Leisure time behaviors: Prevalence, correlates and associations with overweight in Brazilian adults. A cross-sectional analysis

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Effective diffusion coefficients behavior in osmotic dehydration of apple slices considering shrinking and local concentration dependence

The mass transfer during osmotic dehydration of apple slices immersed in 40, 50 and 60% (w/w) aqueous sucrose solutions was investigated to evaluate the influence of solution concentration on diffusivities. In the mathematical model, the diffusion coefficients were functions of the local water and sucrose concentration. The mass transfer equations were, simultaneously, solved for water and sucrose using an implicit numerical method. Material coordinates following the shrinkage of the solid were used. The predicted concentration profiles were integrated and compared to experimental data, showing a reasonable agreement with the measured data. on average, the effective diffusion coefficients for water and sucrose decreased as the osmotic solution concentration increased; that is the behavior of the binary coefficients in water-sucrose solutions. However, the diffusivities expressed as a function of the local concentration in the slices varied between the treatments. Water diffusion coefficients showed a remarkable variation throughout the slice and unusual behavior, which was associated to the cellular structure changes observed in tissue immersed in osmotic solutions. Cell structure changes occurred in different ways: moderate plasmolysis at 40%, accentuated plasmolysis at 50% and generalized damage of the cells at 60%. Intact vacuoles were observed after a long time of exposure (30 h) to 40 and 50% solutions. Effects of the concentration on tissue changes make it difficult to generalize the behavior of diffusion coefficients.

Relic abundance of mass-varying cold dark matter particles

In models of coupled dark energy and dark matter the mass of the dark matter particle depends on the cosmological evolution of the dark energy field. In this Letter we exemplify in a simple model the effects of this mass variation on the relic abundance of cold dark matter. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Search for resonances in the dijet mass spectrum from 7 TeV pp collisions at CMS

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Determination of the pole and (MS)over-bar masses of the top quark from the t(t)over-bar cross section

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Neutrino masses and the scalar sector of a B-L extension of the standard model

We consider an electroweak model based on the gauge symmetry SU(2)(L) circle times U(1)(Y') circle times U(1)(B-L) which has right-handed neutrinos with different exotic B - L quantum numbers. Because of this particular feature we are able to write Yukawa terms, and right-handed neutrino mass terms, with scalar fields that can develop vacuum expectation values belonging to different energy scales. We make a detailed study of the scalar and the Yukawa neutrino sectors to show that this model is compatible with the observed solar and atmospheric neutrino mass scales and the tribimaximal mixing matrix. We also show that there are dark matter candidates if a Z(2) symmetry is included.

Search for supersymmetry in events with a lepton, a photon, and large missing transverse energy in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Effect of temperature on the interaction between the nonionic surfactant C(12)E(5) and poly(ethylene oxide) investigated by dynamic light scattering and fluorescence methods

The interaction between the nonionic surfactant C(12)E(5) and a high molar mass (M = 5.94 x 10(5)) poly(ethylene oxide) (PEG) in aqueous solution has been examined as a function of temperature by dynamic light scattering and fluorescence methods over a broad concentration range. Clusters of small surfactant micelles form within the PEO coil, leading to its extension. The hydrodynamic radius of the complex increases strongly with temperature as well as with the concentrations of surfactant and polymer. At high concentrations of the surfactant, the coil/micellar cluster complex coexists with free C(12)E(5) micelles in the solution. Fluorescence quenching measurements show a moderate micellar growth from 155 to 203 monomers in PEO-free solutions of C(12)E(5) over a wide concentration range (0.02-2.5%) at 8 degrees C. Below 0.25% C(12)E(5), the average aggregation number (N) of the micelles is smaller in the presence of PEO than in its absence. However, N increases with increasing surfactant concentration up to a plateau value of about 270 at about 1.2% (ca. 30 mM) C(12)E(5). At high surfactant concentrations, N is larger in the presence of polymer than in its absence, a finding which is connected to a significant lowering of the clouding temperature due to the PEO at these compositions. Similar results of increasing aggregation number followed by a plateau were also found at a fixed concentration of surfactant (2.5%) and varied PEO.

Mass fractal characteristics of sonogels prepared from sonohydrolysis of tetraethoxysilane with additions of dimethylformamide

Wet silica gels with similar to 1.4 x 10(-3) mol SiO2/cm(3) and similar to 90 vol.% liquid phase were prepared from the sonohydrolysis of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) with different additions of dimethylformamide (DMF). Aerogels were obtained by CO2 supercritical extraction. The samples were studied mainly by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and nitrogen adsorption. Wet gels exhibit a mass fractal structure with fractal dimension D increasing from 2.23 to 2.35 and characteristic length xi decreasing from similar to 9.4 nm to similar to 5.1 nm, as the DMF/TEOS molar ratio is increased from 0 to 4. The supercritical process apparently eliminates some porosity, shortening the fractality domain in the mesopore region and developing an apparent surface/mass fractal (with correlated mass fractal dimension D-m similar to 2.6 and surface fractal dimension D-s similar to 2.3) in the micropore region. The fundamental role of the DMF addition on the structure of the aerogels is to diminish the porosity and the pore mean size, without, however, modify substantially the specific surface area and the average size of the silica particle of the solid network. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Periodic collisions between the moon Prometheus and Saturn's F ring

Saturn's F ring, which lies 3,400 km beyond the edge of the main ring system, was discovered by the Pioneer 11 spacecraft(1) in 1979. It is a narrow, eccentric ring which shows an unusual 'braided' appearance in several Voyager 1 images' obtained in 1980, although it appears more regular in images from Voyager 2 obtained nine months later(3). The discovery of the moons Pandora and Prometheus orbiting on either side of the ring provided a partial explanation for some of the observed features(4). Recent observations of Prometheus(5,6) by the Hubble Space Telescope show, surprisingly, that it is lagging behind its expected position by similar to 20 degrees. By modelling the dynamical evolution of the entire Prometheus-F ring-Pandora system, we show here that Prometheus probably encountered the core of the F ring in 1994 and that it may still be entering parts of the ring once per orbit. Collisions with objects in the F ring provide a plausible explanation for the observed lag and imply that the mass of the F ring is probably less than 25% that of Prometheus.

OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION RELATED TO SIZE AND SEX IN THE TROPICAL MILLIPEDE PSEUDONANNOLENE-TRICOLOR (DIPLOPODA, SPIROSTREPTIDA)

1. The oxygen consumption of the tropical millipede, Pseudonannolene tricolor (Spirostreptida, Pseudonannolenidae) was studied in both male and female animals (body mass varying from 0.242 to 2.802 g) using a Warburg microrespirometer at 25-degrees-C.2. The allometric equation M = a W(b) was used in order to check the metabolic increases with increasing body mass. The b exponents were, respectively, 0.68 for males and 0.60 for females.3. Results are discussed in terms of the meaning of the b values in Diplopoda and animals in general.4. A relationship between volume and body mass in P. tricolor is also reported.

Obesity and Physical Activity in the Daily Life of Patients with COPD

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Bioelectric impedance overestimates the body fat in overweight and underestimates in Brazilian obese women: a comparation with Segal equation 1

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Politics, press and military participation in the abdication of d. Pedro I

This work seeks to contribute to a better understanding of the Abdication, analyzing how and why sections of the army joined the liberal groups against the emperor, focusing on the period that immediately preceded this event. The argument is that the alliance between sections of the army and the liberal groups in 1831 was possible because the expansion of the "public space" in the city of Rio de Janeiro, a process in which newspapers such as "O Republico" played a key role as they became a privileged locus for political disputes. The article shows that that newspaper helped to build a political identity based on the defense of Brazilian interests against Portuguese despotism, giving momentum to internal conflicts around this subject that were already taking place among sections of the army and hence triggering the process that would lead to the Abdication.

Testes size in leptodactylid frogs and occurrence of multimale spawning in the genus Leptodactylus in Brazil

Although rare, some anurans show multimale spawning. Herein we present data on testes mass relative to body mass for 11 leptodactylids and report multimale spawning in Leptodactylus chaquensis and Leptodactylus podicipinus. Testes mass averaged 4.13% of body mass for L. chaquensis and 0.75% for L. podicipinus. Testes size of both leptodactylid species with multimale spawning show that they are large and close to values recorded for rhacophorid frogs with multimale breeding (0.71-7.79%). Large testes size in frogs with multimale spawning supports the sperm competition hypothesis.