Multi-field simulations and characterization of CMOS-MEMS high-temperature smart gas sensors based on SOI technology

This paper describes multiple field-coupled simulations and device characterization of fully CMOS-MEMS-compatible smart gas sensors. The sensor structure is designated for gas/vapour detection at high temperatures (>300 °C) with low power consumption, high sensitivity and competent mechanic robustness employing the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer technology, CMOS process and micromachining techniques. The smart gas sensor features micro-heaters using p-type MOSFETs or polysilicon resistors and differentially transducing circuits for in situ temperature measurement. Physical models and 3D electro-thermo-mechanical simulations of the SOI micro-hotplate induced by Joule, self-heating, mechanic stress and piezoresistive effects are provided. The electro-thermal effect initiates and thus affects electronic and mechanical characteristics of the sensor devices at high temperatures. Experiments on variation and characterization of micro-heater resistance, power consumption, thermal imaging, deformation interferometry and dynamic thermal response of the SOI micro-hotplate have been presented and discussed. The full integration of the smart gas sensor with automatically temperature-reading ICs demonstrates the lowest power consumption of 57 mW at 300 °C and fast thermal response of 10 ms. © 2008 IOP Publishing Ltd.

Growth of ultrahigh density vertically aligned carbon nanotube forests for interconnects.

We present a general catalyst design to synthesize ultrahigh density, aligned forests of carbon nanotubes by cyclic deposition and annealing of catalyst thin films. This leads to nanotube forests with an area density of at least 10(13) cm(-2), over 1 order of magnitude higher than existing values, and close to the limit of a fully dense forest. The technique consists of cycles of ultrathin metal film deposition, annealing, and immobilization. These ultradense forests are needed to use carbon nanotubes as vias and interconnects in integrated circuits and thermal interface materials. Further density increase to 10(14) cm(-2) by reducing nanotube diameter is possible, and it is also applicable to nanowires.

Semi-analytic slope delay model for CMOS switch-level timing verification

A novel slope delay model for CMOS switch-level timing verification is presented. It differs from conventional methods in being semianalytic in character. The model assumes that all input waveforms are trapezoidal in overall shape, but that they vary in their slope. This simplification is quite reasonable and does not seriously affect precision, but it facilitates rapid solution. The model divides the stages in a switch-level circuit into two types. One corresponds to the logic gates, and the other corresponds to logic gates with pass transistors connected to their outputs. Semianalytic modeling for both cases is discussed.

Parasitic feedthrough cancellation techniques for enhanced electrical characterization of electrostatic microresonators

Capacitive parasitic feedthrough is an impediment that is inherent to all electrically interfaced micron scale resonant devices, resulting in increased challenges to their integration in more complex circuits, particularly as devices are scaled to operate at higher frequencies for RF applications. In this paper, a technique to cancel the undesirable effects of capacitive feedthrough that was previously proposed is here developed for an on-chip implementation. The method reported in this paper benefits from the simplicity of its implementation, and its effectiveness is demonstrated in this paper. This technique is demonstrated for two disk-plate resonators that have been excited in the wine glass mode at 5.4 MHz, though applicable to almost any electrically interfaced resonator. Measurements of the electrical transmission from these resonators show that the magnitude of the frequency response of the system is enhanced by up to 19 dB, while the phase is found to shift through a full 180° about the resonant frequency. This method is proposed as a useful addition to other techniques for enhancing the measured response of electrostatic micromechanical resonators. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

El viaje omnipresente : su funcionalidad discursiva en los relatos culturales de la segunda modernidad

Número monográfico: El viaje y sus discursos

Efecto de la inclusión follaje fresco de Marango (Moringa oleifera) en la alimentación de conejos en desarrollo, en la Finca Santa Rosa, Managua 2015

Con el objetivo de evaluar el potencial del follaje fresco de Moringa oleifera como alimento para conejos y su efecto sobre el comportamiento productivo , se realizó el presente experimento en la Unidad de Producción cunícola de la Universidad Nacional Agraria. Se utilizaron 18 conejos de razas Neozelandés Blanco y California con una edad de 40 d-1 y un peso promedio de 712.19g(127.96)agrupados en un diseño completamente al azar (DCA) con seis repeticiones por tratamiento, l os tratamientos fueron T1: 100% concentrado comercial , T2: 80% concentrado comercial + 20% follaje de Moringa o leifera, T3: 70% Concentrado + 30% follaje de Moringa o leifera. Las variables evaluadas fueron: consumo de alimento, ganancia de peso, conversión alimenticia, Morfometría del tracto gastrointestinal, características de la canal y análisis sensorial de la carne de conejos, los datos se analizaron mediante el procedimiento de análisis de varianza (ANDEVA),utilizando el Modelo Lineal General del Software MINITAB(Minitab®,versión 16.0, 2012). Los resultados obtenidos muestran que no se encontró diferencias significativas (p>0.05) en el consumo de alimento, ganancia media diaria y conversión alimenticia así mismo para la Morfometría del tracto gastrointestinal sin embargo para el análisi s sensorial de la carne los jueces no entrenados encontraron diferencias en la calidad, textura y diferencias altamente significativas en la dureza(1er mordisco). En el análisis financiero se encontró una mayor utilidad al comparar el T1 vs T3 con US$1.10 seguido por el T1 vs T2 con US$ 0.48.

Avances en algoritmos de estimación de distribuciones. Alternativas en el aprendizaje y representación de problemas

131 p.: graf.