Releituras de Celso Furtado: Brasil (2001-2012)

Seeking to explain the causes leading to the developme nt and attempt to understand it, some economists were organized around central ideas, culminating therefore in the development of economic theories. The knowledge accumulated over the work by these scholars will make a significant contribution in shaping t he thinking of Celso Monteiro Furtado . Furtado developed numerous studies trying to understand the dynamics of underdeveloped structures, what their basic characteristics and the main factors responsible for the perpetuation of the status quo of these stru ctures. Starting from the question "What remains of underdevelopment characteristics in Brazil in the light of the thought of Celso Furtado?", This work is guided by the hypothesis that Brazil has not suffered between 2001 and 2012, significant structural changes that it could classifies it as a developed country. It has been for this work as a general objective to analyze the underdevelopment of elements that persist in Brazil in the light of the thought of Furtado. And as specific, characterize economic d evelopment, from the study of the classical schools, Marxist, neoclassical, Kaleckian, Keynesian and ECLAC of economic thought; describe the economic underdevelopment in light of Celso Furtado ideas; and, finally, evaluate from the particular epistemology of thought Furtado Brazilian economic reality, with emphasis on the analysis of underdevelopment elements. It was found that although there have been important advances in some sectors, the country maintains a significant structural heterogeneity. Hence th e relevance of Furtado's contribution to understanding the economic underdevelopment, because he is still a constant in our reality.

Termos de troca, preço das commodities e o crescimento brasileiro : uma análise sob o prisma da restrição externa

This study aims to investigate the relationship between terms of trade and the long-term growth of Brazilian economy, from the perspective of external constraint, between the period 1994 to 2014. For this purpose, it is based on Thirlwall's (1979) original contribution, in order to empirically test the terms of trade contribution for determining the Brazilian growth potential product equivalent with Balance of Payments equilibriun. Using cointegration method, which seeks to analyze the long-term relationship between the variables, and subdividing the period into two sub-periods, 1994-2004 and 2004-2014, we estimate and compare real and hypothetical income elasticities and predicted and observed growth rates, with and without the terms of trade, for each period. The obteined results show that the inclusion of terms of trade in the empirical procedure to test the validity of Thirlwall's Law lead to higher growth rates obtained by the model (hypothetical), for the entire period 1994-2014 and for the sub-period 2004 -2014. This "theoretical" relaxation of the external constraint, caused by the inclusion of the terms of trade in traditional Thirlwall's rule, overestimated the average real growth rate for these periods, while the traditional Thirlwall's Law - without terms of trade - has adapted better to the real behavior of Brazilian economy. Thus, despite having contributed potentially for the relaxation of external constraint on Brazilian growth, the effect of terms of trade may have been offset by the negative performance of other Balance of Payments components, as capital flows and interest, profits and dividends payments abroad.

Dinâmica industrial, emprego e pobreza no Brasil, uma abordagem alternativa

Between 2003 and 2014 Brazil has increased exports by 52%, increased the formal employment and paid employment by 19% and reduced multidimensional poverty by 42%. The purpose of this work is to test the hypothesis that there is a Brazilian Growth Virtuous Circle where these three variables would be connected in order to increase exports and reduce poverty through the salaries transfer of funds. The construction of the hypothesis is made for Export Industry through ideas Verdoorn, Kaldor and Thirlwall presenting the export industry as an engine of economic growth. To present employment acting directly on economic growth is used Wage Led Rowthorn approach. The Capability Approach of Amartya Sen is used to understand the Multidimensional Poverty. The hypothesis was tested using data from the National Household Survey and Aliceweb between 2003 and 2014 with the use of the Generalized Method of Moments and the generation of elasticities between export and employment, employment and poverty, and export and poverty.

A busca por uma política nacional dos biocombustíveis como tutela do direito fundamental ao meio ambiente : acautelamento e avaliação de riscos

The work is to demonstrate the scope of modern-day major regulatory provisions and the policies implemented to adoption of biofuels in the national energy matrix. The adoption of biofuels as an alternative to fossil fuels, is based on the realization of the fundamental right to an ecologically balanced environment mitigating hazards and environmental hazards arising from a postmodern society. However, the change in the Brazilian energy matrix observe the precepts of certain environmental principles to essentially environmental preservation The proposed Environmental rule of law is founded on the realization of the right (duty) key to an ecologically balanced environment for sustainable development. Thus, it is up to the State, in addition to considering the dangers and risks fruits of government decisions, present the possible instruments to mitigate the irreversible environmental damage to the environment. The management of environmental risks present in the ideals of an Environmental rule of law, plays an important role in the preservation and economic development, using, therefore, of acautelatórios legal instruments, such as environmental licensing and the ecological-economic zoning, measures adopted in the light of the principles of precaution and preservation. The adoption of research in the environmental field, improvement and development of environmental technology, building a system to observe ecological changes, imposition of environmental policy objectives to be achieved in the medium and long term and systematization of organizations plan a protection policy environmental, are essential measures to control possible environmental risks and damage guided by the aforementioned environmental principles. Thus, it will be used the inductive method of approach, starting from the analysis of the new perspective of Environmental rule of law and the implementation of biofuels in the context of a post-modern society, marked by uncertainty and the risk of damage, from the study of the principles of caution, maintaining and cautionary measures in mitigating the hazards and potential risks.

Contributo dos eventos enogastronómicos para a atratividade turística do destino – estudo de caso do alentejo, na perspetiva dos organizadore

Face à globalização da atividade turística, os destinos enfrentam o desafio de sobressair num mercado cada vez mais sobrecarregado. Para responder a este desafio, a diferenciação cultural, através da herança patrimonial, assume uma importância crescente. Para tal tem contribuído a inscrição na lista de Património da Humanidade da UNESCO, no âmbito da salvaguarda e preservação do património material e intangível, a qual confere aos destinos visibilidade internacional. O crescente interesse pela gastronomia e vinhos, pelas atividades com eles relacionadas, enquanto atividades culturais e criativas, nas quais se incluem os eventos, associado ao contributo destes para o desenvolvimento económico das zonas rurais, são temas que contextualizam o contributo dos eventos enogastronómicos para a construção da imagem e da marca dos destinos. À luz do contributo do turismo criativo para a dinamização das comunidades rurais, os eventos enogastronómicos inserem-se num quadro de vivência de autenticidade e partilha de saberes e tradições, que permitem associar os produtos agroalimentares aos seus locais de origem, conferindo maior visibilidade a essas comunidades. No Alentejo, uma região essencialmente rural, no sul de Portugal, vários municípios procuram contribuir para a dinamização económica do concelho e ganhar notoriedade através da realização de eventos enogastronómicos. Neste contexto, a promoção dos eventos enogastronómicos desempenha um papel importante, não só na promoção do evento e do concelho onde se insere, mas também como contributo para a atratividade do Alentejo, enquanto destino enogastronómico. Neste estudo exploratório, pretendeu-se estudar vários eventos, de modo a melhor descrever o cenário da promoção dos eventos enogastronómicos no destino Alentejo. Através deste estudo de caso, que inclui 31 eventos enogastronómicos, pretende-se aumentar o conhecimento de como é feita a promoção desses eventos, e saber qual é o contributo dos mesmos para a atratividade turística do destino, na perspetiva dos seus organizadores. Para complementar a perspetiva dos organizadores, realizaram-se entrevistas a profissionais da atividade turística no Alentejo e analisaram-se os conteúdos dos cartazes promocionais dos eventos.

Refletindo sobre a Prática Pedagógica em Educação de Infância e 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico: “Qual o contributo da expressão dramática para o desenvolvimento de competências relacionais dos alunos, no decorrer do trabalho de grupo? "

A questão formulada à qual procuro responder é “Qual o contributo da expressão dramática para o desenvolvimento de competências relacionais dos alunos, no decorrer do trabalho de grupo?” Este Relatório de mestrado é constituído por duas partes, sendo que a primeira se refere à dimensão reflexiva da minha prática pedagógica em contexto de creche, jardim-de-infância e 1º ciclo do Ensino Básico, com turmas de 2º e 4º ano de escolaridade. Na segunda parte, apresenta-se a componente investigativa, no seu enquadramento teórico, metodologia de investigação, apresentação e discussão de resultados e Conclusões. O presente estudo de investigação foi realizado durante o ano letivo 2013/2014, no início da Prática Pedagógica II em 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico, com uma turma de 4º ano de escolaridade. Nele tentei perceber como através da expressão dramática podemos contribuir para a estimulação e motivação na aprendizagem, através da cooperação, interação e desenvolvimento social dos participantes no trabalho de grupo. Neste sentido assumi o papel de professora investigadora e ao longo de quatro intervenções foram sendo implementadas diversas experiências com jogos exploratórios e dramáticos, as quais fui observando, analisando e recolhendo dados de forma a conseguir realizar esta investigação. Os resultados evidenciam que a expressão dramática estimula e auxilia o desenvolvimento das competências sociais (cooperação e de interação) na criança, no decorrer do grupo de trabalho.

Arranjos Produtivos no setor agrícola como estratégia de desenvolvimento gradual de regiões periféricas: Um estudo de caso em Belém do Pará, na região norte do Brasil

Este artigo discute os arranjos produtivos locais em atividades relacionadas ao setor de produção agrícola como uma estratégia de desenvolvimento econômico local e de inclusão social. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, baseada na aplicação de três trabalhos documentais desenvolvidos no Programa de Mestrado da Universidade de Taubaté, SP. Os resultados indicaram que a aplicação do conceito de arranjo produtivo no setor primário é uma prática em exercício na região estudada, e pode proporcionar desenvolvimento naquela localidade, inserindo o pequeno e médio produtor no círculo virtuoso do desenvolvimento regional. O estudo indica a necessidade de ampliar o acesso às fontes de financiamento e de formação de mão de- obra qualificada. É também necessário, em parceria com o poder público, criar mecanismos de redução da distância entre o produtor rural e o mercado consumidor, reduzindo os conflitos típicos da visão centro-periferia.

A Sociedade Providência no Apoio ao Idoso

A problemática que serviu de fio condutor a esta investigação tinha como objectivo principal analisar em que medida as principais dificuldades e necessidades sentidas pelos idosos residentes nas aldeias mais isoladas da freguesia de Alvares são colmatadas pela intervenção da sociedade providência. Sendo um tema bastante complexo, que levanta uma série de questões, optámos por utilizar um estudo de natureza exploratória/descritiva, privilegiando a abordagem fenomenológica, porque valoriza a componente subjectiva, permitindo entrar na realidade social dos indivíduos e compreender o significado que atribuem às suas vivências quotidianas. Como técnica de recolha de informação recorremos à entrevista semi-estruturada e no tratamento de dados à análise de conteúdo. As entrevistas foram realizadas a dez idosos residentes nalgumas das aldeias mais desertificadas da freguesia de Alvares, localizada no concelho de Góis, distrito de Coimbra, concretamente na aldeia do Casal Novo, Roda Fundeira e Amiosinho. Como principais conclusões deste estudo, verificamos que os idosos apresentam uma problemática complexa e multidimensional que se prende com problemas de saúde, económicos, habitacionais, solidão e isolamento. Apesar das idades muito avançadas, os idosos mantêm um estilo de vida activo, continuando a cultivar as terras e a cuidar dos animais até que a saúde o permita. Contudo, perante as difíceis condições de vida e de oportunidades de desenvolvimento económico da região, as migrações ocorridas durante o último século contribuíram para desertificar e isolar as aldeias da freguesia de Alvares, com consequências directas nas redes de solidariedade primárias, nomeadamente nas famílias, que devido ao afastamento geográfico prestam cada vez menos um apoio quotidiano e presencial. No que concerne às redes de vizinhança, através deste estudo, constatámos que assumem uma importância fundamental neste contexto sócio-geográfico, constituindo, por vezes, a única fonte de apoio material, social e afectivo dos indivíduos. No entanto, este tipo de redes sociais apresenta algumas limitações na sua intervenção relacionadas com o progressivo envelhecimento da população na freguesia.

Contaminação ambiental e exploração capitalista ao meio ambiente: os resíduos sólidos na sociedade global

O mundo atual passa por uma crise ambiental sem precedentes na história, o que resulta em conseqüências ambientais perceptíveis e preocupantes. Governos e organizações internacionais têm dado maior relevância à variável ambiental como um dos principais eixos de definição das políticas de crescimento/desenvolvimento econômico, como o intuito de adequar as demandas sociais aos limites naturais. Como consequências dessa forma perdulária de produção e consumo da sociedade global temos a contaminação ambiental ampliada e diversificada. O presente artigo discute a acumulação capitalista no setor dos resíduos sólidos, partindo da hipótese da impossibilidade de se diminuir a geração ampliada dos resíduos, sendo necessário que se crie estratégias de gestão e tratamento para os resíduos baseados na atividade da reciclagem dos materiais. A parte final expõe os paradigmas da questão dos resíduos sólidos na sociedade global.

Inserção de fornecedores locais como fonte de desempenhos em custos de transação e legitimidade: estudo de caso na cadeia produtiva do petróleo e gás do Rio Grande do Norte

The inclusion of local suppliers in production chains has considerable impact on its performance, but most notably in its main actors. The results of this process may be of different kinds and can be analyzed from economic or institutional approaches. This study aimed to verify the existence of different performances of Petrobras due to the inclusion of local suppliers in the oil and gas production chain in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, from the viewpoints of transaction costs and the Institutional Theory. In order to this, were made the characterization of the PROMINP, the description of its actions and results, the mapping of its institutional context of reference, and identification of results obtained by Petrobras in terms of transaction costs and legitimacy. The theoretical framework is based on authors dealing with industrial concentration, as like Marshall, Krugman, Porter and Schmitz, from the sociological perspective of neoinstitucional theory, as like DiMaggio and Powell and Scott and Meyer, and transaction costs, as like Williamson. This is a qualitative research, with data collection done by consulting secondary fonts and semi-structured interviews with nineteen actors of three groups, namely: actors involved in actions of the program, representatives of enterprises and representative of Petrobras. To analyze the content was used the Suchman s model (1995) for categories associated with strategies of legitimation and fourteen variables associated with the three variables assets specificity, bounded rationality and opportunism (Williamson, 1995, 1989) in the case of transaction costs. The results indicate that PROMINP has achieved its objectives by encouraging the increased participation of local companies in the oil and gas production chain, reflecting in the economic development of the state. The Redepetro/RN, fostered and built upon the interaction of the participants, is presented as a solution of continuity to the participation of enterprises in the chain, after the closure of the actions of the program. PROMINP demands responses to coercive, legislative and regulatory pressures of the organizational field, whose institutional context of reference is wide. From the point of view of legitimacy, through strategies to gain cognitive legitimacy and maintaining pragmatic legitimacy, Petrobras can manipulate the environment, ensuring the compliance of the constituents to their technical and institutional demands. Enterprises, in turn, respond to the demands through compliance with technical demands, mainly through the certification of processes, and cultural changes. There aren t clear gains related to the transaction costs, however, gains in legitimacy can be seen as a cumulative capital that can serve as a competitive differential that generates economic gains. In terms of theoretical findings, it was found that, due to its explanatory power for actions that are difficult to explain only in economic terms, Institutional Theory may be used as theoretical support concurrent with other theories. TCE model has limitations in explaining the program actions. In the case, it s emphasized that Petrobras doesn t seek only economic efficiency, but has in its mission the commitment to social development.

O processo de criação do programa Universidade para Todos - PROUNI

From the end of the 80s, the Brazilian higher education experience strong growth, coming from the private sector, which would intensify further in the late 90th Higher education has become a lucrative business. With a drop in the number of students entering and strong competition, the number of idle places in private institutions of higher education reached 49.5% in 2004. That same year, by Measure, was the University for All Program (PROUNI) program, to include high school students from public higher education, offering scholarships to those students in private HEIs. In exchange, the IES gain tax exemption. The objective of this research is to investigate the game of interest occurred in the formulation of this program and identify the model and the political game and has led to the creation of PROUNI, analyzing the process occurred since the wording of a bill, the issue of Measure Law and that the legitimacy PROUNI, with the most important changes made initial model. Since the first draft of the Law to the final Act, the PROUNI was disfigured in its main points, as the percentage of stock for paying students, the process of selection of stock and bond of the IES program. Throughout the process of creating the program, it is quite clear the performance of the institutions representing the private higher education. As reference for the analysis was based on Rational Choice Theory of Political Science. The basic argument of the methods based on rational choice is the maximization of the benefit will be the main motivation of individuals, but they can give that your goals can be achieved more effectively through institutional action and thereby discover that their conduct is shaped by institutions. Thus, individuals rationally choose to get to a certain extent constrained to join in certain institutions, whether voluntarily or not. The PROUNI was submitted by government and public policy covered by the mystical aura of the discourse of social justice and economic development, as in higher education includes a stratum of people who would not have access to the university, due to restrictions in the supply network public higher education. However, the greatest benefit from the program are the private HEIs, which through a difficult time in a scenario marked by high competition and idleness of nearly half of the vacancies offered. The PROUNI became a program that prioritizes access and not the residence of the student to higher education. More serious than a supporting program for students Fellows is a program supporting the institutions of private education

Relação entre ciclo de vida do produto turístico e estratégias de cooperação na faixa litorânea urbana do município de Natal

Tourism in the Northeast of Brazil was introduced as an alternative economic development for the Region by federal promoting policies that focused primarily in structuring the local geographic area. With the completion of these structuring actions, mass tourism expanding the area, as well as spread actions based on cooperation and formalization of governance institutions. This study aimed to examine the relationship between the life cycle of the tourism product 'Coastal Cities of Natal and the cooperation strategies in a historical perspective. Thus was submitted to the life cycle of the tourism product 'Coastal Cities of Natal ; the major projects of tourism development were mapped, the existing cooperation strategies were characterized, and investigated the influence of the cooperation actions for the current stage of product. The specific theoretical support to tourism was built on the perspective of the Theory of Population Ecology, System of Tourism and Touristic Product Life Cycle. Regarding to cooperation the theoretical foundation addressed issues of strategy, New Forms and Collective Efficiency. The survey consisted of a causal descriptive study, using a case study. We used the qualitative and quantitative methodological approaches, and data collected by consulting of secondary data and semistructured interviews with twelve staff working in tourism in Natal. Results showed that the life cycle graph of product 'Coastal Cities of Natal is moving from one stage of growth to a stage of maturity, with a primary upward trend and with crises that are up over the graph. They have been mapped six of tourism development projects of relevance to the product: The Politics of Mega Projects, PRODETUR/NE, Municipalization National Program of Tourism, Regionalization Program, Urbanization Project Beach do Meio and Actions for the Promotion of Destiny. They have been identified sixty-four participating players in process of tourism development, which twenty were considered relevant to the respondents. The main strategies identified for cooperation were the consortium, collective strategy and clusters. Results indicated that co-operation strategies were adopted so that the benefits were obtained at the collective level, dedicated to the strengthening of Natal Destiny and its products. The main reasons were the need of cooperative marketing, international market entry and actions inducing the state. Finally, it was concluded that strategies for cooperation related to product life cycle 'Coastal Cities of Natal' as that work in the consolidation of projects for development of tourism, when the efficiency of collective action is achieved

Planejamento municipal do turismo: diretrizes e perspectivas - o caso da SETURDE

Given the uncertainties of the environment in today's world, strategic planning is again discussed as an important tool to position the organization in future likely. To address this a more dynamic and less linear, trying to adapt the multiple realities, the method of scenarios can be one of the strategies to anticipate future designs. In the public sphere, an efficient implementation of human resources and financial managers require a new approach to the formulation of strategies. Tourism, in turn, presents itself as an important segment of the national economy shaped up as a major source of funds for the formation of the Gross Domestic Product - GDP - of states and municipalities. This study aims to know the guidelines and perspectives of municipal planning of tourism in the city of Natal/RN from the case by the representatives of the sector. The survey was developed based on a qualitative, exploratory, based on the case in the Secretaria Municipal de Turismo e Desenvolvimento Econômico - SETURDE. The results express that the body goes through a time of changes in its organizational structure and in defining its role with the local tourism. The national plan for tourism and the choice of Christmas as the host city for the World Cup in 2014 have stimulated interest in developing a formal strategic planning in the organization. However, when it comes to more complex tools, such as the method of future scenarios, the technical know its definition and importance for future actions. The results presented support the conclusion that the actions are designed intuitively and without complying with the scientific methods developed for this purpose, as the method of strategic scenarios. However, the evidence beginning to emerge from the plans and documents issued by the federal government, as well as the Secretary's own initiative, direct the actions of the body to coordinate and act as a fulcrum for local action to the increase in tourism

O city marketing em Natal/RN e a construção da imagem da cidade

The growing importance of tourism in overall economic activity worldwide has favored the intensification of competition among cities that seek to create environments attractive to tourists and potential investors. It has been common practice to import characteristics of the business environment in the public management of cities. The city marketing is a key tool used by public leaders to promote a linkage between the tourism image and urban image and involves, in addition to promoting the image of the city, the planning of interventions in urban space, trying to formulate a positive image of the city able to facilitate the deployment of capital. This research seeks to understand the nature of city marketing as part of contemporary urban management and analyzes how is its application in decisions concerning the promotion of tourism in Natal/RN. The approach of this research is qualitative, exploratory and descriptive, in which respondents were the main leaders of two of the official tourism site, the Empresa Potiguar de Promoção Turística and the Secretaria Municipal de Turismo e Desenvolvimento Econômico. It was found that there is a strong articulation of public power with private enterprise in the design and conduct of the actions of urban marketing, that from the survey data show that the behavior of target markets provide guidelines for taking strategic decisions relating to tourism. Sun and sea are some key elements explored to form the image of Natal and to authorize the sale of the city as a tropical paradise. However, there is an increase in the diversification of tourism products, seeking to increase flow to the segments of ecotourism, adventure, business and culture. It s also growing the use of local culture as a tourism product, however, the cultural representation focuses on superficial values and does not bring to light the social and historical richness that the city has. Public authorities use the city marketing strategies as a means able to maximize the attractiveness of Natal urban space to investors, business groups and tourists. It can be observed that urban managers seek solutions that can continuously increase the tours, which often manifests in interventions that focus the tourist areas of the city, in oposition of those who do not contribute to a positive reading of the city, which ultimately generate the worsening of spacial and social inequalities

A comunicação interna numa organização pública

The present study compose an analysis on the process of internal communication at a public organization, built on the survey data originary of administrative conduct, observation on the cultural model of the organization and how the interdepartmental and interpersonal relations shows up. The research, exploratory descriptive kind, had theoretical basis on two knowledge areas Administrative Science and Social Communication and was developed at Instituto do Desenvolvimento Econômico e Meio Ambiente IDEMA, in Rio Grande do Norte. During data collection, were conducted spontaneous and semi structured interviews with directors and coordinators, besides the application of directed questionnaire to functionaries in two unites of the institution. Through the analysis and interpretation of the data, we came to the conclusion that the process of internal communication at a public organization fall in with same challenges of private organizations, but with peculiarities that attracts the scientific look specially, in concern of the attitude assumed by the administrators in the conduction of communication functions inside the organization, the profile of social actor and the communication channels used. Although the organizational communication represents more and more a strategic function, as an administration tool, the point that research gets to shows that in public organizations the communication refrains from administrative purpose and with the major objective of giving publicity to the institutional acts and actions