998 resultados para Contribuição previdenciária, legislação, Brasil
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The motorcycle service, a public service consisting in transporting people and small loads by motorcycle, appeared in Brazil in the great Northeast, in the mid-1990s, but soon spread to all regions of the country. No entanto, a sua ampliao e consolidao pelo territrio nacional aconteceu de maneira desordenada e desacompanhada de regulamentao. Despite being present in Uberlndia - MG approximately 17 (seventeen) years, the motorcycle taxi service has not been regulated in the city yet. According to the most common theoretical perspective in Brazil, which considers all informal activities that are exempt from regulation by the government, the motorcycle taxi is considered an informal activity in Uberlndia. In this context, this research uses another approach on the informality, based on Anthropology, which takes as its object of analysis the specific meanings attributed by the workers themselves to their informal activities, to demonstrate how the motorcycle taxi service in Uberlndia - MG, although it was done on the sidelines of state regulation, it is able to create a generis operating logic, developing structures, own rules and regulations. Through ethnographic research method and research techniques such as observation and interview, it could demonstrate that Uberlandia citizens moto-taxi drivers are subject to many different stories, in spite of its social life to some small area of their institutional fragile ties , that shape institutional informality, but not the rule of formal relations, socially constructed through private and own cultural codes. The work also seeks to demonstrated that the point of view of institutional relations, much as the motorcycle taxi service is an activity held on the margins of government regulation, it creates its own logic of operation, a kind of organizational subculture, which guides the actions of bike -taxis in the activities and around the city.
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Esta pesquisa, intitulada Promoo da cidadania pelas rdios comunitrias do ABCD Paulista, sob desafios e enfrentamentos polticos, estuda 11 rdios comunitrias autorizadas pelo Ministrio das Comunicaes para funcionamento no Grande ABCD Paulista. Na regio, cinco cidades das sete ali existentes abrigam rdios comunitrias, como Diadema (rdios Navegantes e Nova Diadema); Mau (rdios Mau e Z); Ribeiro Pires (rdio Prola da Serra); Rio Grande da Serra (rdio Esplanada) e So Bernardo do Campo (rdios Lrio dos Vales, Nova Riacho, Paraty, Princesa e Represa). As outras duas cidades daquele territrio, Santo Andr e So Caetano do Sul, no registram emissoras comunitrias autorizadas para funcionamento. O objetivo deste estudo o de revelar o perfil das mencionadas emissoras; a contribuição que oferecem aos processos da promoo de cidadania e incluso social; seus problemas operacionais estruturais para sobrevivncia e reaes para superao. A metodologia utilizada consiste em pesquisa bibliogrfica, pesquisa documental, entrevistas, visitas s rdios e estudo de programao. Estudou-se o histrico da regio; os conceitos de cidadania; participao; radiodifuso comunitria e a prpria trajetria das emissoras. Na sequncia, houve a consulta em instituies oficiais para o conhecimento das rdios comunitrias autorizadas para funcionamento no ABCD. Posteriormente, seguiu-se a pesquisa com vrias visitas de observao. As entrevistas tiveram caractersticas semiestruturadas com os radialistas e demais depoentes para este trabalho, especialistas na presente temtica. Concluiu-se que existem inmeras dificuldades que as 11 emissoras comunitrias do ABCD Paulista enfrentam para conseguir manter as rdios funcionamento. A manuteno das dificuldades se d principalmente pela fora da legislao responsvel por tal segmento radiofnico comunitrio, que o impede de obter apoio comercial e patrocnios.
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v. 19, n. 2, abr./jun. 2016.
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In the first decades of 20th century the just instituted Brazilian Republic faced the challenge to modernize the country. Considering that the progress was associated with the exhaustion of the forest reserves and with climatic changes, two big issues were seen as fundamental: To Fight the Droughts and To Defend the Forests; headed by professionals who were dedicated to these ideals. This research starts from the premise that these were the main challenges enforced by nature to the Brazilian development; the general objective was delimited in the search to understand the meaning and the conception of the natural world by this group of professionals who faced the shock between modernizing the country and conserving its natural resources. Aiming to contribute with the construction of the Brazilian environmental history and to bring historical elements to the debate about the environment in the country, the author concentrates his attention to the analyses, the discussions and the actions that preceded the regulation on the use of natural resources and the implementation of the environmental legislation in Brazil, occurred in 1934. The investigation uses as methodological basis the theoretical directions of environmental history, using sources of data still little explored and valued. In such way, it is taken as starting point some published papers about this subject during the period between 1889 and 1934 in two technical magazines the Revista Brazil Ferro-Carril and the Revista do Club de Engenharia. National engineering played a basic role in this process while arguing, projecting and constructing the development. The formulated proposals, after being divulged, had fomented the interchange with other professionals and had favored the advance of ambient questions in Brazil, in the sense to preserve natural resources, to construct more harmonic relations between the society and the nature and to equate the development with the environment preservation
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Este estudo, desenvolvido atravs de uma investigao-ao, busca aprofundar a compreenso sobre o papel da poesia e de sua abordagem associado integrao curricular e ao trabalho colaborativo, em programas de formao de professores, inicial e continuada, visando mudana de uma prtica docente solitria para uma prtica mais reflexiva e solidria. Esta investigao desenvolveu-se em uma escola pblica de So Paulo - Brasil, com professores de diferentes disciplinas, coordenao pedaggica e estagirios do curso de Letras de duas universidades privadas. Com o propsito de contribuir para o debate, associamos o estudo terico investigao emprica, numa investigao-ao, recorrendo observao participante e s entrevistas semiestruturadas. Elegemos para este trabalho trs grandes eixos e suas respectivas referncias tericas: i) formao de professores; ii) currculo e desenvolvimento curricular; e iii) poesia e abordadem da poesia. Com base nesses eixos, elaboramos e desenvolvemos o estudo emprico que nos mostrou sua relevncia atravs dos resultados obtidos: viabilidade de construo e implementao de projetos interdisciplinares nas escolas da rede pblica; importncia da interao entre professores e restante comunidade escolar; humanizao do ambiente escolar; protagonismo de professores e alunos. Mostrou-nos tambm algumas limitaes, especialmente o pouco investimento e apoio das equipes de gesto ao desenvolvimento de projetos integrados, assim como a falta de tempo necessrio construo de ambiente propcio criao da cultura de colaborao docente. Esperamos ter contribudo, atravs deste projeto, para que um novo olhar seja lanado aos programas de formao, inicial e continuada, de professores, menos tecnicista, mais crtico e reflexivo, mais solidrio e integrado, mais humanizado e democrtico, bem como potencialidade da poesia/abordagem da poesia nesses contextos.
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The career of civil engineer Henrique de Novaes, a remarkable figure in the academic, technical and political fields, demonstrates its extensive and relevant work across Brazil in the first half of the twentieth century. It covered from the design of water supply and sewage works, road and rail transport networks, works against drought in the Northeast, hydroelectric and harbor facilities to the urbanization planning and architectural projects, which displays a systematic and multiple production. City and territory conformed to his fields of verification, practical and above all, transformation. The search for understanding of the inclusion of a social actor in this process thus contributes to the specific analysis of the doings of Henrique de Novaes, who graduated at Polytechnic School of Rio de Janeiro in 1906. From a polymorphic activity in different scales, one tries to figure how, through academic education or professional practice, urban history in Brazil can be told or built. The introduction of technological innovations matched the purposes of planning and urban sprawl, as well as met the specifications of regulation and institutionalization of public infrastructure services at the time. The overall plans proposed by the engineer thought of the city as a whole, interconnected to the structural networks. At the same time, the knowledge of a larger physical scale the territory bounces back in the urban in a relationship of reciprocity and completeness. The objective research, therefore, tries to understand the roles played by Henrique de Novaes s works and academic education in the accomplishment of systematic modernization of Brazilian urban space and territory, recovering a little known historical figure by current historiography. It is proposed, as methodological axis, that the study of this professional career configures itself as an essential element for understanding the idea of progress embodied in the technical studies and proposals for improvements and sanitation nationwide in the first half of the twentieth century . The primary sources for the construction of this analysis were technical articles in journals of the period ( Clube de Engenharia , Viao e Revista Brasileira de Engenharia ), and technical reports, government messages, newspaper articles published at the time, autobiographical reports and the engineer s verbal communications with relatives. The work is structured in three chapters: "Biographical traces, academic education and 'technical and political' activities" illustrates the initiation into the technical, public and political environment; Chapter 2, "Technique and territory" outlines his network understanding through sanitation and transport services; Chapter 3 "Technique and City" describes the influence of polytechnics knowledge on the propositions of modernization of cities; Finally, "Final Thoughts: An Evaluation," presents an overview of the affiliations and practice of an engineer in the different scales, and its contribution to the modernization of Brazilian urban and territorial space
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This study aimed to evaluate the population ecology of Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris (Linnaeus, 1766) in two urban areas in the north of Paran, an open and other protected by assessing the effects of these two different types of environments on the structure and dynamics of the population and its implications for conservation of the species. The monitoring of the populations were performed monthly between June 2014 and March 2015 in Jaboti Lake Park (Apucarana / PR) and Conservation Unit Parque Arthur Thomas (Londrina / PR). To conduct the survey population data was used the methodology of total census (direct counting of individuals).They were evaluated ecological parameters of the populations of capybaras, such as ecological density, abundance, age distribution and birth rate, as well as performed the analysis of the landscape. It was applied to analysis of variance (ANOVA) to test the differences between the averages of the abundance of each age group per year of observation, as well as the differences between the average ecological density over the years of observation. The standard relationship between the use of classes and land use in the landscape and the ecological parameters of the capybara populations was evaluated by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The trend of variation of average abundance over time to Thomas Arthur Park revealed abrupt decrease of the population in a short period of time (2014 16 9, 14 1 and 2015 71) as well as ecological density in 2015 (0.05 ind./ha). On the other hand, the Jaboti Lake Park, showed an increase in absolute abundance, with marked recovery of the population in the same period (2014 388,30 and 2015 451,73) and coming up with an ecological density in 2015 (2 ind ./ha). The birth rate found Lake Park Jaboti was superior to Arthur Thomas Park, which had a negative rate between 2012 and 2015. The use and land cover analysis showed significant differences from the point of view of the relative contribution of landscape elements in the spatial heterogeneity. Arthur Thomas Park shows areas of dense vegetation and urban areas relatively higher than those observed in Jaboti Lake Park that revealed relatively higher proportions of the areas of agriculture / field and exposed soil. Thus, the present study revealed that the local population structure is directly related to the spatial characteristics of both studied landscapes, as can be seen by the greater abundance and density seen in Jaboti Lake Park compared to Arthur Thomas Park in recent years of study.
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This work aimed to study the structure and dynamic of Phytoplankton and Bacterioplankton in a complete cycle of shrimp cultivation (Litopenaeus vannamei) and determine the environmental factors responsible for the structural changes of these communities. The study was realized in a saltwater shrimp farm (Macaba, RN), between September/2005 and February/2006, and in a freshwater shrimp farm (Cear Mirim, RN), between May/2007 and September 2007. The samplings were collected weekly in saltwater farm and every fifteen days in freshwater farm. Total phosphorus, chlorophyll a and environmental parameters (pH, dissolved oxygen, salinity, temperature, depth and water transparency) were measured. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the phytoplankton and bacterioplankton were carried out. The Shannon-Wiener ecologic indexes of diversity and the Pielou equitability indexes were calculated to the phytoplankton. Bacterial density was determined by epifluorescence microscopy. The data were statistically analyzed by Pearson correlation and t-Test. Chlorophycea were predominat in salt water and in the captation/drainage point (24 to 99%). Diatoms had higher wealth. The species Choricystis minor had the highest occurrence (100%) and dominance (90-100%), thus showing its adaptation to the high temperatures, salinity and low water transparency conditions. Filamentous Cyanobacteria like Oscillatoria sp., Pseudoanabaena sp. and Phormidium sp. had constant levels. The negative correlation between chlorophycea and water transparency, and the positive correlation between chlorophyll a and salinity, showed that the phytoplankton was well adapted to the low transparency and to the high salinity. The bacterioplankton was negatively correlated with the total phosphorus and salinity. In freshwater, Cyanobacteria were predominant (>80%), presenting some producers of toxins species like Microcystis sp., Aphanizomenon sp., Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii e Anabaena circinalis. Cyanobacterial density and total phosphorus and chlorophyll a concentrations exceeded the maximum value allowed by legislation. The means of total phosphorus varied from 264 to 627 Wg.L-1 and the means of chlorophyll a oscillated between 22 and 182 Wg.L-1. The phytoplankton species were selected by low availability of the light, high pH, temperature and high availability of total phosphorus. The bacterioplankton showed high densities (5,13 x 107 to 8,50 x107 Bac.mL-1). The studied environments (ponds and rivers) presented a high level of trophic state based on the high concentrations of chlorophyll a and total phosphorus and cyanobacteria dominance. The composition of species in the ponds and rivers was similar, as well as high concentrations of total phosphorus and chlorophyll a, highlighting the pollution caused by the discharges of the farms in natural environment
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A garantia da memria histrica do ensino em nvel profissionalizante em enfermagem, na dcada de 1970, foi o objeto dessa investigao. Teve como objetivos descrever e analisar o contexto scio-poltico e as circunstncias histricas em que a Lei n 5.692, de 12 de agosto de 1971, das Diretrizes e Bases da Educao Nacional, foi promulgada, bem como discutir as mudanas e desdobramentos dessa no ensino profissionalizante em enfermagem. Trata-se de estudo descritivo, qualitativo, exploratrio e de natureza histrico-social, com base em anlise documental. Optou-se pela Micro-histria para dar sustentao terica discusso dos resultados dessa investigao, pois a anlise dos documentos histricos, sob o prisma de que, embora no seja possvel enxergar a sociedade inteira a partir de um fragmento social, possvel enxergar algo da realidade social que envolve o fragmento humano examinado. A delimitao das fontes histricas do estudo compreende o Acervo do Arquivo Histrico da Associao Brasileira de Enfermagem - Seo So Paulo; o Acervo documental sobre a ABEn/SP, existente no Centro Histrico Cultural da Enfermagem Ibero-Americana da Escola de Enfermagem da USP e a Srie Documenta do Ministrio da Educao e Cultura. A partir dessa LDB n 5.692/71, o ensino de Enfermagem foi totalmente integrado ao sistema nacional de Educao e sua promulgao ocorreu durante a Ditadura Militar e a ideologia do milagre econmico. De acordo com essa ideologia, o sistema educacional brasileiro deveria adequar-se ao modelo econmico desenvolvimentista, com treinamento de pessoal de nvel tcnico, visando aumentar e baratear os recursos humanos para o trabalho. A ABEn, como entidade representativa dos interesses polticos e ideolgicos dos profissionais da rea, liderava os debates sobre as questes da formao dos recursos humanos na enfermagem, sendo que na dcada de 70 mais da metade do contingente de enfermagem era majoritariamente sem formao especfica. Tambm por conta dessa realidade, houve iniciativas governamentais para tentar reverter essa situao. Apesar das questes do ensino da enfermagem no se encontrarem explicitadas no texto da LDB n 5.692/71, os resultados deste trabalho revelaram que a legislao estudada teve desdobramentos nas decises polticas no mbito do ensino profissionalizante e, consequentemente, impactou sobre a formao dos profissionais de enfermagem.
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O autor passou quatro meses no Maranho e em 1614 editou a obra em francs. A presente traduo brasileira, ainda que seja a primeira, considerada imperfeita, na viso de Rubens Borba de Moraes. O texto, porm, considerado um clssico da etnografia brasileira e uma importante contribuição acerca do domnio francs no Maranho.
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Dissertao (mestrado)UnB/UFPB/UFRN, Programa MultiInstitucional e Inter-Regional de Ps-Graduao em Cincias Contbeis, 2016.
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A incluso de crianas com necessidades especiais nas escolas comuns uma idealizao voltada para a oportunidade e o respeito diversidade. Com a Constituio Federal Brasileira (1988), no seu captulo III, da Educao, da cultura e do desporto, Art. 205, rege que A educao, direito de todos e dever do Estado e da famlia [...] denota que lugar de criana na escola, independente de credo, deficincia, raa e cultura. O presente estudo de caso na escola pblica Rui Barbosa, situada na cidade de Ribeira do Pombal, Bahia, Brasil, pretende conhecer a prxis educativa e o perfil dos profissionais sobre a proposta e a prtica pedaggica inclusiva, como tambm analisar o espao fsico, observando se h ou no barreiras arquitetnicas e acessibilidade para os alunos com deficincia e tambm a participao da famlia, em inserir o filho no ambiente formal. Esta investigao tem como base a reviso da literatura sobre incluso, com a utilizao, no enquadramento terico, da legislao brasileira, entre outros autores voltados ao tema. O desenvolvimento do estudo possui caracterstica qualitativa, atravs de observao, questionrio, entrevista, visitas, ou seja, uma construo atravs do dilogo e vivncia diria realizada no turno matutino. Os participantes dessa investigao foram: gestores, coordenadora da Educao Especial e coordenadora do ensino comum, professores, agentes administrativos, representante da secretaria municipal, profissional da sade (psicloga), famlias e alunos do ensino comum e especial. A anlise dos resultados obtidos revela que a proposta inclusiva encontra-se em processo de evoluo humana e arquitetnica, mas tambm regista-se pontos positivos no aumento de nmero de matrculas, ou seja, os pais esto sendo conquistados e adquirindo confiana na instituio. Os professores, apesar da insegurana, da carncia de auxlio, no tratam os alunos com desdm e buscam auxili-los como podem e sabem. Por fim, a escola aposta num trabalho que envolva o interpessoal e intrapessoal em busca da incluso sem obstculos.
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Tese (doutorado)Universidade de Braslia, Faculdade de Direito, Programa de Ps-Graduao em Direito, 2016.
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Neste artigo prope-se mensurar o nvel de educao fiscal do cidado, a partir da base de dados do Programa Nacional de Educao Fiscal PNEF. So apresentados alguns trabalhos que tratam da educao fiscal em nvel nacional e internacional, cujos fundamentos retratam uma educao voltada ao exerccio da plena cidadania. Os dados utilizados so resultados de uma pesquisa de campo realizada com o apoio da Escola de Administrao Fazendria, utilizando como instrumento de coleta o surveymonkey. A amostra compreendeu 1.804 respostas a um questionrio estruturado a partir dos fundamentos da educao fiscal pregados pela gestora do programa (ESAF). Os dados foram tratados por anlise fatorial, sob o pressuposto de identificar dimenses latentes do nvel de educao fiscal dos cidados. Pelos fundamentos, previa-se a identificao de sete dimenses, mas os resultados evidenciaram quatro dimenses latentes observveis e fundamentadas teoricamente. Comprovou-se, apesar das limitaes inerentes ao tipo de pesquisa, a possibilidade de mensurao do nvel de entendimento da educao fiscal por mltiplos componentes, considerando afirmar que a educao e seus fundamentos so entendidos pela populao, que reconhecem a sua importncia, pressupondo ainda uma contribuição ao estado da arte da pesquisa na medida em que fomenta e dissemina a temtica da educao fiscal no contexto acadmico em nvel de graduao e ps graduao e abre campo para estudos que objetivem revalidar os achados.
Resumo:
In the first decades of 20th century the just instituted Brazilian Republic faced the challenge to modernize the country. Considering that the progress was associated with the exhaustion of the forest reserves and with climatic changes, two big issues were seen as fundamental: To Fight the Droughts and To Defend the Forests; headed by professionals who were dedicated to these ideals. This research starts from the premise that these were the main challenges enforced by nature to the Brazilian development; the general objective was delimited in the search to understand the meaning and the conception of the natural world by this group of professionals who faced the shock between modernizing the country and conserving its natural resources. Aiming to contribute with the construction of the Brazilian environmental history and to bring historical elements to the debate about the environment in the country, the author concentrates his attention to the analyses, the discussions and the actions that preceded the regulation on the use of natural resources and the implementation of the environmental legislation in Brazil, occurred in 1934. The investigation uses as methodological basis the theoretical directions of environmental history, using sources of data still little explored and valued. In such way, it is taken as starting point some published papers about this subject during the period between 1889 and 1934 in two technical magazines the Revista Brazil Ferro-Carril and the Revista do Club de Engenharia. National engineering played a basic role in this process while arguing, projecting and constructing the development. The formulated proposals, after being divulged, had fomented the interchange with other professionals and had favored the advance of ambient questions in Brazil, in the sense to preserve natural resources, to construct more harmonic relations between the society and the nature and to equate the development with the environment preservation
