Molmassen von 12 kDa (Trx I und II) jedoch hohe Aktivität mit der zellulären Ribonucleotidreduktase zeigen, wird postuliert, dass das OEE-Protein die Funktion des Trx-f in vivo ersetzt.

Suppression of root-knot nematode through innovative mustard biofumigation

The nematicidal activity of mustard plant against hatching, migration and mortality of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica was investigated. In vitro test confirmed that mixing the sandy clay soil mixture with mustard as 4% as a biofumigant significantly reduce the percentage of egg hatching at all different incubation periods 24, 48, 72, 96 and 168 h, compared to control treatment (un-amended mixture soil and eggs in free water). Results indicate that the percentage of egg hatching reduction was 88.5, 90, 81.4, 74 and 69.4%, respectively. Mustard mixed with soil as a biofumigant led to high percentage of larval mortality at the different intervals periods in vitro. The percentage of larval mortality was 94, 100, 90.5, 90.5, and 79.4%, respectively compared to control. Laboratory results confirmed that the highest reduction in egg hatching and larval mortality was obtained after incubation period for 48 h. In vivo experiment reveals that the incorporation of the soil pots with mustard at all different doses used 3, 5% (48 h before nematode inoculation, or soil infestation with nematode), and 5% (one week before nematode inoculation or 7% of soil weight) significantly reduces all the nematode parameters compared to plant treated nematode alone. All nematode parameters i.e. the number of galls per root system, gall index, number of egg masses per root system, as well as number of juveniles per 250g soil showed high reduction with mixing the soil pots with mustard at 5% (one week before nematode inoculation), followed by the same treatment for 48h before nematode inoculation. Mustard application, one week before nematode inoculation, reduced the nematode parameters by 97, 64, 97, and 93%, respectively, compared to control. The percent of chemical components i.e. total sugars, total amino acids and total phenols were markedly enhanced compared to positive and negative control. The highest percentage was obtained with mustard at 5% one week before nematode inoculation by 68.7, 57.3 and 45%, respectively. Finally, we have to conclude that this modified technology is an innovative and can be used efficiently to control Root-knot nematode under organic agriculture and Global GAP agricultural systems instead of these carcinogenic nematicides.

An O(N) Algorithm for Three-Dimensional N-Body Simulations

We develop an algorithm that computes the gravitational potentials and forces on N point-masses interacting in three-dimensional space. The algorithm, based on analytical techniques developed by Rokhlin and Greengard, runs in order N time. In contrast to other fast N-body methods such as tree codes, which only approximate the interaction potentials and forces, this method is exact ?? computes the potentials and forces to within any prespecified tolerance up to machine precision. We present an implementation of the algorithm for a sequential machine. We numerically verify the algorithm, and compare its speed with that of an O(N2) direct force computation. We also describe a parallel version of the algorithm that runs on the Connection Machine in order 0(logN) time. We compare experimental results with those of the sequential implementation and discuss how to minimize communication overhead on the parallel machine.

Compositional Data in Biomedical Research

Modern methods of compositional data analysis are not well known in biomedical research. Moreover, there appear to be few mathematical and statistical researchers working on compositional biomedical problems. Like the earth and environmental sciences, biomedicine has many problems in which the relevant scienti c information is encoded in the relative abundance of key species or categories. I introduce three problems in cancer research in which analysis of compositions plays an important role. The problems involve 1) the classi cation of serum proteomic pro les for early detection of lung cancer, 2) inference of the relative amounts of di erent tissue types in a diagnostic tumor biopsy, and 3) the subcellular localization of the BRCA1 protein, and it's role in breast cancer patient prognosis. For each of these problems I outline a partial solution. However, none of these problems is \solved". I attempt to identify areas in which additional statistical development is needed with the hope of encouraging more compositional data analysts to become involved in biomedical research

Anàlisi tèrmica de l'obtenció d'òxids de ceri a partir de precursors moleculars

El projecte consisteix en l’anàlisi tèrmica de l’obtenció d’òxids de ceri a partir de precursors moleculars com són el propionat de ceri (III), el propionat de ceri (III) dopat amb gadolini i el propionat de ceri (III) dopat amb zirconi. Els òxids resultants són materials superconductors que ofereixen una resistència nul•la al pas del corrent en determinades condicions. Per realitzar l’estudi hem fet servir quatre tècniques diferents: termogravimetria, calorimetria diferencial, espectrometria de masses i difracció de raigs-x

Anàlisi tèrmica de la descomposició del carbonat càlcic

En aquest projecte s’ha emprat per primera vegada una nova tècnica d’anàlisi tèrmica desenvolupada pel Grup de Recerca en Materials (GRM) de la UdG. Per a dur a terme aquesta tasca s’ha analitzat una reacció ben coneguda, la descomposició del carbonat càlcic en atmosfera inert. En particular s’han fet un conjunt de mesures en condicions isotermes a diferents temperatures i en condicions d’escalfament continu a diferents velocitats. Per a la realització d’aquestes mesures s’empraran tres tècniques diferents: calorimetria diferencial de rastreig (DSC), termogravimetria (TGA) i anàlisis de la composició dels gasos generats en un forn per espectroscòpia de masses (EGA)

La política como ejercicio de la libertad

Hannah Arendt esboza una fuerte crítica a las teorías políticas modernas y a la inclusión de la economía en los asuntos del Estado con el surgimiento de la economía política. Según ella, en esta línea del pensamiento moderno se encuentran las razones que explican la crisis actual de lo político; crisis representada en el surgimiento de los totalitarismos del siglo XX y en la actual indiferencia política de las masas. Este texto expondrá los argumentos por los cuales se puede afirmar que la crítica de Hannah Arendt se refiere al pensamiento contractualista, tomando como modelo a Thomas Hobbes y John Locke, para replantear el concepto de libertad moderno, y con éste los conceptos de poder y autoridad. Replanteamiento en el que se encontrará una respuesta teórica frente a la pregunta por el verdadero sentido de lo político en su tesis de la acción. De igual forma, se expondrá el pensamiento de James Buchanan como un contraejemplo a lo que Arendt esboza como sentido de lo político y la libertad con la que los hombres entran a participar de la comunidad política.

¿Qué pasa en el páramo de Sumapaz? análisis de un problema ambiental

La investigación acerca de la problemática ambiental que está sufriendo el páramo de Sumapaz, se ha plasmado en un multimedia que intenta recopilar los diferentes puntos de vista de quienes están directamente involucrados con este territorio. El páramo de Sumapaz cuenta con la presencia de los pobladores, quienes en su mayoría son campesinos que viven de la agricultura. Además allí se encuentra la Brigada XIII de Sumapaz, que actualmente combate a las cuadrillas 51 y 53 de las FARC. Históricamente, el páramo de Sumapaz ha sido un territorio con bastantes problemas de orden público. Además de los problemas ambientales actuales que lo aquejan, las condiciones sociales a través de la historia y las disputas por la tierra reflejan un lugar en el que el conflicto tiene de por medio a la población civil, convirtiendo el páramo en una zona hostil. Según los ambientalistas, el páramo de Sumapaz se encuentra en peligro, pues el conflicto armado y la actividad agraria lo están afectando en gran medida, dado que como se refleja en la investigación, esta, es una zona muy frágil y cualquier tipo de actividad desde la siembra de cultivos hasta la presencia humana en masas y su constante pisoteo por el área podrían afectar su funcionamiento. Pero cada presencia tiene una justificación, los pobladores basan su economía en el agro y el Ejército está en función de sus labores; justificaciones que no son válidas a la hora de analizar las condiciones de deterioro en que se encuentra el Páramo de Sumapaz.