Neljä perspektiiviä Aki Kaurismäen uraan ja elokuvaan

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

"A1 alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikauslehdessä" : uusien julkaisukäytänteiden omaksuminen ihmistieteissä 2000-luvulla

Referee-artikkeli

Valtatien 2 liikenneturvallisuustarkastus välillä Loimaa–Pori

Valtatie 2 Helsingistä Poriin toimii Satakunnan maakunnan pääliikenneyhteytenä pääkaupunkiseudulle ja se kuuluu EU:n päättämään TEN-T-verkkoon. Yhteysvälin pituudesta puolet sijaitsee Varsinais-Suomen ELY-keskuksen alueella ulottuen Loimaan, Huittisten, Kokemäen, Harjavallan, Nakkilan, Ulvilan ja Porin alueelle. Valtatietä on vuosien saatossa parannettu kohteittain pienempinä kokonaisuuksina: on porrastettu liittymiä, on rakennettu eritasoliittymiä ja vilkkaimmille osuuksille on tehty nelikaistaistuksia ja ohituskaistoja. Nykyisen tien liikennemäärät ja palvelutaso vaihtelevat kuitenkin osuuksittain merkittävästi. Valtatien parantamiseksi on laadittu erillissuunnitelmia ja valtatien parantamista on sivuttu sekä liikennejärjestelmä- että kunnittaisissa liikenneturvallisuussuunnitelmissa. Koko valtatien 2 parantamiseksi on käynnistymässä vuonna 2016 palvelutasolähtöinen kehittämisselvitys. Nykytilanteen analyysin, maastokäyntien ja työryhmätyöskentelyn pohjalta valtatielle 2 on määritetty yhteensä yli 90 parantamiskohdetta, joihin on esitetty noin 250 toimenpidettä. Toimenpiteet on jaettu kolmeen kategoriaan: A) Ajoratamaalaukset, B) Liikennemerkkijärjestelyt ja C) Infratoimenpiteet. Suurin osa toimenpiteistä on pieniä, kustannustehokkaita ja nopeasti toteutettavissa olevia. Toimenpiteet on jaettu kahteen kiireellisyysluokkaan ja jokaiselle toimenpiteelle on esitetty vastuutaho ja karkea yksikkökustannusarvio. Kaikkien hankkeiden yhteenlaskettu kustannusarvio on 9,9 miljoonaa euroa (osa kustannusarvioista puuttuu, koska toimenpiteet vaativat jatkosuunnittelua). Selvityksessä esitettyjen toimenpiteiden yhteenlaskettu laskennallinen henkilövahinko-onnettomuuksien vähenemä on 1,6 henkilövahinkoon johtanutta onnettomuutta vuodessa (nykyisin 22 heva-onnettomuutta vuodessa). Varsinais-Suomen ELY-keskus pyrkii resurssiensa rajoissa toteuttamaan tulevina vuosina esitettyjä toimenpiteitä. Toimenpiteiden toteutusta tullaan seuraamaan ja ensimmäinen seurantapalaveri järjestetään kahden vuoden kuluttua vuoden 2018 lopussa.

Understanding round-tripping phenomenon in Russian context – case Cyprus

Russian FDI has a few peculiarities. One of them is round-tripping. Round-tripping is defined as transfer of funds abroad, usually to offshore financial centers (OFCs), and then bringing all or some of the investment back as foreign investment. Russian context was chosen for this study because the share of round-tripping investments from country’s total FDI is extensive. However, it needs to be addressed that this is not just a Russian phenomenon. Round-tripping is used by many developed and developing countries, and most of the countries have their own designated destinations for this kind of capital, much like Cyprus is the main destination for Russian capital. It is important to study this phenomenon further, since it falsifies FDI statistics and can lead to poor decisions on state level. Theoretical part of the study tries to determine weather traditional FDI and internationalization theories fit to explain the Russian round-tripping phenomenon. Traditional FDI and internationalization theories are first introduced in general terms, and then further examined in Russian context. In traditional endogenic FDI theories, when the capital is formed in one country it goes abroad to find better profits. At a first glance, this seemed not to be the case in round-tripping. However, during the study it became rather clear that with few adjustments and changes in perspective, traditional theories could be used to explain round-tripping phenomenon. For example, OLI paradigm can be further developed into OLIH paradigm with ‘H’ representing the important home country institutions. Transaction based view and resource seeking theories were also seen well equipped to explain round-tripping with a change in perspective. The latter part of the study focused on holistic understanding of Russian –Cyprian investment relationship. Study aims to shed light into the determinants and consequences of this phenomenon for both countries involved. The two share historical, cultural and political ties, but most importantly common financial interests. Russian companies seek security and financial knowledge to maneuver their assets and Cyprian economy largely is dependent on their disproportionally large financial sector. Consequences for Cyprian economy were seen in current economic crisis, when the need for their financial services diminished. Russian government on the other hand is losing vast amounts of tax money due to this phenomenon. A rather extreme view was also introduced in this study. Round-tripping phenomenon and OFCs are an important reason why corruption exists, since if one does not have a way to make ill-gained money legitimate why try to ill-gain the money at the first place. The most important finding of the study is that round-tripping companies are in a better competitive position than genuine and purely domestic investor due to their institutional knowledge.

Peltipoliisi hengenpelastajana!

todistettu, että mitä suuremmat ajonopeudet, sitä useampia kuolonkolareita. Siksi pieniinkin ylinopeuksiin puututaan. Automaattivalvontakameroita tulisikin kutsua liikenneturvallisuuskameroiksi tai jopa hengenpelastajiksi, koska niiden liikenneturvallisuusvaikutukset ovat kiistattomia.

”Because of how it makes me feel” – vuorovaikutuksen muodot ja merkitys elämysten tuottamisessa ja kokemisessa live-konserteissa

Live-konserttien tarjonnan kasvu ja kysynnän uhkaava lasku ovat johtaneet siihen, että artistit ja tapahtumanjärjestäjät kilpailevat yleisön suosiosta ja menestyksestä aiempaa enemmän. Ratkaisuna kuluttajille pyritään luomaan elämyksellisiä kulutusympäristöjä, joissa heille tarjotaan ikimuistoinen konserttikokemus. Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli tarkastella vuorovaikutuksen muotoja ja merkitystä elämysten tuottamisessa ja kokemisessa live-konserteissa. Tutkimuksessa oltiin kiinnostuneita siitä, millaista vuorovaikutus live-konserteissa on, keiden välillä sitä on ja mitkä tekijät edesauttavat tai haittaavat vuorovaikutuksen ja elämyksen syntymistä. Tavoitteena oli tunnistaa tekijät, joilla vuorovaikutukseen voidaan vaikuttaa. Tutkimuksen teoriakeskustelu pohjautui elämyksiä, arvon yhteisluomista ja vuorovaikutusta käsittelevään kirjallisuuteen sekä musiikin kuluttamista käsittelevään kirjallisuuteen. Tutkimuksessa oli laadullinen ote, ja tutkimusaineisto muodostui kolmen suomalaisen artistin, Jukka Pojan, Olavi Uusivirran ja Apulannan, konserttien havainnoinnista sekä artisti- ja yleisöhaastatteluista. Live-konserteissa tuottajan ja kuluttajan roolit sekoittuvat, sillä artisti tuottaa, jakaa ja kokee elämyksiä yhdessä yleisön kanssa. Elämys on subjektiivinen kokemus, mutta se syntyy vuorovaikutuksessa muiden kanssa. Live-konserteissa tapahtuu yhtä aikaa monensuuntaista vuorovaikutusta, ja siksi vuorovaikutuksen merkitys elämysten tuottamisessa ja kokemisessa on suurempi kuin perinteisessä palveluasetelmassa. Vuorovaikutus live-konserteissa on moninaista sen dynaamisuuden, ajassa tunnistettavien vaiheiden, eri vuorovaikutustyyppien ja niiden yhtäaikaisuudesta johtuvien eri tasojen takia. Vuorovaikutusta voi olla yksittäisen artistin tai yhtyeen ja yleisön välillä sekä artistin tai yhtyeen ja yksilön välillä. Sitä voi kuitenkin olla myös yleisön sekä artistien keskuudessa. Tämä johtaa siihen, että vuorovaikutuksen muodot ovat monimutkaisia, eikä selkeää muotokategoriaa voida siksi osoittaa. Toimintaympäristö, tapahtuman luonne, fyysinen ja henkinen etäisyys sekä yleisön motiivit osallistua tapahtumaan ohjaavat vuorovaikutuksen suuntaa ja intensiteettiä. Toimintaympäristötekijöillä voidaan edesauttaa tai haitata vuorovaikutuksen ja elämyksen syntymistä, ja tapahtumanjärjestäjällä on vastuu vuorovaikutusmahdollisuuden luomisessa. Artistin vastuulla on kiinnittää vuorovaikutus artistia ja yleisöä yhdistävään artisti- tai konserttilähtöiseen tekijään, joka on koko vuorovaikutuksen perusta. Siinä onnistuminen nostaa vuorovaikutuksen intensiteettiä ja johtaa todennäköisimmin hurmokseen, joka liikuttaa massoja, ei vain yksilöä

High resolution photoacoustic overtone spectroscopy of monofluoroacetylene, HCCF, with a titanium:sapphire ring laser

Intracavity photoacoustic overtone spectrum of monofluoroacetylene, HCCF, has been recorded in the wave number region 10 750–14 500 cm−1 with a titanium:sapphire ring laser. The spectrum contains many dense vibration–rotation band systems which can be resolved with Doppler limited resolution. Altogether 58 individual overtone bands have been analyzed rotationally. Many of the observed bands show perturbations of which some have been attributed to anharmonic resonance interactions. A Fermi resonance model based on conventional rectilinear normal coordinate theory has been used to assign vibrationally bands from this work and from earlier studies. Many of the observed vibrational term values and rotational constants can be reproduced well with this model. The results show the importance of the Fermi resonance interactions at the high overtone excitations.

Six new loci associated with body mass index highlight a neuronal influence on body weight regulation

Common variants at only two loci, FTO and MC4R, have been reproducibly associated with body mass index (BMI) in humans. To identify additional loci, we conducted meta-analysis of 15 genome-wide association studies for BMI (n > 32,000) and followed up top signals in 14 additional cohorts (n > 59,000). We strongly confirm FTO and MC4R and identify six additional loci (P < 5 x 10(-8)): TMEM18, KCTD15, GNPDA2, SH2B1, MTCH2 and NEGR1 (where a 45-kb deletion polymorphism is a candidate causal variant). Several of the likely causal genes are highly expressed or known to act in the central nervous system (CNS), emphasizing, as in rare monogenic forms of obesity, the role of the CNS in predisposition to obesity.

An overview on the urban boundary-layer atmosphere network in Helsinki

The Helsinki Urban Boundary-Layer Atmosphere Network (UrBAN: http://urban.fmi.fi) is a dedicated research-grade observational network where the physical processes in the atmosphere above the city are studied. Helsinki UrBAN is the most poleward intensive urban research observation network in the world and thus will allow studying some unique features such as strong seasonality. The network's key purpose is for the understanding of the physical processes in the urban boundary layer and associated fluxes of heat, momentum, moisture, and other gases. A further purpose is to secure a research-grade database, which can be used internationally to validate and develop numerical models of air quality and weather prediction. Scintillometers, a scanning Doppler lidar, ceilometers, a sodar, eddy-covariance stations, and radiometers are used. This equipment is supplemented by auxiliary measurements, which were primarily set up for general weather and/or air-quality mandatory purposes, such as vertical soundings and the operational Doppler radar network. Examples are presented as a testimony to the potential of the network for urban studies, such as (i) evidence of a stable boundary layer possibly coupled to an urban surface, (ii) the comparison of scintillometer data with sonic anemometry above an urban surface, (iii) the application of scanning lidar over a city, and (iv) combination of sodar and lidar to give a fuller range of sampling heights for boundary layer profiling.

Nonrecurrent MECP2 duplications mediated by genomic architecture-driven DNA breaks and break-induced replication repair

Recurrent submicroscopic genomic copy number changes are the result of nonallelic homologous recombination (NAHR). Nonrecurrent aberrations, however, can result from different nonexclusive recombination-repair mechanisms. We previously described small microduplications at Xq28 containing MECP2 in four male patients with a severe neurological phenotype. Here, we report on the fine-mapping and breakpoint analysis of 16 unique microduplications. The size of the overlapping copy number changes varies between 0.3 and 2.3 Mb, and FISH analysis on three patients demonstrated a tandem orientation. Although eight of the 32 breakpoint regions coincide with low-copy repeats, none of the duplications are the result of NAHR. Bioinformatics analysis of the breakpoint regions demonstrated a 2.5-fold higher frequency of Alu interspersed repeats as compared with control regions, as well as a very high GC content (53%). Unexpectedly, we obtained the junction in only one patient by long-range PCR, which revealed nonhomologous end joining as the mechanism. Breakpoint analysis in two other patients by inverse PCR and subsequent array comparative genomic hybridization analysis demonstrated the presence of a second duplicated region more telomeric at Xq28, of which one copy was inserted in between the duplicated MECP2 regions. These data suggest a two-step mechanism in which part of Xq28 is first inserted near the MECP2 locus, followed by breakage-induced replication with strand invasion of the normal sister chromatid. Our results indicate that the mechanism by which copy number changes occur in regions with a complex genomic architecture can yield complex rearrangements.

Understanding Foreign Masters : the examples of Rabindranath Tagore and Fyodor Dostoyevskiy

The Indian author Rabindranath Tagore was received like royalty during his visits to the West after winning the Nobel Prize in 1913. Dreams of foreign cultures offered a retreat from a complicated age. In a time when the West appeared to be living under threat of disintegration and when industrialism seemed like a cul-de-sac, he appeared to offer the promise of a return to a lost paradise, a spiritual abode that is superior to the restless Western culture. However, Tagore’s popularity faded rapidly, most notably in England, the main target of his criticism. Soon after Tagore had won the Nobel Prize, the English became indignant at Tagore’s anti-colonial attitude.Tagore visited Sweden in 1921 and 1926 and was given a warm reception. His visits to Sweden can be seen as an episode in a longer chain of events. It brought to life old conceptions of India as the abode of spirituality on earth. Nevertheless, interest in him was a relatively short-lived phenomenon in Sweden. Only a few of his admirers in Sweden appreciated the complexity of Tagore’s achievements. His “anathema of mammonism”, as a Swedish newspaper called it, was not properly received. After a steady stream of translations his popularity flagged towards the end of the 1920s and then almost disappeared entirely. Tagores visits in Sweden gave an indication that India was on the way to liberate itself from its colonial legacy, which consequently contributed to the waning of his popularity in the West. In the long run, his criticism of the drawbacks in the western world became too obvious to maintain permanent interest. The Russian author Fyodor Dostoyevskiy’s Crime and Punishment (1866) has enticed numerous interpretations such as the purely biographical approach. In the nervous main character of the novel, the young student Raskolnikov, one easily recognizes Dostoyevskiy himself. The novel can also be seen as a masterpiece of realistic fiction. It gives a broad picture of Saint Petersburg, a metropolis in decay. Crime and Punishment can also be seen as one of the first examples of a modern psychological novel, since it is focused on the inner drama of its main character, the young student Raskolnikov. His actions seem to be governed by mere coincidences, dreams and the spur of the moment. it seems fruitful to study the novel from a psychoanalytical approach. In his book Raskolnikov: the way of the divided towards unity in Crime and Punishment (1982), a Swedish scholar, Owe Wikström, has followed this line of interpretation all the way to Freud’s disciple C G Jung. In addition to this, the novel functions as an exciting crime story. To a large extent it is Viktor Sjklovskij and other Russian formalists from the 1920s and onwards who have taught the western audience to understand the specific nature of the crime story. The novel could be seen as a story about religious conversion. Like Lasarus in the Bible (whose story attracts a lot of attention in the novel) Raskolnikov is awakened from the dead, and together with Sonja he starts a completely new life. The theme of conversion has a special meaning for Dostoyevskiy. For him the conversion meant an acknowledgement of the specific nature of Russia itself. Crime and punishment mirrors the conflict between traditional Russian values and western influences that has been obvious in Russia throughout the history of the country. The novel reflects a dialogue that still continues in Russian society. The Russian literary historian Mikhail Bakhtin, who is probably the most famous interpreter of the works of Dostoyevskiy, has become famous precisely by emphasizing the importance of dialogues in novels like Crime and Punishment. According to Bakhtin, this novel is characterized by its multitude of voices. Various ideas are confronted with each other, and each one of them is personified by one of the characters in the novel. The author has resigned from his position as the superior monitor of the text, and he leaves it to the reader to decide what interpretation is the correct one..The aim of the present study is thus to analyze the complex reactions in the west to Tagore’s visits in Sweden and to Fyodor Dostoyevskiys novel Crime and Punishment.. This leads to more general conclusions on communication between cultures.

Effect of Na-chloride on the bioleaching of a chalcopyrite concentrate in shake flasks and stirred tank bioreactors

Oxidative dissolution of chalcopyrite at ambient temperatures is generally slow and subject to passivation, posing a major challenge for developing bioleaching applications for this recalcitrant mineral. Chloride is known to enhance the chemical leaching of chalcopyrite, but much of this effect has been demonstrated at elevated temperatures. This study was undertaken to test whether 100-200 mM Na-chloride enhances the chemical and bacterial leaching of chalcopyrite in shake flasks and stirred tank bioreactor conditions at mesophilic temperatures. Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans and abiotic controls were employed for the leaching experiments. Addition of Na-chloride to the bioleaching suspension inhibited the formation of secondary phases from chalcopyrite and decreased the Fe(III) precipitation. Neither elemental S nor secondary Cu-sulfides were detected in solid residues by X-ray diffraction. Chalcopyrite leaching was enhanced when the solution contained bacteria, ferrous iron and Na-chloride under low redox potential (< 450 mV) conditions. Scanning electron micrographs and energy-dispersive analysis of X-rays revealed the presence of precipitates that were identified as brushite and jarosites in solid residues. Minor amounts of gypsum may also have been present. Electrochemical analysis of solid residues was in concurrence of the differential effects between chemical controls, chloride ions, and bacteria. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to characterize interfacial changes on chalcopyrite surface caused by different bioleaching conditions. In abiotic controls, the impedance signal stabilized after 28 days, indicating the lack of changes on mineral surface thereafter, but with more resistive behavior than chalcopyrite itself. For bioleached samples, the signal suggested some capacitive response with time owing to the formation of less conductive precipitates. At Bode-phase angle plots (middle frequency), a new time constant was observed that was associated with the formation of jarosite, possibly also with minor amount or elemental S, although this intermediate could not be verified by XRD. Real impedance vs. frequency plots indicated that the bioleaching continued to modify the chalcopyrite/solution interface even after 42 days. © 2013 The Authors.