Epigenetics and alternative splicing

Dissertação de Mestrado, Oncobiologia: Mecanismos Moleculares do Cancro, Departamento de Ciências Biomédicas e Medicina, Universidade do Algarve, 2015

Estudo do papel desempenhado pelo heterotetrâmero de anexina A2 em células de cancro da mama hipóxicas

Dissertação de Mestrado, Biologia Molecular e Microbiana, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2014

Filogenia molecular do gênero Sicalis (passeriformes, aves) : enfoque na filogeografia do canário-da-terra (Sicalis flaveola)

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia Animal, 2015.

O papel da lisofosfatidilcolina na ativação do inflamassoma NLRP3 e sua relação com a formação de células gordurosas

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Molecular, 2016.

Molecular biology of prolactin and prolactin receptor in a marine teleost: the sea bream(Sparus aurata)

Tese de dout. em Biologia, especialidade de Biologia Molecular, Unidade de Ciências e Tecnologias dos Recursos Aquáticos, Univ. do Algarve

Eficacia de las terapias celular y génica como agentes inmunomoduladores en el tratamiento de la esclerosis múltiple

El interferón beta (IFNb) ha sido uno de los fármacos más utilizados en el tratamiento de la esclerosis múltiple (EM), gracias a su efecto inmunomodulador, antiproliferativo y antiviral. Sin embargo, existe un porcentaje de pacientes que responden de forma subóptima al tratamiento, sugiriendo la necesidad de buscar alternativas terapéuticas innovadoras. En este contexto se ha observado que las células madre mesenquimales derivadas del tejido adiposo (AdMSCs) presentan capacidad inmunomoduladora, neuroprotectora y regeneradora del tejido dañado en ensayos preclínicos con el modelo animal más frecuentemente usado en el estudio de la EM, la Encefalomielitis Autoinmune Experimental (EAE), lo que las hace buenas candidatas como terapia alternativa para la EM. Además, su capacidad de migración hacia el tejido dañado les confiere potencial para ser utilizadas como transportadoras de factores terapéuticos hacia las zonas lesionadas del SNC. Por ello, nos planteamos evaluar la eficacia terapéutica de las terapias celular con AdMSCs y génica con AdMSCs modificadas genéticamente para producir IFNb, en modelos de EAE. Para llevarlo a cabo se realizó la caracterización de la población de AdMSCs de la cepa de ratón SJL/jCrL (SJL-AdMSCs), usando como control las AdMSCs de la cepa C57BL/6, ampliamente caracterizadas en la literatura, la generación de líneas de AdMSCs secretoras de IFNb (AdMSCs-IFNb) mediante lentivirus y su posterior caracterización y comparación con las mismas células sin transducir, la evaluación de los efectos de las terapias celulares autóloga, alogénica y génica en los modelos de EAE crónico progresivo (EAE-CP) y remitente recurrente (EAE-RR) y el estudio de la migración de las AdMSCs administradas como terapia autóloga y de las AdMSCs-IFNb. Los resultados obtenidos en cada uno de los objetivos planteados nos condujeron a una serie de conclusiones: las SJL-AdMSCs aisladas, cultivadas y expandidas bajo nuestras condiciones experimentales, cumplen los criterios mínimos determinados para ser consideradas células madre mesenquimales. Además, estas células presentan eficacia clínica y efectos neuroinmunomoduladores al ser utilizadas como transplantes autólogos y alogénicos en animales con EAE-RR y EAE-CP respectivamente. Por otro lado, las SJL-AdMSCs constituyen una población apta para dar soporte al desarrollo de la terapia génica, ya que la alteración de su material genético por la inserción del IFNb no supone la modificación de sus propiedades biológicas ni funcionales en estudios preclínicos en modelos de EM. Estas AdMSCs-IFNb, constituyen una línea de células mesenquimales de crecimiento estable que produce elevados niveles de IFNb de forma constitutiva. Además, los transplantes con AdMSCs-IFNb son eficaces como tratamiento terapéutico en animales con EAE-RR y EAE-CP al modular tanto la sintomatología como los procesos inflamatorios y neurodegenerativos propios de la enfermedad. Sin embargo, los resultados no permiten discriminar si los efectos observados son debidos a las propiedades del inmunomodulador secretado, a las propias células mesenquimales o a la acción conjunta de ambos. En último lugar, la migración celular de las AdMSCs autólogas se potencia por los estados de inflamación activa en ambos modelos de EAE, mostrando una amplia biodistribución celular. La localización prioritaria fue inicialmente en pulmones y, posteriormente en zona de órganos linfáticos, como hígado y bazo, y del SNC a nivel de la médula espinal. La señal bioluminiscente de las AdMSCs-IFNb en el modelo EAE-CP es mayor que la emitida por las células de la terapia autóloga. Sin embargo, la migración de las células transfectadas no aparece fuertemente influenciada por los procesos proinflamatorios. En el modelo EAE-RR estas diferencias entre terapias son incluso más moderadas. Las áreas donde se registra señal son similares a las de las células autólogas, apareciendo principalmente en zonas correspondientes a pulmones, hígado, bazo y médula espinal a lo largo del tiempo experimental.

Potencial terapêutico de um heparinóide isolado do invertebrado marinho Litopenaeus vannamei

The occurrence of bioactive compounds in marine organisms comes awaking the interest of the pharmaceutical industry. Heparin, a sulfated polysaccharide which presence was already identified in several marine invertebrates, is very attractive due its remarkable functional versatility. Besides to intervene in blood coagulation, this molecule has a great anti-inflammatory potential. However, its strong anticoagulant activity difficult the clinical exploitation of its anti-inflammatory properties. Thus, the aims of this work were to evaluate the effect of a heparin-like compound (heparinoid), isolated from the cephalotorax of the Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp, on the inflammatory response, hemostasia and synthesis of antithrombotic heparan sulfate by endothelial cells, besides studying some aspects concerning its structure. The purified heparinoid was structurally characterized following an analytical boarding, involving electrophoresis and chromatography. The structural analysis have shown that this compound possess a high content of glucuronic acid residues and disulfated disaccharide units. In contrast to mammalian heparin, the heparinoid was incapable to stimulate the synthesis of heparan sulfate by endothelial cells in the tested concentrations, beyond to show reduced anticoagulant activity and hemorrhagic effect. In a model of acute inflammation, the compound isolated from the shrimp reduced more than 50% of the cellular infiltration. Besides reduce the activity of MMP-9 and proMMP-2 of the peritoneal lavage of inflamed animals, the heparinoid also reduced the activity of MMP-9 secreted by activated human leukocytes. These results demonstrate the potential of heparinoid from L. vannamei to intervene in the inflammatory response. For possessing reduced anticoagulant activity and hemorrhagic effect, this compound can serve as a structural model to direct the development of more specific therapeutical agents to the treatment of inflammatory diseases

Avaliação do efeito citotóxico da lectina da esponja marinha Cliona varians contra células de leucemia mielóide crônica

In this study, a BCR-ABL expressing human chronic myelogenous leukaemia cell line (K562) was used to investigate the antitumoral potential of a novel lectin (CvL) purified from the marine sponge Cliona varians. CvL inhibited the growth of K562 cells with an IC50 value of 70 g/ml, but was ineffective to normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes in the same range of concentrations tested (180 g/ml). Cell death occurred after 72 h of exposure to the lectin and with sign of apoptosis as analysed by DAPI staining. Investigation of the possible effectors of this process showed that cell death occurred in the presence of Bcl-2 and Bax expression, and involved a caspase-independent pathway. Confocal fluorescence microscopy indicated a major role for the lysosomal protease cathepsin B in mediating cell death. Accordingly, pre-incubation of K562 cells with the cathepsin inhibitor L-trans-epoxysuccinyl-L-leucylamido-(4-guanidino)butane (E-64) abolished the cytotoxic effect of CvL. Furthermore, we found upregulation of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) and down-modulation of p65 subunit of nuclear factor kappa B (NFB) expression in CvL-treated cells. These effects were accompanied by increased levels of p21 and downmodulation of pRb, suggesting that CvL is capable of cell cycle arrest. Collectively, these findings suggest that cathepsin B acts as death mediator in CvL-induced cytotoxicity possibly in a still uncharacterized connection with the membrane death receptor pathway

Molecular analysis confirms Madeira as source for insular and continental introduced populations of Teira dugesii (Sauria: Lacertidae)

In this work, we use phylogenetic analyses to assess the putative origin of the Lisbon, Azorean, and Canarian populations. The identification of the origin of these three introduced populations is expected to provide insights into the invasion pattern of this species.

Estabelecimento de protocolo para análise multi-hormonal em gemas de macieira durante o período de endodormência.

A macieira se torna endodormente durante o outono/inverno em resposta a estímulos ambientais, requerendo um somatório de frio para superar este estado. O controle deste processo está intimamente associado ao genótipo e as condições de cultivo. Já existem resultados isolados da variação de alguns hormônios, mas não consideram a inter-relação e o balanço destes compostos ao longo do período hibernal. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um protocolo para uma análise simultânea de diferentes hormônios (ácido abscísico, auxina, giberelina, zeatina, ácido salicílico e jasmonato) em gemas, visando caracterizar o balanço destes compostos durante o processo de endodormência.

Estudo do potencial biotecnológico de utilização do gene codificador da Galactinol Sintase (GolS) como marcador do processo de ecodormência de gemas em macieira.

A macieira (Malus domestica Borkh.), uma das frutíferas mais importantes de regiões de clima temperado, é caracterizada pela cessação de crescimento visível durante o inverno, processo chamado de dormência. A dormência de gemas permite que a planta sobreviva a baixas temperaturas e é determinante para a eficiência na produção de maçãs. Entender o processo de dormência, assim como seus mecanismos de controle, tornou-se fundamental para contornar as perdas na produção, seja por meio de técnicas de manejo ou pela geração de variedades comerciais melhores adaptadas às regiões de cultivo.

Vibrational spectroscopy of phthalocyanine and naphthalocyanine in sandwich-type (na)phthalocyaninato and porphyrinato rare earth complexes : (Part 10) The infrared and Raman characteristics of phthalocyanine in heteroleptic bis(phthalocyaninato) rare earth complexes with decreased molecular symmetry

The infrared (IR) spectroscopic data for a series of eleven heteroleptic bis(phthalocyaninato) rare earth complexes MIII(Pc)[Pc(α-OC5H11)4] (M = Sm–Lu, Y) [H2Pc = unsubstituted phthalocyanine, H2Pc(α-OC5H11)4 = 1,8,15,22-tetrakis(3-pentyloxy)phthalocyanine] have been collected with 2 cm−1 resolution. Raman spectroscopic properties in the range of 500–1800 cm−1 for these double-decker molecules have also been comparatively studied using laser excitation sources emitting at 632.8 and 785 nm. Both the IR and Raman spectra for M(Pc)[Pc(α-OC5H11)4] are more complicated than those of homoleptic bis(phthalocyaninato) rare earth analogues due to the decreased molecular symmetry of these double-decker compounds, namely C4. For this series, the IR Pc√− marker band appears as an intense absorption at 1309–1317 cm−1, attributed to the pyrrole stretching. With laser excitation at 632.8 nm, Raman vibrations derived from isoindole ring and aza stretchings in the range of 1300–1600 cm−1 are selectively intensified. In contrast, when excited with laser radiation of 785 nm, the ring radial vibrations of isoindole moieties and dihedral plane deformations between 500 and 1000 cm−1 for M(Pc)[Pc(α-OC5H11)4] intensify to become the strongest scatterings. Both techniques reveal that the frequencies of pyrrole stretching, isoindole breathing, isoindole stretchings, aza stretchings and coupling of pyrrole and aza stretchings depend on the rare earth ionic size, shifting to higher energy along with the lanthanide contraction due to the increased ring-ring interaction across the series. The assignments of the vibrational bands for these compounds have been made and discussed in relation to other unsubstituted and substituted bis(phthalocyaninato) rare earth analogues, such as M(Pc)2 and M(OOPc)2 [H2OOPc = 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octakis(octyloxy)phthalocyanine].

Time-Dependent Density Functional Molecular Orbital and Excited State Calculations on Bis(porphyrinyl)butadiynes in the Monocationic, Neutral, Monoanionic, and Dianionic Oxidation States

We report a theoretical study of the multiple oxidation states (1+, 0, 1−, and 2−) of a meso,meso-linked diporphyrin, namely bis[10,15,20-triphenylporphyrinatozinc(II)-5-yl]butadiyne (4), using Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TDDFT). The origin of electronic transitions of singlet excited states is discussed in comparison to experimental spectra for the corresponding oxidation states of the close analogue bis{10,15,20-tris[3‘,5‘-di-tert-butylphenyl]porphyrinatozinc(II)-5-yl}butadiyne (3). The latter were measured in previous work under in situ spectroelectrochemical conditions. Excitation energies and orbital compositions of the excited states were obtained for these large delocalized aromatic radicals, which are unique examples of organic mixed-valence systems. The radical cations and anions of butadiyne-bridged diporphyrins such as 3 display characteristic electronic absorption bands in the near-IR region, which have been successfully predicted with use of these computational methods. The radicals are clearly of the “fully delocalized” or Class III type. The key spectral features of the neutral and dianionic states were also reproduced, although due to the large size of these molecules, quantitative agreement of energies with observations is not as good in the blue end of the visible region. The TDDFT calculations are largely in accord with a previous empirical model for the spectra, which was based simplistically on one-electron transitions among the eight key frontier orbitals of the C4 (1,4-butadiyne) linked diporphyrins.