Supporting families with a fussy eater

The article offers the authors insights on how to manage children who eat a limited diet. Topics discussed include the role of parents and caregivers in helping children to develop healthy eating habits, the Child Feeding Guide consists of ways how to increase fruit and vegetable intake of children, and the Child Feeding Guide app for tablets and smartphones provides evidence-based information for people who are concerned about the eating behavior of children.

Nanotechnology in the food industry I: applications

Nanotechnology is a multidisciplinary science that is having a boom today, providing new products with attractive physicochemical properties for many applications. In agri/feed/food sector, nanotechnology offers great opportunities for obtaining products and innovative applications for agriculture and livestock, water treatment and the production, processing, storage and packaging of food. To this end, a wide variety of nanomaterials, ranging from metals and inorganic metal oxides to organic nanomaterials carrying bioactive ingredients are applied. This review shows an overview of current and future applications of nanotechnology in the food industry. Food additives and materials in contact with food are now the main applications, while it is expected that in the future are in the field of nano-encapsulated and nanocomposites in applications as novel foods, additives, biocides, pesticides and materials food contact.

Opportunities and constraints of transhumant small ruminant production in the Chinese Altay Mountains

This PhD thesis focuses on current livelihoods of agro-pastoral livestock keepers, their animal nutrition, herd and rangeland management strategies. It thereby aims to contribute to sustainable rangeland management, livestock production and household income in Qinghe county of the Chinese Altay Mountain region, located in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, PR China. In its first part the study characterizes the socio-economic situation and agricultural practices of agro-pastoralists through structured household interviews. The second part provides insights into the grazing behaviour and feed intake of small ruminants on seasonal pastures in this region, and into the quantitative and qualitative biomass offer on natural rangelands. The third part analyses the reproductive performance and annual growth of the local sheep and goat herds, and, by modelling improved feeding and culling strategies, tests herd management options that potentially improve the monetary output per female herd animal without increasing the pressure onto natural rangelands. Taken together, the results of the study suggest that, despite an increase and intensification of cropping and vegetable gardening in the region of Qinghe, livestock rearing is still the major livelihood strategy both in terms of prevalence and relative importance. However, livestock keeping is challenged by low biomass production on rangelands, due to the combined impact of high climate variability and highly localized grazing pressure on the seasonal pastures. Though government regulations try to tackle the latter aspect, their implementation is sometimes difficult. Alternatives to strict regulation of grazing periods and animal numbers on seasonal pastures are, in the case of goats, more rigorous culling strategies and, in the case of sheep and goats, strategic supplementation of the animals in the winter and spring season. However, for the latter strategy to become economically viable, an improvement of live animal and meat marketing options and an investment in local meat processing facilities that add value to the carcasses is needed. As the regional cities grow rapidly, the potential market to absorb diverse and good quality meat products is there, along with the road network connecting Qinghe county to the regional capital. Such governmental measures will not only create new job opportunities in the region but also benefit the cash income of pastoralists in this westernmost region of China.

La promotion de la saine alimentation chez des femmes à risque de développer du diabète gestationnel

L’objectif général de la thèse est d’identifier des moyens novateurs afin de promouvoir la saine alimentation, soit la consommation de fruits et légumes, chez des femmes à risque de développer du diabète gestationnel. L’Intervention Mapping a servi de cadre pour planifier les étapes nécessaires au développement de l’intervention. Pour atteindre l’objectif de la thèse, quatre projets de recherche distincts, mais complémentaires ont été réalisés. Le premier projet de recherche impliquait d’effectuer une revue systématique sur la validation des mesures auto-déclarées de l’alimentation durant la grossesse. L’objectif était de recenser les méthodes utilisées pour mesurer l’alimentation durant la grossesse et de vérifier leurs qualités psychométriques pour identifier les outils à privilégier pour évaluer l’alimentation des femmes enceintes. L’objectif du deuxième projet de recherche était de valider un court questionnaire sur la consommation de fruits et légumes chez des femmes enceintes. Le troisième projet était une recherche formative dont l’objectif était de développer le contenu d’un questionnaire utilisant l’activation des intentions pour favoriser la consommation de fruits et légumes chez des femmes à risque de développer du diabète gestationnel. L’objectif du quatrième projet de recherche était d’évaluer l’efficacité d’une intervention de type activation des intentions comparativement à un groupe contrôle utilisant l’effet question-comportement pour promouvoir la consommation de fruits et légumes chez des femmes en âge de procréer (18 à 44 ans) à risque de développer du diabète gestationnel. Il s’est avéré que l’activation des intentions et l’effet question-comportement sont des techniques efficaces pour augmenter la consommation de légumes chez des femmes en âge de procréer à risque de développer du diabète gestationnel. Ce résultat suggère que ces deux techniques peuvent être utilisées pour favoriser une alimentation saine avant le début de la grossesse afin de diminuer le risque de développer du diabète gestationnel ou du diabète de type 2 et ainsi assurer la santé de la femme et celle de son enfant. Bref, les quatre projets de recherche de la thèse ont permis de développer une intervention qui utilisait un outil validé pour mesurer la consommation de fruits et légumes, qui répondait aux besoins de la population cible et qui fut efficace pour promouvoir la saine alimentation chez des femmes à risque de développer du diabète gestationnel.

Burned Area Mapping in the North American Boreal Forest Using Terra-MODIS LTDR (2001–2011): A Comparison with the MCD45A1, MCD64A1 and BA GEOLAND-2 Products

An algorithm based on a Bayesian network classifier was adapted to produce 10-day burned area (BA) maps from the Long Term Data Record Version 3 (LTDR) at a spatial resolution of 0.05° (~5 km) for the North American boreal region from 2001 to 2011. The modified algorithm used the Brightness Temperature channel from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) band 31 T31 (11.03 μm) instead of the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) band T3 (3.75 μm). The accuracy of the BA-LTDR, the Collection 5.1 MODIS Burned Area (MCD45A1), the MODIS Collection 5.1 Direct Broadcast Monthly Burned Area (MCD64A1) and the Burned Area GEOLAND-2 (BA GEOLAND-2) products was assessed using reference data from the Alaska Fire Service (AFS) and the Canadian Forest Service National Fire Database (CFSNFD). The linear regression analysis of the burned area percentages of the MCD64A1 product using 40 km × 40 km grids versus the reference data for the years from 2001 to 2011 showed an agreement of R2 = 0.84 and a slope = 0.76, while the BA-LTDR showed an agreement of R2 = 0.75 and a slope = 0.69. These results represent an improvement over the MCD45A1 product, which showed an agreement of R2 = 0.67 and a slope = 0.42. The MCD64A1, BA-LTDR and MCD45A1 products underestimated the total burned area in the study region, whereas the BA GEOLAND-2 product overestimated it by approximately five-fold, with an agreement of R2 = 0.05. Despite MCD64A1 showing the best overall results, the BA-LTDR product proved to be an alternative for mapping burned areas in the North American boreal forest region compared with the other global BA products, even those with higher spatial/spectral resolution

Quantificação de iodo em alimentos consumidos em Portugal: resultados preliminares

O iodo é um oligoelemento indispensável para a síntese das hormonas da tiroide. A alimentação é a maior fonte natural de iodo. Assim, o principal objetivo deste trabalho foi a determinação de iodo em alimentos como consumidos e representativos da dieta portuguesa. A metodologia escolhida para a quantificação deste nutriente foi a espectrometria de massa acoplada ao plasma indutivo (ICP-MS). Analisaram-se seis grupos de alimentos: peixes, mariscos e bivalves, leite e derivados, vegetais, fruta e refeições compostas. Os grupos do pescado (peixe, marisco e bivalves) foram os que apresentaram concentrações de iodo mais elevados, com um valor médio de 114 μg/100g. Os laticínios são também uma fonte importante para suprir o aporte diário de iodo (150 μg/dia) apresentado valores médios de 22 μg/100g. Os resultados permitem concluir que em Portugal uma alimentação rica em pescado e lacticínios supre a dose diária recomendada de iodo para um adulto saudável.

Farmers’ Market Nutrition Program Recipe Cards

These are cards giving recipes for fruit and vegetable dishes. Recipes include: confetti bean salsa, Mediterranean quinoa salad, minty watermelon cucumber salad, quick refrigerator pickles, broccoli salad, apple, cranberry and almond coleslaw, farmers’ market pasta salad, roasted beet and butter bean hummus, spinach and strawberry pecan salad, okra, avocado and tomato salad, plum-berry mint smoothie and crispy baked vegetables.

Análise elementar de águas e sumos

A concentração de seis elementos: Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni, Zn e Fe foi medida em sessenta e sete amostras de sumos de fruta 100 %, duas amostras de refrigerantes, dez amostras de concentrados de sumos e sete amostras de águas de diluição utilizadas no processamento dos sumos. As amostras de sumos representam numa prespectiva bastante abrangente o mercado Português de sumos de fruta 100 %. Os refrigerantes concentrados e águas de diluição foram cedidos por duas empresas fabricantes de sumos Portuguesas. As concentrações elementares foram medidas pelas técnicas de FAAS e GFAAS e foi medido também o grau Brix dos sumos. Os factores: fruta, percentagem de fruta, origem, agricultura, tratamento, embalagem, conservação e processo foram obtidos por informação do fabricante nos rótulos dos produtos e por contacto directo. Caracterizou-se o mercado em termos da concentração desses elementos e caracterizou-se a sua diluição comparando-a com valores de referência do mercado Europeu. Mediu-se o grau de associação entre os diversos parâmetros e a concentração final elementar dos sumos e utilizou-se a análise de agrupamentos, a análise de correspondência múltipla e a análise factorial para reestruturar a matriz de dados. Dos resultados obtidos, os sumos de fruta apresentam a seguinte ordem de grandeza nas suas concentrações elementares: Cd

Pesticide bioconcentration factor estimate in apples.

This work objective was to estimate the bioconcentration factor (BCF) of thirty six pesticides used in the Brazilian integrated apple production systems (IAP), in order to select priority pesticides to be monitored in apples. A hypothetical apple orchard was assumed and the model applied was according to Paraíba (2007) [Pesticide bioconcentration modeling for fruit trees. Chemosphere (66:1468-1475)]. The model relates BCF with plant and pesticide characteristics. The octanol-water partition coefficients of pesticides and their degradation rates in the soil were used. The following plant variables were considered: growth rate, total dry biomass, daily water transpiration rate, and total volume of water necessary to produce one kg of fresh fruit per plant. The pesticide stem-water partition coefficient and the transpiration stream concentration factor were calculated using equations that relate each coefficient with the octanol-water partition coefficient. The pesticide BCF in fruits is an important indicator of the pesticide affinity to fruits, and helps to improve the integrated production systems.