Araknion: inducción de modelos lingüísticos a partir de corpora

El proyecto Araknion tiene como objetivo general dotar al español y al catalán de una infraestructura básica de recursos lingüísticos para el procesamiento semántico de corpus en el marco de la Web 2.0 sean de origen oral o escrito.

TextMess 2.0: las tecnologías del lenguaje humano ante los nuevos retos de la comunicación digital

El objetivo general de este proyecto se centra en el estudio, desarrollo y experimentación de diferentes técnicas y sistemas basados en Tecnologías del Lenguaje Humano (TLH) para el desarrollo de la próxima generación de sistemas de procesamiento inteligente de la información digital (modelado, recuperación, tratamiento, comprensión y descubrimiento) afrontando los actuales retos de la comunicación digital. En este nuevo escenario, los sistemas deben incorporar capacidades de razonamiento que descubrirán la subjetividad de la información en todos sus contextos (espacial, temporal y emocional) analizando las diferentes dimensiones de uso (multilingualidad, multimodalidad y registro).

Diversity for Texts Builds in Language L(MT): Indexes Based in Theory of Information

If one has a distribution of words (SLUNs or CLUNS) in a text written in language L(MT), and is adjusted one of the mathematical expressions of distribution that exists in the mathematical literature, some parameter of the elected expression it can be considered as a measure of the diversity. But because the adjustment is not always perfect as usual measure; it is preferable to select an index that doesn't postulate a regularity of distribution expressible for a simple formula. The problem can be approachable statistically, without having special interest for the organization of the text. It can serve as index any monotonous function that has a minimum value when all their elements belong to the same class, that is to say, all the individuals belong to oneself symbol, and a maximum value when each element belongs to a different class, that is to say, each individual is of a different symbol. It should also gather certain conditions like they are: to be not very sensitive to the extension of the text and being invariant to certain number of operations of selection in the text. These operations can be theoretically random. The expressions that offer more advantages are those coming from the theory of the information of Shannon-Weaver. Based on them, the authors develop a theoretical study for indexes of diversity to be applied in texts built in modeling language L(MT), although anything impedes that they can be applied to texts written in natural languages.

Explotación y tratamiento de la información disponible en Internet para la anotación y generación de textos adaptados al usuario

La gran cantidad de información disponible en Internet está dificultando cada vez más que los usuarios puedan digerir toda esa información, siendo actualmente casi impensable sin la ayuda de herramientas basadas en las Tecnologías del Lenguaje Humano (TLH), como pueden ser los recuperadores de información o resumidores automáticos. El interés de este proyecto emergente (y por tanto, su objetivo principal) viene motivado precisamente por la necesidad de definir y crear un marco tecnológico basado en TLH, capaz de procesar y anotar semánticamente la información, así como permitir la generación de información de forma automática, flexibilizando el tipo de información a presentar y adaptándola a las necesidades de los usuarios. En este artículo se proporciona una visión general de este proyecto, centrándonos en la arquitectura propuesta y el estado actual del mismo.

Exploring the use of cooperative activities in a language subject to develop students’ social competences at the University

Cooperative learning has been successfully implemented in the last 60 years for teaching at different educational levels including the Higher Studies due to its solid theoretical foundation, the principles it proposes and its practical applications. The purpose of this article is to offer a proposal for some cooperative activities that allow students to work in small groups in a language subject in order to learn not only contents but also putting into practice what they learn, i.e., they learn by being active. This article discusses how the said activities make it possible for students to work with the main principles of cooperative learning, i.e.: positive interdependence, face-to-face interaction, individual and group accountability, interpersonal and small-group skills and group processing. Moreover, this research will also point out that the proposed activities allow students to acquire some of the social competences required in the labour market such as leadership, conflict solving and cooperation.

The Impact of Language Opacity and Proficiency on Reading Strategies in Bilinguals: An Eye Movement Study

Reading strategies vary across languages according to orthographic depth - the complexity of the grapheme in relation to phoneme conversion rules - notably at the level of eye movement patterns. We recently demonstrated that a group of early bilinguals, who learned both languages equally under the age of seven, presented a first fixation location (FFL) closer to the beginning of words when reading in German as compared with French. Since German is known to be orthographically more transparent than French, this suggested that different strategies were being engaged depending on the orthographic depth of the used language. Opaque languages induce a global reading strategy, and transparent languages force a local/serial strategy. Thus, pseudo-words were processed using a local strategy in both languages, suggesting that the link between word forms and their lexical representation may also play a role in selecting a specific strategy. In order to test whether corresponding effects appear in late bilinguals with low proficiency in their second language (L2), we present a new study in which we recorded eye movements while two groups of late German-French and French-German bilinguals read aloud isolated French and German words and pseudo-words. Since, a transparent reading strategy is local and serial, with a high number of fixations per stimuli, and the level of the bilingual participants' L2 is low, the impact of language opacity should be observed in L1. We therefore predicted a global reading strategy if the bilinguals' L1 was French (FFL close to the middle of the stimuli with fewer fixations per stimuli) and a local and serial reading strategy if it was German. Thus, the L2 of each group, as well as pseudo-words, should also require a local and serial reading strategy. Our results confirmed these hypotheses, suggesting that global word processing is only achieved by bilinguals with an opaque L1 when reading in an opaque language; the low level in the L2 gives way to a local and serial reading strategy. These findings stress the fact that reading behavior is influenced not only by the linguistic mode but also by top-down factors, such as readers' proficiency.

La fuente del idioma español; ó, Formación de más de 7.000 vocablos castellanos, derivado de 90 raíces tomadas del sánscrito, del griego y del latín, con expresión etimológica y filosófica del desarrollo natural de las lenguas indo-europeas.

Mode of access: Internet.

A path Pascal language /

Bibliography: p. 19-20.

Tree height reduction for parallel processing of blocks of Fortran assignment statements.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Illinois.

Natural method in English : consisting of a series of graded lessons for the use of schools. Arranged for the convenience of teachers, and especially adapted to private study.

Mode of access: Internet.

The natural influence of speech in raising man abovve the brute creation.

Mode of access: Internet.

The geographical, natural and civil history of Chili.

Appendix has special t.-p.: An appendix to the civil and political history of Chili, consisting of a sketch of the Araucana of Don Alonzo de Ercilla, with copious translations from that poem, by William Hayley, esq. and the Rev. H. Boyd. New York: Published by Alsop, Brannan and Alsop, City-hotel, Broadway, 1808.

Three visits to Madagascar during the years 1853-1854-1856 : including a journey to the capital : with notices of the natural history of the country and of the present civilization of the people /

"Appendix. Brief remarks on the Malagasy language": p. 411-426.

Children's auditory perception and cognitive processing skills in adverse listening situations

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2016-06

The relationship between the mismatch negativity (MMN) and psycholinguistic models of spoken word processing

Background: The results from previous studies have indicated that a pre-attentive component of the event-related potential (ERP), the mismatch negativity (MMN), may be an objective measure of the automatic auditory processing of phonemes and words. Aims: This article reviews the relationship between the MMN data and psycholinguistic models of spoken word processing, in order to determine whether the MMN may be used to objectively pinpoint spoken word processing deficits in individuals with aphasia. Main Contribution: This article outlines the ways in which the MMN data support psycholinguistic models currently used in the clinical management of aphasic individuals. Furthermore, the cell assembly model of the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying spoken word processing is discussed in relation to the MMN and psycholinguistic models. Conclusions: The MMN data support current theoretical psycholinguistic and neurophysiological models of spoken word processing. Future MMN studies that include normal and aphasic populations will further elucidate the role that the MMN may play in the clinical management of aphasic individuals.